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A yau, yadudduka masu aiki tare da kaddarorin ƙwayoyin cuta sun fi shahara. Koyaya, samar da yadudduka masu inganci tare da ɗorewa da daidaiton aiki ya kasance ƙalubale. An yi amfani da barasa na Polyvinyl (PVA) don canza masana'anta na polypropylene (PP), sannan aka ajiye nanoparticles na azurfa (AgNPs) a wurin don samar da PVA-gyaran AgNPs-Lokaci PP (wanda ake magana da su azaman AgNPs). /PVA/PP) masana'anta. Encapsulation na PP zaruruwa ta amfani da PVA shafi taimaka wajen inganta mannewa na ɗora Kwatancen Ag NPs zuwa PP fibers, da kuma Ag / PVA / PP nonwovens nuna muhimmanci inganta inji Properties da juriya ga Escherichia coli (ana nufin E. coli). Gabaɗaya, masana'anta na Ag/PVA/PP wanda aka samar a 30mM na ammoniya na azurfa yana da mafi kyawun kayan aikin injiniya, kuma ƙimar kariya ta antibacterial akan E. coli ya kai 99.99%. Har ila yau masana'anta suna riƙe kyakkyawan aikin ƙwayoyin cuta bayan wankewa 40 kuma yana da yuwuwar yin amfani da maimaitawa. Bugu da ƙari, Ag / PVA / PP masana'anta ba tare da saka ba yana da fa'idodin aikace-aikace a cikin masana'antu saboda kyakkyawan yanayin iska da ƙarancin danshi. Bugu da kari, mun kuma ɓullo da fasahar yin birgima tare da gudanar da bincike na farko don gwada yuwuwar wannan hanyar.
Tare da zurfafa haɓakar tattalin arziƙin duniya, ƙungiyoyin jama'a masu yawa sun haɓaka yuwuwar watsa kwayar cutar, wanda ke bayyana dalilin da ya sa sabon littafin coronavirus yana da ƙarfin yaduwa a duniya kuma yana da wahalar hanawa1,2,3. A wannan ma'anar, akwai buƙatar gaggawa don haɓaka sabbin kayan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, irin su polypropylene (PP) marasa saƙa, azaman kayan kariya na likita. Polypropylene masana'anta da ba a saka ba yana da fa'idodin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙima, rashin ƙarfi na sinadarai da ƙarancin farashi4, amma ba shi da ikon ƙwayoyin cuta, ɗan gajeren rayuwar sabis da ƙarancin kariya. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don ba da kayan aikin antibacterial zuwa kayan da ba a saka ba.
A matsayin tsohuwar wakili na rigakafi, azurfa ta shiga matakai biyar na ci gaba: maganin azurfa na colloidal, sulfadiazine na azurfa, gishiri na azurfa, azurfar furotin da nanosilver. Azurfa nanoparticles ana ƙara amfani da filayen kamar medicine5,6, conductivity7,8,9, surface-enhanced Raman watsawa10,11,12, catalytic ƙasƙanci na dyes13,14,15,16 da dai sauransu Musamman, azurfa nanoparticles ( AgNPs) da abũbuwan amfãni a kan gargajiya antimicrobiary mahadi da karfe mahadi, kamar karfe mahadi da kuma karfe mahadi. triclosan saboda juriya na ƙwayoyin cuta da ake buƙata, kwanciyar hankali, ƙarancin farashi da yarda da muhalli17,18,19. Bugu da kari, azurfa nanoparticles tare da babban takamaiman surface yankin da high antibacterial aiki za a iya haɗe zuwa ulu yadudduka20, auduga yadudduka21,22, polyester yadudduka da sauran yadudduka cimma sarrafawa, ci gaba da saki na antibacterial azurfa barbashi23,24. Wannan yana nufin cewa ta hanyar ƙaddamar da AgNPs, yana yiwuwa ya haifar da yadudduka na PP tare da aikin ƙwayoyin cuta. Duk da haka, PP nonwovens ba su da ƙungiyoyi masu aiki kuma suna da ƙananan polarity, wanda ba shi da amfani ga ƙaddamar da AgNPs. Don shawo kan wannan drawback, wasu masu bincike sun yi ƙoƙarin saka Ag nanoparticles a saman PP yadudduka ta amfani da daban-daban gyare-gyare hanyoyin ciki har da jini spraying26,27, radiation grafting28,29,30,31 da surface coating32. Misali, Goli et al. [33] ya gabatar da murfin furotin a saman masana'anta na PP wanda ba a saka ba, amino acid a gefen Layer na furotin na iya zama makirufo don ɗaure AgNPs, don haka samun kyawawan kaddarorin ƙwayoyin cuta. aiki. Li da abokan aiki 34 sun gano cewa N-isopropylacrylamide da N- (3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride da aka haɗa ta hanyar ultraviolet (UV) etching sun nuna aikin antimicrobial mai ƙarfi, kodayake tsarin etching na UV yana da rikitarwa kuma yana iya lalata kayan aikin injiniya. zaruruwa. . Oliani et al sun shirya fina-finai na Gel na Ag NPs-PP tare da kyakkyawan aikin ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar pretreating PP mai tsabta tare da sakawa gamma; duk da haka, hanyar su ma ta kasance mai rikitarwa. Don haka, ya kasance ƙalubale don samar da ingantacciyar hanya da sauƙi don samar da nonwovens na polypropylene da za'a iya sake yin amfani da su tare da aikin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta da ake so.
