Mahalo no kou kipa ʻana iā Nature.com. ʻO ka mana o ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele āu e hoʻohana nei he kākoʻo CSS palena ʻole. No nā hualoaʻa maikaʻi loa, manaʻo mākou e hoʻohana i kahi mana hou o kāu polokalamu kele pūnaewele (a i ʻole e hoʻopau i ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike ma Internet Explorer). I kēia manawa, e hōʻoia i ke kākoʻo mau ʻana, ke hōʻike nei mākou i ka pūnaewele me ka ʻole styling a JavaScript paha.
I kēia lā, kaulana nā lole hana me nā waiwai antibacterial. Eia nō naʻe, he paʻakikī ka hana ʻana i nā lole hana me ka hana paʻa a paʻa. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka waiʻona Polyvinyl (PVA) e hoʻololi i ka lole nonwoven polypropylene (PP), a laila waiho ʻia nā nanoparticles kālā (AgNPs) ma kahi e hana ai i ka PVA-modified AgNPs-loaded PP (i kapa ʻia ʻo AgNPs). /PVA/PP) lole. ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā fibers PP me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uhi PVA kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻana i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā Ag NP i hoʻouka ʻia i nā fibers PP, a hōʻike ʻo Ag / PVA / PP nonwovens i ka hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻana i nā waiwai mechanical a me ke kū'ē iā Escherichia coli (i kapa ʻia ʻo E. coli). ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻenehana Ag / PVA / PP nonwoven i hana ʻia ma 30mM kala kala amonia, a hiki i ka 99.99% ka pale antibacterial e kū'ē iā E. coli. Hoʻomau ka lole i ka hana antibacterial maikaʻi loa ma hope o 40 holoi ʻana a hiki ke hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. Eia kekahi, ʻo Ag / PVA / PP non-woven fabric he ākea ka noi ʻana i ka ʻoihana ma muli o kona maikaʻi maikaʻi o ka ea a me ka moisture permeability. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomohala mākou i kahi ʻenehana roll-to-roll a hana i ka ʻimi mua e hoʻāʻo ai i ka hiki o kēia ʻano.
Me ka hohonu o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka honua, ua hoʻonui nui ka neʻe ʻana o ka lehulehu i ka hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia ka maʻi virus, e wehewehe pono ana i ke kumu he ikaika ikaika ka coronavirus novel e laha a puni ka honua a paʻakikī ke pale aku i ka1,2,3. I kēia manaʻo, aia kahi koi wikiwiki e hoʻomohala i nā mea antibacterial hou, e like me ka polypropylene (PP) nonwovens, ma ke ʻano he mea pale olakino. ʻO ka lole polypropylene non-woven ka maikaʻi o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka inertness kemika a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa 4, akā ʻaʻohe hiki ke antibacterial, pōkole ke ola lawelawe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. No laila, he mea nui ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā waiwai antibacterial i nā mea nonwoven PP.
Ma ke ʻano he mea hana antibacterial kahiko, ua hele ke kālā ma nā pae ʻelima o ka hoʻomohala ʻana: colloidal silver solution, silver sulfadiazine, silver paʻakai, protein kala a me nanosilver. Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā nanoparticles kālā i nā kula e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau5,6, conductivity7,8,9, hoʻonui ʻia Raman scattering10,11,12, catalytic degradation o dyes13,14,15,16 etc. Ma keʻano, nā nanoparticles kālā (AgNPs) loaʻa nā mea maikaʻi ma luna o nā kumulāʻau antimicrobial kuʻuna e like me ka mea hoʻohuihui antimicrobial e like me ka mea hoʻohuihui ʻia e like me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe antimicrobial e like me ka mea hoʻohuihui ʻia i ka trimicrobial. ke kū'ē bacteria, kūpaʻa, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka ʻae ʻia o ke kaiapuni17,18,19. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā nanoparticles kālā me ka nui kikoʻī kikoʻī a me ka hana antibacterial kiʻekiʻe i nā lole huluhulu20, nā lole pulupulu21,22, nā lole polyester a me nā lole ʻē aʻe e hoʻokō ai i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā ʻāpana kālā antibacterial23,24. ʻO ke ʻano kēia ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā AgNP, hiki ke hana i nā lole PP me ka hana antibacterial. Eia naʻe, nele ka PP nonwovens i nā hui hana a loaʻa ka polarity haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole kūpono i ka encapsulation o AgNPs. No ka lanakila ʻana i kēia drawback, ua hoʻāʻo kekahi poʻe noiʻi e waiho i nā nanoparticles Ag ma ka ʻili o nā lole PP me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hoʻololi like ʻole me ka spraying plasma26,27, radiation grafting28,29,30,31 a me ka uhi uhi32. No ka laʻana, Goli et al. [33] ua hoʻokomo i kahi pale protein ma ka ʻili o ka lole PP nonwoven, hiki i nā amino acids ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka papa protein ke lilo i mau heleuma no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā AgNP, a laila e loaʻa ai nā waiwai antibacterial maikaʻi. hana. Ua ʻike ʻo Li a me nā hoa hana 34 ʻo N-isopropylacrylamide a me N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride i hui pū ʻia e ka ultraviolet (UV) etching i hōʻike i ka hana antimicrobial ikaika, ʻoiai he paʻakikī ke kaʻina hana etching UV a hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā waiwai mechanical. nā pulupulu. . Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻo Oliani et al i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni gel Ag NPs-PP me ka hana antibacterial maikaʻi loa ma ka hana mua ʻana i ka PP maʻemaʻe me ka gamma irradiation; akā, paʻakikī hoʻi kā lākou ʻano hana. No laila, he paʻakikī ka hana ʻana i nā polypropylene nonwovens me ka hana antimicrobial makemake ʻia.
