Bayan barkewar cutar sankara ta coronavirus, mutane da yawa sun fahimci muhimmiyar rawar da abin rufe fuska yake. Don haka, waɗannan ilimin kimiyya game da abin rufe fuska. Kun sani?
Yadda za a zabi abin rufe fuska?
Dangane da ƙira, idan an sanya matsayi gwargwadon fifikon ikon kariya na mai sawa (daga sama zuwa ƙasa): Masks na N95>Masu aikin tiyata>Masu-mashin lafiya na yau da kullun>Mashin auduga na yau da kullun.
Ga sabon labari coronavirus kamuwa da ciwon huhu, abin rufe fuska na likitanci da abin rufe fuska tare da tace abubuwan da ba mai mai girma ko daidai da 95%, kamar N95, KN95, DS2, FFP2, suna da tasirin toshewa.
Rarraba masks na likita
A halin yanzu, abin rufe fuska na likitanci a kasar Sin an raba shi zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan), a halin yanzu an kasu da abin rufe fuska na likitanci, da abin rufe fuska na likitanci da aka saba amfani da shi a cikin wuraren aiki da bala'i kamar dakunan tiyata da kuma abin rufe fuska na yau da kullun na likitanci.
Kayan kayan aikin likitanci
Yawancin lokaci muna cewa masks an yi su ne da kayan da ba a saka ba, wanda ba a saka ba idan aka kwatanta da masana'anta. Ya ƙunshi madaidaitan zaruruwa ko bazuwar zaruruwa. Musamman ga abin rufe fuska, duk albarkatun su polypropylene (PP), kuma masks na likitanci gabaɗaya suna da tsari mai yawa, wanda aka fi sani da tsarin SMS.
Ilimin kimiyya
Polypropylene, wanda kuma aka sani da PP, mara launi ne, mara wari, mara guba, kuma wani abu mai ƙarfi wanda aka kafa ta hanyar polymerization na propylene. Tsarin kwayoyin halitta shine – [CH2CH (CH3)] n -. Ana amfani da polypropylene sosai wajen samar da samfuran fiber kamar su tufafi da barguna, kayan aikin likitanci, motoci, kekuna, sassa, jigilar bututu, kwantenan sinadarai, kuma ana amfani da su a cikin kayan abinci da magunguna.
Daga mahangarabin rufe fuska, Polypropylene high narkewa batu ba saka masana'anta na musamman abu ya zama mafi kyau zabi, samar da polypropylene kayayyakin da wani narke taro kwarara kudi na 33-41g / min, saduwa da misali na sanitary polypropylene ba saka masana'anta.
Za a iya amfani da masana'anta da ba a saka ba daga polypropylene wanda ba saƙa na musamman kayan aiki don zubar da kayan aikin tiyata, zanen gado, abin rufe fuska, murfi, gammaye mai ɗaukar ruwa da sauran samfuran likita da lafiya. Daga cikin su, wadanda ba saƙa masks an yi da biyu yadudduka na fiber ba saƙa masana'anta musamman amfani ga likita da kiwon lafiya dalilai, tare da wani ƙarin Layer na tace fesa zane tare da tacewa da kuma antibacterial sakamako a kan 99.999% kara a tsakiyar, wanda aka welded ta ultrasonic taguwar ruwa.
Mashin likitanci na Antivirus
Abubuwan rufe fuska da za su iya ba da kariya ta ƙwayoyin cuta sun haɗa da abin rufe fuska na likita da abin rufe fuska na N95. Dangane da ma'auni na ƙasa YY 0469-2004 "Bukatun Fasaha don Masks na tiyata", mahimman alamun fasaha waɗanda abin rufe fuska na likitanci dole ne su hadu sun haɗa da ingancin tacewa, ingancin tacewa kwayan cuta, da juriya na numfashi:
Ingantaccen aiki: A ƙarƙashin yanayin iskar iska (30 ± 2) L / mins, haɓakar ƙwayoyin sodium chroride na (0.24 ± 0.066)
Ingantaccen tacewa na ƙwayoyin cuta: A ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayi, ingancin tacewa don Staphylococcus aureus aerosols tare da matsakaicin diamita na (3 ± 0.3) μ m ba zai zama ƙasa da 95% ba;
Juriya na numfashi: A ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙimar ƙimar ingancin tacewa, juriya mai ban sha'awa ba ta wuce 49Pa kuma juriya mai ƙarewa baya wuce 29.4Pa.
Ma'auni na biyu don tabbatar da ingancin tacewa bakteriya shine cewa ingancin tacewa na Staphylococcus aureus bakteriya aerosols bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 95% ba, wanda shine asalin manufar N95. Don haka, duk da cewa abin rufe fuska na N95 ba abin rufe fuska ba ne, amma sun cika ka’idojin aikin tacewa kashi 95% kuma suna iya dacewa da fuskar dan Adam, don haka suna iya taka rawa wajen rigakafin cutar.
Narke busa masana'anta mara saƙa
Babban kayan da ke haifar da tasirin tace ƙwayoyin cuta ga waɗannan nau'ikan masks guda biyu shine mafi kyawun inganci da zane mai tacewa na ciki - narkar da masana'anta mara saƙa.
Babban abu na narke busa masana'anta mara saƙa shine polypropylene, wanda shine kyalle mai kyau na fiber electrostatic wanda zai iya kama ƙura. Lokacin da ɗigon ruwa mai ɗauke da ƙwayar cutar huhu ya kusanci masana'anta da ba a saka ba, za a haɗa su ta hanyar lantarki a saman masana'anta da ba saƙa kuma ba za su iya wucewa ba.