A cikin wannan binciken, an yi amfani da barasa na polyvinyl, wani abu mai mahimmanci na muhalli da ƙananan farashi mai mahimmanci tare da kyakkyawan ikon samar da fim, babban hydrophilicity, da kuma kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na jiki da sinadarai, ana amfani da shi don gyara masana'anta na polypropylene. Ana amfani da Glucose azaman wakili mai ragewa36. Ƙaruwa a cikin makamashin sararin samaniya na PP da aka gyara yana inganta ƙaddamar da zaɓi na AgNPs. Idan aka kwatanta da tsararren PP masana'anta, masana'anta Ag / PVA / PP da aka shirya sun nuna kyakkyawan sake yin amfani da su, kyakkyawan aikin antibacterial akan E. coli, kyawawan kayan aikin injiniya ko da bayan 40 wanke hawan keke, da mahimmancin numfashi, jima'i da danshi permeability.
Jiyuan Kang'an Sanitary Materials Co., Ltd. (Jiyuan, China) ne ya samar da masana'anta na PP wanda ba shi da wani nau'in nauyi na 25 g/m2 da kauri na 0.18 mm kuma an yanke shi cikin zanen gado mai auna 5 × 5 cm2. An siyi nitrate na azurfa (99.8%; AR) daga Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd. (Shantou, China). An sayi Glucose daga Fuzhou Neptune Fuyao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Fuzhou, China). Polyvinyl barasa (ma'auni reagent na masana'antu) an saya daga Tianjin Sitong Chemical Factory (Tianjin, China). An yi amfani da ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi azaman mai narkewa ko kurkura kuma an shirya shi a dakin gwaje-gwajenmu. An sayi kayan abinci na agar da broth daga Beijing Aoboxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). An sayi nau'in E. coli (ATCC 25922) daga Kamfanin Zhangzhou Bochuang (Zhangzhou, China).
Sakamakon PP nama an wanke shi tare da duban dan tayi a cikin ethanol na mintina 15. An ƙara PVA da aka samu a cikin ruwa kuma an yi zafi a 95 ° C don 2 hours don samun maganin ruwa. Sa'an nan kuma an narkar da glucose a cikin 10 ml na maganin PVA tare da babban juzu'i na 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0% da 1.5%. Tsaftataccen masana'anta mara sakan polypropylene an nutsar da shi a cikin maganin PVA/glucose kuma yayi zafi a 60 ° C na awa 1. Bayan an gama dumama, an cire PP-impregnated masana'anta maras sakawa daga PVA/glucose bayani kuma a bushe a 60 ° C na 0.5 h don samar da fim na PVA a saman yanar gizon, ta haka ne za a sami PVA / PP composite. yadi.
Ana narkar da nitrate na azurfa a cikin 10 ml na ruwa tare da motsawa akai-akai a dakin da zafin jiki kuma ana ƙara ammonia a hankali har sai bayani ya canza daga fili zuwa launin ruwan kasa kuma ya sake bayyana don samun maganin ammonia na azurfa (5-90 mM). Sanya PVA/PP masana'anta mara saƙa a cikin maganin ammonia na azurfa kuma a zafi shi a 60 ° C na awa 1 don samar da Ag nanoparticles a wurin a saman masana'anta, sannan a wanke shi da ruwa sau uku kuma a bushe a 60 ° C. C don 0.5 h don samun Ag/PVA/PP masana'anta hade.
Bayan gwaje-gwaje na farko, mun gina kayan aikin birgima a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje don samar da manyan yadudduka masu haɗaka. Ana yin rollers da PTFE don guje wa mummunan halayen da gurɓatawa. A lokacin wannan tsari, ana iya sarrafa lokacin impregnation da adadin maganin da aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar daidaita saurin rollers da nisa tsakanin rollers don samun kayan haɗin gwal na Ag / PVA / PP da ake so.