I loko o kēia noiʻi ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka waiʻona polyvinyl, kahi membrane kūlohelohe a me nā kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa me ka hiki ke hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni maikaʻi, hydrophilicity kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kūpaʻa kino maikaʻi a me ke kemika, hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻololi i nā lole polypropylene. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Glucose ma ke ʻano he mea hōʻemi36. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikehu ʻili o ka PP i hoʻololi ʻia e hāpai i ka waiho ʻana o nā AgNPs koho. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka lole PP maʻemaʻe, ua hōʻike ka lole Ag / PVA / PP i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i ka recyclability maikaʻi, ka hana antibacterial maikaʻi loa e kūʻē iā E. coli, nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi ma hope o 40 holoi ʻana, a me ka hanu nui, ka wahine a me ka moisture permeability.
ʻO ka PP nonwoven fabric me ka umekaumaha kikoʻī o 25 g/m2 a me ka mānoanoa o 0.18 mm i hāʻawi ʻia e Jiyuan Kangʻan Sanitary Materials Co., Ltd. (Jiyuan, Kina) a ʻoki ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana e ana ana i 5 × 5 cm2. Ua kūʻai ʻia ka nitrate kala (99.8%; AR) mai Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd. (Shantou, Kina). Ua kūʻai ʻia ʻo Glucose mai Fuzhou Neptune Fuyao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Fuzhou, Kina). Ua kūʻai ʻia ka waiʻona Polyvinyl (ʻoihana ʻoihana reagent) mai Tianjin Sitong Chemical Factory (Tianjin, Kina). Hoʻohana ʻia ka wai deionized ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe a holoi ʻia a hoʻomākaukau ʻia i loko o kā mākou hale hana. Ua kūʻai ʻia ka meaʻai agar a me ka broth mai Beijing Aoboxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, Kina). Ua kūʻai ʻia ʻo E. coli strain (ATCC 25922) mai Zhangzhou Bochuang Company (Zhangzhou, Kina).
Ua holoi ʻia ka ʻiʻo PP me ka ultrasound i ka ethanol no 15 mau minuke. Hoʻohui ʻia ka PVA hopena i ka wai a hoʻomehana ʻia ma 95 ° C no 2 mau hola e loaʻa ai kahi hopena wai. A laila ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka glucose i 10 ml o ka hopena PVA me ka hapa nui o 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0% a me 1.5%. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lole polypropylene nonwoven i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i loko o kahi solution PVA/glucose a hoʻomehana ʻia ma 60 ° C no 1 hola. Ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hoʻomehana ʻana, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka lole nonwoven PP-impregnated mai ka PVA/glucose solution a maloʻo ma 60 ° C no 0.5 h e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni PVA ma ka ʻili o ka pūnaewele, a laila e loaʻa ai ka PVA/PP composite. lole lole.
Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka nitrate kālā i loko o 10 ml o ka wai me ka hoʻoulu ʻana mau i ka mahana o ka lumi a hoʻohui ʻia ka amonia i ka dropwise a hiki i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka haʻina mai ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻeleʻele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo hou no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka solution ammonia kālā (5-90 mM). E kau i ka lole i ulana ole PVA/PP i loko o ka solution ammonia kala a e wela ia ma 60°C no 1 hora e hana ai i Ag nanoparticles in situ ma ka ili o ka lole, alaila holoi me ka wai ekolu manawa a maloo ma 60°C. C no 0.5 mau hola e loaʻa ai ka lole hoʻohui Ag/PVA/PP.