Wannan shine ka'idar wannan kayan keɓance kwayoyin cuta. Bayan ultrafine electrostatic fibers sun kama shi, ƙura yana da matukar wahala a cirewa saboda tsaftacewa, kuma wankewa da ruwa kuma na iya lalata ƙarfin tsotsawar lantarki. Don haka, ana iya amfani da irin wannan mask sau ɗaya kawai. Matakan da suka dace don narke busa tacewa na mashin lebur sun haɗa da: matsakaicin matakin, BFE95 (95% tacewa yadda ya dace), BFE99 (99% ingancin tacewa), VFE95 (99% ingancin tacewa), PFE95 (99% ingancin tacewa), KN90 (90% ingantaccen tacewa).
Musamman abun da ke ciki
Mashin aikin tiyata gabaɗaya ana yin su ne da yadudduka uku na masana'anta mara saƙa. Kayan shine spunbond masana'anta mara saƙa+ narkar da masana'anta mara saƙa+spunbond mara saƙa masana'anta. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da gajerun zaruruwa a cikin Layer ɗaya don haɓaka nau'in fata, wato ES mai zafi-birgima mara saƙa + narkar da masana'anta mara saƙa + spunbond masana'anta mara saƙa. An tsara murfin waje na abin rufe fuska don hana ɗigon ruwa, ana tace tsakiyar Layer, kuma ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya tana ɗaukar danshi. An zaɓi yadudduka narke gabaɗaya don nauyin gram 20.
Nau'in nau'in nau'in kofin N95 ya ƙunshi auduga mai naushi na allura, masana'anta mai narkewa, da masana'anta mara saƙa. Narkewar masana'anta yawanci tana nauyin gram 40 ko ma fiye da haka, kuma tare da kaurin allura da aka buga auduga, ya yi kama da kauri fiye da abin rufe fuska a bayyanar, kuma tasirin kariyarsa na iya kaiwa aƙalla 95%.
Ba a kayyade yadudduka da yawa na abin rufe fuska ba a cikin ma'aunin GB/T 32610 na ƙasa don abin rufe fuska. Idan abin rufe fuska ne na likitanci, yakamata ya kasance yana da aƙalla Layer 3, wanda shine abin da muke kira SMS (2 layers of S Layer and 1 Layer of M Layer). A halin yanzu, mafi girman adadin yadudduka a China shine 5, wanda shine SMMMS (2 layers na S Layer da 3 layers na M Layer). Yin abin rufe fuska ba shi da wahala, amma yin zane na SMMMS yana da wahala. Farashin kayan aikin masana'anta da aka shigo da su ba saƙa ya haura yuan miliyan 100.
S a nan yana wakiltar Layer spunbond, wanda ke da ɗan ƙaramin diamita na fiber kusan 20 micrometers (μm). Layer biyu Sspunbond Layeryafi goyan bayan duk tsarin masana'anta mara saƙa kuma baya da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan kaddarorin shinge.
Mafi mahimmanci Layer a cikin abin rufe fuska shine shinge mai shinge ko narkewar Layer M. Diamita na fiber na narkewar Layer yana da ɗan ƙaramin bakin ciki, kusan 2 micrometers (μ m), don haka kashi ɗaya ne kawai na diamita na spunbond Layer. Wannan yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen hana ƙwayoyin cuta da jini shiga.
Idan akwai yadudduka na S spunbond da yawa, abin rufe fuska zai yi ƙarfi, yayin da idan akwai yadudduka na narkewar M da yawa, numfashi zai yi wahala. Sabili da haka, ana iya amfani da wahalar numfashi a cikin abin rufe fuska don yin hukunci game da tasirin sa. Mafi wahalar numfashi, mafi kyawun tasirin keɓewa. Duk da haka, idan M Layer ya zama fim na bakin ciki, ba ya da numfashi, kuma an toshe ƙwayoyin cuta, amma mutane ba za su iya numfashi ba. Don haka, wannan kuma batu ne na fasaha.
Don mafi kyawun kwatanta batun, za mu kwatanta spunbond Layer S fiber, narkewar Layer M fiber, da gashi a cikin adadi mai zuwa. Ga gashi mai diamita na 1/3, yana kusa da fiber Layer Layer, yayin da gashi mai diamita na 1/30, yana kusa da narkewar Layer M fiber. Tabbas, masu bincike har yanzu suna haɓaka fitattun zaruruwa don tabbatar da ingantattun kaddarorin ƙwayoyin cuta da shinge.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, mafi kyawun Layer M, zai iya toshe shigar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kamar kwayoyin cuta. Misali, N95 yana nufin ikon toshe kashi 95% na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (0.3 microns) a ƙarƙashin yanayin al'ada. Dangane da ma'aunin GB/T 19083 na ƙasa don mashin kariya na likita, ingantaccen tacewa na abin rufe fuska don abubuwan da ba mai mai ya cika buƙatun a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa a ƙimar iskar gas na 85L / min
Tebur 1: Matakan Tacewa na Masks Kariyar Likita
Daga bayanin da ke sama, N95 shine ainihin abin rufe fuska mai Layer 5 wanda aka yi da masana'anta na polypropylene wanda ba a saka SMMMS wanda zai iya tace kashi 95% na barbashi masu kyau.
Dongguan Liansheng Non saka Technology Co., Ltd.an kafa shi a watan Mayu 2020. Babban kamfani ne wanda ba sa saka masana'anta wanda ke haɗa bincike da haɓakawa, samarwa, da tallace-tallace. Yana iya samar da launuka daban-daban na PP spunbond yadudduka maras saka tare da faɗin kasa da mita 3.2 daga gram 9 zuwa 300.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-18-2024