An yi nazarin ilimin halittar jikin nama ta amfani da na'urar duban lantarki ta VEGA3 (SEM; Japan Electronics, Japan) a saurin ƙarfin lantarki na 5 kV. An yi nazarin tsarin crystal na nanoparticles na azurfa ta hanyar X-ray diffraction (XRD; Bruker, D8 Advanced, Jamus; Cu Kα radiation, λ = 0.15418 nm; ƙarfin lantarki: 40 kV, halin yanzu: 40 mA) a cikin kewayon 10-80 °. 2 θ. An yi amfani da Na'urar Canjin Infrared spectrometer Fourier (ATR-FTIR; Nicolet 170sx, Thermo Fisher Scientific Incorporation) don nazarin halayen sinadarai na masana'anta na polypropylene da aka gyara. Abubuwan gyara PVA na kayan yadudduka na Ag/PVA/PP an auna su ta hanyar bincike na thermogravimetric (TGA; Mettler Toledo, Switzerland) ƙarƙashin rafin nitrogen. An yi amfani da inductively haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe na plasma taro (ICP-MS, ELAN DRC II, Perkin-Elmer (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd.) don tantance abun ciki na azurfa na yadudduka masu haɗe-haɗe na Ag/PVA/PP.
The iska permeability da ruwa tururi watsa kudi na Ag / PVA / PP hada masana'anta (ƙayyade: 78 × 50cm2) an auna ta wani ɓangare na uku gwajin hukumar (Tianfangbiao Standardization Certification da Testing Co., Ltd.) daidai da GB / T. 5453-1997 da GB/T 12704.2-2009. Ga kowane samfurin, ana zaɓar maki daban-daban guda goma don gwaji, kuma bayanan da hukumar ta bayar shine matsakaicin maki goma.
Ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta na Ag/PVA/PP na masana'anta masu haɗaka an auna su daidai da ka'idodin Sinanci GB/T 20944.1-2007 da GB/T 20944.3- ta yin amfani da hanyar yaduwar farantin agar (binciken inganci) da hanyar girgiza flask (binciken ƙima). . bi da bi a cikin 2008. Ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta na Ag/PVA/PP na masana'anta masu haɗaka da Escherichia coli an ƙaddara su a lokuta daban-daban na wankewa. Don hanyar rarraba farantin agar, gwajin gwaji na Ag/PVA/PP an naushi a cikin faifai (diamita: 8 mm) ta amfani da naushi kuma an haɗa shi zuwa ga abincin agar Petri wanda aka sanya tare da Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). ; 3.4 × 108 CFU ml-1) sannan a sanya shi a 37 ° C da 56% zafi na kusan awanni 24. An bincika yankin hanawa a tsaye daga tsakiyar diski zuwa kewayen ciki na yankunan da ke kewaye. Yin amfani da hanyar walƙiya ta girgiza, an shirya farantin lebur 2 × 2 cm2 daga masana'anta da aka gwada Ag/PVA/PP kuma an sanya shi a cikin yanayin broth a 121 ° C da 0.1 MPa na mintuna 30. Bayan autoclaving, samfurin da aka nutsar a cikin wani 5-mL Erlenmeyer flask dauke da 70 mL na broth maganin al'ada (dakatar da taro 1 × 105-4 × 105 CFU / mL) sa'an nan incubated a wani oscillating zafin jiki na 150 ° C. rpm da 25 ° C na 18 hours. Bayan girgiza, tattara adadin dakatarwar kwayan cuta kuma a tsoma shi sau goma. Tattara adadin da ake buƙata na dakatarwar kwayan cuta, yada shi akan matsakaicin agar da al'ada a 37 ° C da 56% zafi dangi na awanni 24. Ƙididdigar ƙididdige tasiri na ƙwayoyin cuta shine: \ (\frac{\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{A}}{\mathrm{C}}\cdot 100\%\), inda C da A sune adadin mazauna bayan sa'o'i 24, bi da bi. Haɓaka cikin ƙungiyar sarrafawa da nama mai haɗaka Ag/PVA/PP.
An kimanta dorewar kayan haɗin gwanon Ag/PVA/PP ta hanyar wanka bisa ga ISO 105-C10:2006.1A. A lokacin wankewa, nutsar da gwajin gwaji Ag / PVA / PP masana'anta (30x40mm2) a cikin wani bayani mai ruwa wanda ya ƙunshi kayan aikin kasuwanci (5.0g / L) da kuma wanke shi a 40 ± 2 rpm da 40 ± 5 rpm / min. babban gudun. °C 10, 20, 30, 40 da 50 hawan keke. Bayan wanka, ana wanke masana'anta sau uku da ruwa kuma a bushe a zazzabi na 50-60 ° C na minti 30. An auna canjin abun ciki na azurfa bayan wankewa don sanin matakin aikin ƙwayoyin cuta.