Ma hope o nā hoʻokolohua mua, kūkulu mākou i nā mea ʻōwili i ka ʻōwili i loko o ka hale hana no ka hana nui ʻana i nā lole hui. Hana ʻia nā wili i ka PTFE e pale i nā hopena ʻino a me ka haumia. I loko o kēia kaʻina hana, hiki ke hoʻomaluʻia ka manawa impregnation a me ka nui o ka hopena adsorbed ma ka hoʻololiʻana i ka wikiwiki o nā'ōwili a me ka mamao ma waena o nā'ōwili e loaʻa ai ka Ag / PVA / PP i makemakeʻia.
Ua aʻo ʻia ka morphology surface surface me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi microscope electron scanning VEGA3 (SEM; Japan Electronics, Iapana) ma ka uila wikiwiki o 5 kV. Ua kālailai ʻia ke ʻano aniani o nā nanoparticles kālā e ka ʻokiʻoki X-ray (XRD; Bruker, D8 Advanced, Kelemānia; Cu Kα radiation, λ = 0.15418 nm; voltage: 40 kV, i kēia manawa: 40 mA) ma ka laulā o 10-80 °. 2θ. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (ATR-FTIR; Nicolet 170sx, Thermo Fisher Scientific Incorporation) no ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano kemika o ka lole polypropylene i hoʻololi ʻia i ka ʻili. Ua ana ʻia ka maʻiʻo PVA modifier o Ag/PVA/PP composite e ka thermogravimetric analysis (TGA; Mettler Toledo, Switzerland) ma lalo o ke kahawai nitrogen. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, ELAN DRC II, Perkin-Elmer (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd.) no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka ʻike kālā o nā lole huila Ag/PVA/PP.
Ua ana ʻia ka ea a me ka wai mahu o Ag/PVA/PP composite fabric (specification: 78×50cm2) e kahi hui hoʻokolohua ʻekolu (Tianfangbiao Standardization Certification and Testing Co., Ltd.) e like me GB/T. 5453-1997 a me GB/T 12704.2-2009. No kēlā me kēia laʻana, koho ʻia nā helu ʻokoʻa he ʻumi no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, a ʻo ka ʻikepili i hāʻawi ʻia e ka ʻoihana ka awelika o nā helu ʻumi.
Ua ana ʻia ka hana antibacterial o Ag/PVA/PP composite fabric e like me nā kūlana Kina GB/T 20944.1-2007 a me GB/T 20944.3- me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano diffusion plate agar (qualitative analysis) a me ke ʻano o ka haʻalulu (quantitative analysis). . ʻO kēlā me kēia ma 2008. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka hana antibacterial o Ag / PVA / PP composite fabric e kū'ē iā Escherichia coli i nā manawa holoi like ʻole. No ke kaʻina hoʻopuʻi ʻana o ka pā agar, hoʻāʻo ʻia ka lole Ag/PVA/PP i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi disk (diameter: 8 mm) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kuʻi a hoʻopili ʻia i kahi pā Petri agar i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). ; 3.4 × 108 CFU ml-1) a laila hoʻomoʻa ʻia ma 37°C a me 56% haʻahaʻa pili no kahi o 24 mau hola. Ua kālailai ʻia ka ʻāpana o ka inhibition mai ke kikowaena o ka diski a i ka ʻapo o loko o nā kolone a puni. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano o ka haʻalulu haʻalulu, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi pā pālahalaha 2 × 2 cm2 mai ka lole i hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻo Ag/PVA/PP a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi wahi broth ma 121°C a me 0.1 MPa no 30 mau minuke. Ma hope o ka autoclaving, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka hāpana i loko o ka ipu Erlenmeyer 5-mL i loaʻa he 70 mL o ka solution moʻomeheu broth (ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o 1 × 105-4 × 105 CFU/mL) a laila hoʻomoʻa ʻia ma kahi mahana oscillating o 150 °C. rpm a me 25 ° C no 18 mau hola. Ma hope o ka lulu ʻana, e hōʻiliʻili i kahi nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka bacteria a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia he ʻumi. E hōʻiliʻili i ka nui i makemake ʻia o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi bacterial, hoʻolaha ma luna o ka media agar a me ka moʻomeheu ma 37°C a me 56% haʻahaʻa pili no 24 mau hola. ʻO ke kumu no ka helu ʻana i ka pono antibacterial ʻo ia: \(\frac{\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{A}}{\mathrm{C}}\cdot 100\%\), kahi o C a me A ka helu o nā kolone ma hope o 24 hola, pakahi. Hoʻoulu ʻia i loko o ka pūʻulu mana a me Ag / PVA / PP composite tissue.