Hoto na 1 yana nuna zane-zane na ƙirƙira na masana'anta na Ag/PVA/PP. Wato, kayan da ba sa saka PP ana nutsar da su a cikin wani cakudaccen bayani na PVA da glucose. An bushe kayan da ba a saka da PP ba don gyara mai gyarawa da rage wakili don samar da shingen rufewa. Busasshen masana'anta na polypropylene wanda ba a saka ba yana nutsewa a cikin maganin ammoniya na azurfa don adana nanoparticles na azurfa a wurin. Ƙaddamar da mai gyara, rabon molar glucose zuwa ammonia na azurfa, ƙaddamar da ammoniya na azurfa da yawan zafin jiki yana rinjayar hazo na Ag NPs. abubuwa ne masu mahimmanci. Hoto 2a yana nuna dogaro da kusurwar lamba ta ruwa na masana'anta Ag/PVA/PP akan maida hankali mai gyara. Lokacin da maida hankali mai canzawa ya karu daga 0.5 wt.% zuwa 1.0 wt.%, kusurwar lamba na masana'anta Ag / PVA / PP yana raguwa sosai; lokacin da maida hankali mai gyara ya ƙaru daga 1.0 wt.% zuwa 2.0 wt.%, kusan baya canzawa. Hoto 2 b yana nuna hotunan SEM na filaye na PP masu tsabta da kayan Ag / PVA / PP da aka shirya a 50 mM azurfa ammonia taro da kuma daban-daban molar rabo na glucose zuwa azurfa ammonia (1: 1, 3: 1, 5: 1, da 9: 1). . hoto. ). Sakamakon PP fiber yana da santsi. Bayan encapsulation tare da fim na PVA, wasu zaruruwa suna manne tare; Saboda shigar da nanoparticles na azurfa, zaruruwa sun zama marasa ƙarfi. Yayin da rabon molar mai ragewa zuwa glucose yana ƙaruwa, ɗigon da aka ajiye na Ag NPs yana ƙaruwa sannu a hankali, kuma yayin da rabon molar ya karu zuwa 5: 1 da 9: 1, Ag NPs suna haifar da tarawa. Hotunan macroscopic da microscopic na fiber na PP sun zama mafi daidaituwa, musamman lokacin da ma'aunin ragi na rage wakili zuwa glucose shine 5: 1. Hotunan dijital na samfurori masu dacewa da aka samu a 50 mM azurfa ammonia ana nuna su a cikin Hoto S1.
Canje-canje a cikin kusurwar lamba na ruwa na Ag / PVA / PP masana'anta a daban-daban PVA maida hankali (a), SEM hotuna na Ag / PVA / PP masana'anta samu a azurfa ammonia taro na 50 mM da daban-daban molar rabo na glucose da azurfa ammonia [(b))); (1) PP fiber, (2) PVA / PP fiber, (3) molar rabo 1: 1, (4) molar rabo 3: 1, (5) molar rabo 5: 1, (6) molar rabo 9: 1], X-ray diffraction juna (c) da kuma SEM image (d) na Ag / PVA / PP masana'anta samu a azurfa ammonia, 10M taro, 3 m (1) 5. 30 mm, (4) 50 mm, (5) 90 mM da (6) Ag/PP-30 mM. Yanayin zafin jiki shine 60 ° C.
A cikin siffa. Hoto na 2c yana nuna tsarin diffraction X-ray na masana'anta Ag/PVA/PP. Bugu da ƙari ga diffraction kololuwa na PP fiber 37, hudu diffraction kololuwa a 2θ = ~ 37.8 °, 44.2 °, 64.1 ° da 77.3 ° daidai da (1 1 1), (2 0 0), (2 2 0), Crystal jirgin sama (3 1-1-bangare na cued face azurfa). Yayin da adadin ammonia na azurfa ya karu daga 5 zuwa 90 mM, tsarin XRD na Ag ya zama mai kaifi, daidai da karuwa a cikin crystallinity na gaba. Bisa ga dabarar Scherrer, an ƙididdige girman hatsi na Ag nanoparticles da aka shirya tare da 10 mM, 30 mM da 50 mM azurfa ammonia zuwa 21.3 nm, 23.3 nm da 26.5 nm, bi da bi. Wannan shi ne saboda ƙwayar ammoniya ta azurfa ita ce ke haifar da raguwar amsawa don samar da azurfar ƙarfe. Tare da haɓaka haɓakar ammonia na azurfa, ƙimar nucleation da haɓakar Ag NPs yana ƙaruwa. Hoto na 2d yana nuna hotunan SEM na yadudduka na Ag/PVA/PP da aka samu a wurare daban-daban na Ag ammonia. A cikin adadin ammonia na azurfa na 30 mM, adadin da aka ajiye na Ag NPs ya yi kama da juna. Duk da haka, lokacin da adadin ammoniya na azurfa ya yi yawa, daidaitattun matakan ajiya na Ag NP yana ƙoƙari ya ragu, wanda zai iya zama saboda karfi mai karfi a cikin Ag NP deposition Layer. Bugu da ƙari, nanoparticles na azurfa a saman suna da siffofi guda biyu: mai siffar zobe da scaly. Girman barbashi yana kusan 20-80 nm, kuma girman gefen lamellar yana kusan 100-300 nm (Hoto S2). Ajiye Layer na Ag nanoparticles a saman PP masana'anta da ba a canza ba ba daidai ba ne. Bugu da ƙari, ƙara yawan zafin jiki yana inganta raguwar Ag NPs (Fig. S3), amma yawan zafin jiki mai girma ba ya inganta hazo mai zaɓaɓɓen Ag NPs.
Hoto 3a a cikin tsari yana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙaddamarwar ammonia na azurfa, adadin azurfar da aka ajiye, da aikin ƙwayoyin cuta na masana'anta Ag/PVA/PP da aka shirya. Hoto na 3b yana nuna alamun ƙwayoyin cuta na samfurori a nau'i-nau'i daban-daban na ammonia na azurfa, wanda zai iya nuna halin kwayoyin cutar kai tsaye na samfurori. Lokacin da adadin ammonia na azurfa ya karu daga 5 mM zuwa 90 mM, yawan hazo na azurfa ya karu daga 13.67 g / kg zuwa 481.81 g / kg. Bugu da ƙari, yayin da adadin adadin kuɗin azurfa ya karu, aikin antibacterial akan E. coli da farko yana ƙaruwa sannan ya kasance a babban matakin. Musamman, lokacin da adadin ammonia na azurfa ya kasance 30 mM, adadin adadin azurfa a cikin masana'anta Ag/PVA/PP shine 67.62 g/kg, kuma adadin ƙwayoyin cuta shine 99.99%. kuma zaɓi wannan samfurin a matsayin wakili don halayen tsarin gaba na gaba.
(a) Dangantaka tsakanin matakin aikin ƙwayoyin cuta da adadin Ag Layer da aka yi amfani da shi da ƙaddamar da ammonia na azurfa; (b) Hotunan faranti na al'adar ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda aka ɗauka tare da kyamarar dijital da ke nuna samfurori marasa tushe da samfuran da aka shirya ta amfani da 5 mM, 10 mM, 30 mM, 50 mM da 90 mM azurfa ammonia. Ayyukan Antibacterial na masana'anta Ag/PVA/PP akan Escherichia coli
Hoto 4a yana nuna alamar FTIR / ATR na PP, PVA / PP, Ag / PP da Ag / PVA / PP. Ƙungiyoyin sha na fiber PP mai tsafta a 2950 cm-1 da 2916 cm-1 sun kasance saboda girgizawar girgizawar asymmetric na -CH3 da -CH2- kungiyoyi, kuma a 2867 cm-1 da 2837 cm-1 sun kasance saboda rawar jiki mai mahimmanci na -CH3 da -CH2 kungiyoyin -. -CH3 da -CH2-. Ƙungiyoyin ɗaukar nauyi a 1375 cm-1 da 1456 cm-1 ana danganta su zuwa asymmetric and symmetric vibrations na -CH338.39. Bakan FTIR na fiber Ag/PP yayi kama da na PP fiber. Baya ga rukunin sha na PP, sabon kololuwar ƙima a 3360 cm-1 na masana'anta PVA / PP da Ag / PVA / PP ana danganta shi da shimfidar haɗin hydrogen na ƙungiyar -OH. Wannan yana nuna cewa an yi nasarar amfani da PVA a saman filaye na polypropylene. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayar ƙwayar hydroxyl na Ag / PVA / PP masana'anta yana da rauni fiye da na PVA / PP masana'anta, wanda zai iya zama saboda haɗin gwiwar wasu ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl tare da azurfa.
FT-IR bakan (a), TGA curve (b) da XPS ma'auni bakan (c) na tsantsa PP, PVA / PP masana'anta da Ag / PVA / PP masana'anta, da kuma C 1s bakan na PP (d), PVA / PP PP masana'anta (e) da Ag 3d ganiya (f) na Ag / PVA / PP masana'anta.
A cikin hoto na 4c yana nuna nau'in XPS na PP, PVA / PP, da Ag / PVA / PP yadudduka. Siginar O 1s mai rauni na fiber polypropylene za a iya danganta shi da sinadarin oxygen da aka tallata a saman; Ƙwararriyar C 1s a 284.6 eV an danganta shi zuwa CH da CC (duba Hoto 4d). Idan aka kwatanta da fiber PP mai tsabta, masana'anta na PVA / PP (Fig. 4e) yana nuna babban aiki a 284.6 eV (C-C / C-H), 285.6 eV (C-O-H), 284.6 eV (C-C / C-H), 285.6 eV (C-O-H) = 288-5 eV (C-O-H) da 288-5 eV Bugu da ƙari, ƙirar O 1s na masana'anta na PVA / PP za a iya kusantar da kololuwa biyu a 532.3 eV da 533.2 eV41 (Fig. S4), waɗannan C 1s kololuwa sun dace da C-OH da H-C = O (ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl na PVA da aldehyde glucose group), wanda ya dace da bayanan IR. The Ag/PVA/PP nonwoven masana'anta yana riƙe da bakan O 1s na C-OH (532.3 eV) da HC = O (533.2 eV) (Hoto S5), wanda ya ƙunshi 65.81% (kashi na atomic) C, 22. 89. % O da 11.31% Ag (Fig. S4). Musamman ma, kololuwar Ag 3d5/2 da Ag 3d3/2 a 368.2 eV da 374.2 eV (Fig. 4f) sun kara tabbatar da cewa Ag NPs suna doped a saman masana'anta na PVA/PP42.
TGA masu lankwasa (Fig. 4b) na PP mai tsabta, Ag / PP masana'anta, da kuma masana'anta na Ag / PVA / PP sun nuna cewa suna yin irin wannan tsarin bazuwar thermal, kuma ƙaddamar da Ag NPs yana haifar da ƙananan haɓakar zafin jiki na thermal na PP. fibers PVA/PP fibers (daga 480 °C (PP fibers) zuwa 495 °C), mai yiwuwa saboda samuwar shingen Ag43. A lokaci guda, ragowar adadin samfurori masu tsabta na PP, Ag / PP, Ag / PVA / PP, Ag / PVA / PP-W50 da Ag / PP-W50 bayan dumama a 800 ° C sun kasance 1.32%, 16.26% da 13. 86%. % bi da bi 9.88% da 2.12% (karin W50 anan yana nufin zagayowar wanka 50). Ragowar PP mai tsabta ana danganta shi da ƙazanta, da sauran samfuran da suka rage zuwa Ag NPs, kuma bambancin ragowar adadin samfuran da aka ɗora da azurfa ya kamata ya kasance saboda nau'ikan nanoparticles na azurfa da aka ɗora akan su. Bugu da ƙari, bayan wanke masana'anta na Ag/PP sau 50, ragowar azurfar abun ciki ya ragu da kashi 94.65%, kuma ragowar azurfar abun ciki na Ag/PVA/PP ya ragu da kusan 31.74%. Wannan ya nuna cewa PVA encapsulating shafi iya yadda ya kamata inganta adhesion na AgNPs zuwa PP matrix.
Don kimanta sawa ta'aziyya, an auna iyawar iska da yawan watsa ruwa na masana'anta na polypropylene da aka shirya. Gabaɗaya magana, numfashi yana da alaƙa da yanayin zafi na mai amfani, musamman a cikin yanayi mai zafi da ɗanɗano44. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 5a, karfin iska na PP mai tsabta shine 2050 mm / s, kuma bayan gyaran PVA ya ragu zuwa 856 mm / s. Wannan shi ne saboda fim din PVA da aka kafa a saman filaye na PP da kuma sashin da aka saka yana taimakawa wajen rage raguwa tsakanin zaruruwa. Bayan yin amfani da Ag NPs, haɓakar iska na masana'anta na PP yana ƙaruwa saboda amfani da murfin PVA lokacin amfani da Ag NPs. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarfin numfashi na yadudduka na Ag/PVA/PP yana ƙoƙarin raguwa yayin da adadin ammoniya na azurfa ya karu daga 10 zuwa 50 mmol. Wannan na iya zama saboda gaskiyar cewa kauri na ajiyar kuɗin azurfa yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓakar ammonia na azurfa, wanda ke taimakawa wajen rage yawan pores da yiwuwar tururin ruwa yana wucewa ta cikin su.
(a) Ƙwararren iska na kayan Ag / PVA / PP da aka shirya tare da nau'i daban-daban na ammonia na azurfa; (b) Watsawar tururin ruwa na yadudduka na Ag / PVA / PP da aka shirya tare da nau'i daban-daban na ammonia na azurfa; (c) Abubuwan da ke da yawa masu haɓakawa na ant laf masana'anta / PVA / PP da aka samu a taro daban-daban; (d) Ƙaƙwalwar ƙira na Ag / PVA / PP masana'anta da aka samu a daban-daban na ammonia na azurfa (Ag / PVA / PP masana'anta da aka samu a 30 mM azurfa ammonia taro kuma an nuna) (Kwanta madaidaicin lankwasa na PP yadudduka bayan 40 wanke hawan keke).
Matsakaicin watsa tururin ruwa wani muhimmin alama ce ta yanayin zafi na masana'anta45. Sai dai itace cewa danshi permeability na yadudduka ne yafi rinjayi breathability da surface Properties. Wato iyawar iska ya dogara ne akan adadin pores; Kaddarorin saman suna shafar tasirin danshi na ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic ta hanyar adsorption-diffusion-desorption na kwayoyin ruwa. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na 5b, ƙarancin danshi na fiber PP mai tsabta shine 4810 g / (m2 · 24h). Bayan hatimi tare da murfin PVA, adadin ramuka a cikin fiber na PP yana raguwa, amma ƙarancin danshi na masana'anta na PVA / PP ya karu zuwa 5070 g / (m2 · 24 h), tun da ƙarancin danshi ya fi dacewa da abubuwan da ke faruwa. ba pores. Bayan shigar da AgNPs, an ƙara haɓakar damshin masana'anta na Ag/PVA/PP. Musamman ma, matsakaicin ƙarancin danshi na masana'anta na Ag / PVA / PP da aka samu a cikin ƙwayar ammonia na azurfa na 30 mM shine 10300 g / (m2 · 24h). A lokaci guda, daban-daban permeability na danshi na Ag / PVA / PP yadudduka samu a daban-daban taro na azurfa ammonia iya hade da bambance-bambance a cikin kauri na azurfa ajiya Layer da adadin ta pores.
Abubuwan injiniyoyi na yadudduka suna tasiri sosai ga rayuwar sabis ɗin su, musamman azaman kayan da za'a iya sake amfani da su46. Hoto na 5c yana nuna madaidaicin danniya na masana'anta Ag/PVA/PP. Ƙarfin ƙarfi na PP mai tsabta shine kawai 2.23 MPa, yayin da ƙarfin ƙarfin 1 wt% PVA / PP masana'anta ya karu zuwa 4.56 MPa, yana nuna cewa ƙaddamarwa na PVA PP masana'anta yana taimakawa wajen inganta kayan aikin injiniya. kaddarorin. Ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi da haɓakawa a karyar masana'anta na PVA / PP yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar PVA saboda fim ɗin PVA na iya karya damuwa da ƙarfafa PP fiber. Koyaya, lokacin da maida hankali mai canzawa ya karu zuwa 1.5 wt.%, PVA mai ɗaci yana sa masana'anta polypropylene tauri, wanda ke shafar sawa ta'aziyya sosai.
Idan aka kwatanta da tsabta PP da PVA / PP yadudduka, da tensile ƙarfi da elongation a karya Ag / PVA / PP yadudduka an kara inganta saboda Ag nanoparticles uniformly rarraba a saman PP zaruruwa iya rarraba load47,48. Ana iya ganin cewa ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin Ag / PP ya fi girma fiye da na PP mai tsabta, ya kai 3.36 MPa (Fig. 5d), wanda ya tabbatar da karfi da ƙarfafa tasirin Ag NPs. Musamman ma, masana'anta na Ag / PVA / PP da aka samar a cikin ƙwayar ammonia na azurfa na 30 mM (maimakon 50 mM) yana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin ƙarfi da haɓakawa a lokacin hutu, wanda har yanzu yana da alaƙa da haɗin kai na Ag NPs da kuma haɗin kai. Tari na NPs na azurfa a ƙarƙashin yanayin babban taro na ammonia na azurfa. Bugu da ƙari, bayan hawan wanka na 40, ƙarfin daɗaɗɗen ƙarfi da elongation a karya na Ag / PVA / PP masana'anta da aka shirya a 30 mM azurfa ammonia taro ya ragu da 32.7% da 26.8%, bi da bi (Fig. 5d), wanda zai iya haɗuwa da ƙananan asarar nanoparticles na azurfa da aka ajiye bayan wannan.
Figures 6a da b suna nuna hotunan kyamara na dijital na masana'anta na Ag/PVA/PP da kuma masana'anta Ag/PP bayan wankewa don 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, da 50 hawan keke a 30 mM azurfa ammonia taro. Dark launin toka Ag/PVA/PP masana'anta da Ag/PP masana'anta sannu a hankali zama haske launin toka bayan wanka; kuma canjin launi na farko yayin wankewa ba ya da mahimmanci kamar na na biyu. Bugu da ƙari, idan aka kwatanta da masana'anta na Ag / PP, abun ciki na azurfa na kayan Ag / PVA / PP ya ragu a hankali a hankali bayan wankewa; bayan wanke sau 20 ko fiye, tsohon ya riƙe mafi girma abun ciki na azurfa fiye da na baya (Fig. 6c). Wannan yana nuna cewa ƙaddamar da zaruruwan PP tare da murfin PVA na iya haɓaka haɓakar mannewar Ag NPs zuwa filayen PP. Hoto 6d yana nuna hotunan SEM na masana'anta na Ag/PVA/PP da kuma masana'anta Ag/PP bayan wankewa don hawan 10, 40, da 50. Yadudduka na Ag/PVA/PP suna samun ƙarancin asarar Ag NP yayin wankewa fiye da yadudduka na Ag/PP, kuma saboda murfin PVA yana taimakawa haɓaka mannewar Ag NPs zuwa filayen PP.
(a) Hotunan masana'anta na Ag / PP da aka ɗauka tare da kyamarar dijital (wanda aka ɗauka a 30 mM azurfa ammonia maida hankali) bayan wankewa don 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 da 50 hawan keke (1-6); (b) Ag / PVA / PP Hotuna na masana'anta da aka ɗauka tare da kyamarar dijital (wanda aka ɗauka a 30 mM azurfa ammonia maida hankali) bayan wankewa don 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 da 50 hawan keke (1-6); (c) Canje-canje a cikin abin da ke cikin azurfa na yadudduka guda biyu a cikin zagayowar wanka; (d) Hotunan SEM na masana'anta na Ag/PVA/PP (1-3) da kuma masana'anta Ag/PP (4-6) bayan 10, 40 da 50 na hawan wanka.
Hoto 7 yana nuna ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta da Hotunan kyamara na dijital na kayan yadudduka na Ag/PVA/PP akan E. coli bayan 10, 20, 30 da 40 sake zagayowar wanka. Bayan 10 da 20 wankewa, aikin antibacterial na kayan yadudduka na Ag/PVA/PP ya kasance a 99.99% da 99.93%, yana nuna kyakkyawan aikin antibacterial. Matsayin ƙwayoyin cuta na masana'anta na Ag/PVA/PP ya ragu kaɗan bayan 30 da 40 sau na wankewa, wanda ya faru ne saboda asarar AgNP bayan wankewa na dogon lokaci. Koyaya, ƙimar ƙwayar cuta ta Ag/PP masana'anta bayan wankewar 40 shine kawai 80.16%. A bayyane yake cewa tasirin maganin rigakafi na masana'anta na Ag/PP bayan hawan wanka 40 ya fi na Ag/PVA/PP masana'anta.
(a) Matsayin aikin ƙwayoyin cuta akan E. coli. (b) Don kwatanta, ana nuna hotunan masana'anta na Ag/PVA/PP da aka ɗauka tare da kyamarar dijital bayan wanke masana'anta na Ag/PP a 30 mM azurfa ammonia taro don 10, 20, 30, 40 da 40 hawan keke.
A cikin siffa. Hoto 8 da tsari yana nuna ƙirƙira manyan masana'anta na Ag/PVA/PP ta amfani da hanyar mirgina mai hawa biyu. Wato, an jiƙa maganin PVA/glucose a cikin firam ɗin nadi na wani ɗan lokaci, sannan a fitar da shi, sannan a sanya shi tare da maganin ammonia na azurfa kamar yadda ake samun masana'anta na Ag/PVA/PP. (Hoto na 8 a). Sakamakon Ag/PVA/PP masana'anta har yanzu yana riƙe kyakkyawan aikin ƙwayoyin cuta ko da an bar shi har shekara 1. Don manyan sikelin shirye-shirye na yadudduka na Ag/PVA/PP, sakamakon PP nonwovens an saka su cikin ci gaba da jujjuyawar tsari sannan kuma an wuce ta hanyar PVA/glucose bayani da maganin ammonia na azurfa bi da bi kuma ana sarrafa su. hanyoyi biyu. Bidiyo da aka makala. Ana sarrafa lokacin impregnation ta hanyar daidaita saurin abin nadi, kuma ana sarrafa adadin adadin adsorbed ta hanyar daidaita nesa tsakanin rollers (Fig. 8b), don haka samun maƙasudin Ag / PVA / PP masana'anta mara nauyi na babban girman (50 cm × 80 cm). ) da tarin abin nadi. Dukan tsari yana da sauƙi kuma mai inganci, wanda ya dace da samar da manyan ayyuka.
Tsarin tsari na samar da manyan samfuran niyya (a) da zane-zane na tsarin nadi don samarwa Ag/PVA/PP kayan da ba sa saka (b).
PVA/PP mara sakan mai ɗauke da Azurfa ana samar da su ta amfani da fasaha mai sauƙi a cikin-wuri na ajiyar lokaci haɗe tare da hanyar birgima. Idan aka kwatanta da PP masana'anta da PVA / PP masana'anta, da inji Properties na tattalin Ag / PVA / PP nonwoven masana'anta an inganta sosai saboda PVA sealing Layer iya muhimmanci inganta manne Ag NPs zuwa PP zaruruwa. Bugu da ƙari, adadin nauyin PVA da abun ciki na NPs na azurfa a cikin masana'anta na Ag / PVA / PP wanda ba a saka ba za'a iya sarrafa shi da kyau ta hanyar daidaita matakan PVA / glucose da bayani na ammonia na azurfa. Musamman, Ag / PVA / PP nonwoven masana'anta da aka shirya ta amfani da 30 mM azurfa ammonia bayani ya nuna mafi kyawun kayan aikin injiniya kuma yana riƙe da kyakkyawan aiki na antibacterial akan E. coli ko da bayan 40 wanke hawan keke, yana nuna mai kyau anti-fouling m. PP kayan da ba a saka ba. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran bayanan wallafe-wallafe, masana'anta da muka samu ta amfani da hanyoyi masu sauƙi sun nuna mafi kyawun juriya ga wankewa. Bugu da kari, da sakamakon Ag / PVA / PP nonwoven masana'anta yana da manufa danshi permeability da sanye ta'aziyya, wanda zai iya sauƙaƙe ta aikace-aikace a masana'antu aikace-aikace.
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Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-26-2023