Ua loiloi ʻia ka lōʻihi o nā lole hui Ag/PVA/PP ma ka holoi ʻana e like me ISO 105-C10:2006.1A. I ka wā o ka holoi ʻana, e hoʻokomo i ka lole hoʻāʻo Ag/PVA/PP (30x40mm2) i loko o kahi wai hoʻoheheʻe i loaʻa ka mea holoi ʻoihana (5.0g/L) a holoi iā ia ma 40±2 rpm a me 40±5 rpm / min. kiʻekiʻe ka māmā holo. °C 10, 20, 30, 40 a me 50 pōʻai. Ma hope o ka holoiʻana, holoiʻia ka lole iʻekolu manawa me ka wai a maloʻo ma kahi mahana o 50-60 ° C no 30 mau minuke. Ua ana ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kālā ma hope o ka holoi ʻana e hoʻoholo ai i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hana antibacterial.
Hōʻike ka Figure 1 i ke kiʻikuhi schematic o ka hana ʻana o ka lole hui Ag / PVA / PP. ʻO ia hoʻi, hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea nonwoven PP i loko o kahi hopena hui ʻia o PVA a me ka glucose. Hoʻomaloʻoʻia ka PP-impregnated non-woven mea e hoʻoponopono ai i ka mea hoʻololi a me ka mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa e hana i kahi papa sila. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lole polypropylene nonwoven maloʻo i loko o kahi solution ammonia kālā e waiho ai i nā nanoparticles kālā ma kahi. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka mea hoʻololi, ka molar ratio o ka glucose i ke kālā amonia, ka ʻike o ka amonia kālā a me ka mahana hopena e pili ana i ka ua o Ag NPs. he mau kumu nui. Hōʻike ka Figure 2a i ka hilinaʻi o ka huina pili wai o ka lole Ag / PVA / PP ma ka hoʻololi hoʻololi. Ke piʻi aʻe ka manaʻo hoʻololi mai ka 0.5 wt.% a i ka 1.0 wt.%, e emi nui ka huina pili o ka lole Ag / PVA / PP; ke piʻi ka manaʻo hoʻololi mai 1.0 wt.% a i 2.0 wt.%, ʻaʻole ia e loli. Hōʻike ka Figure 2 b i nā kiʻi SEM o nā pulu PP maʻemaʻe a me nā lole Ag / PVA / PP i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma 50 mM kala kala amonia a me nā ʻano molar like ʻole o ka glucose i ke kālā amonia (1:1, 3:1, 5:1, a me 9:1). . kiʻi. ). He maʻalahi ka hopena o ka fiber PP. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni PVA, hoʻopili ʻia kekahi mau fibers; Ma muli o ka waiho ʻia ʻana o nā nanoparticles kālā, lilo nā fibers i mea ʻala. I ka piʻi ʻana o ka ratio molar o ka mea hoʻemi i ka glucose, e mānoanoa ka papa i waiho ʻia o Ag NPs, a i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ratio molar i 5:1 a me 9:1, ʻo Ag NPs e hana i nā aggregates. ʻO nā kiʻi macroscopic a me nā kiʻi microscopic o ka fiber PP e lilo i mea like, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ratio molar o ka mea hoʻemi i ka glucose he 5:1. Hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻi kikohoʻe o nā laʻana like i loaʻa ma 50 mM kala amonia ma ke Kiʻi S1.
ʻO nā hoʻololi i ka huina pili wai o ka lole Ag / PVA / PP ma nā ʻāpana PVA like ʻole (a), nā kiʻi SEM o ka lole Ag / PVA / PP i loaʻa ma kahi ʻāpana amonia kālā o 50 mM a me nā ʻano molar like ʻole o ka glucose a me ke kālā amonia [(b))); (1) PP puluniu, (2) PVA/PP puluniu, (3) molar lākiō 1:1, (4) molar lākiō 3:1, (5) molar lākiō 5:1, (6) molar lākiō 9: 1], X-ray diffraction kumu (c) a me SEM kiʻi (d) o Ag/PVA/PP lole i loaʻa ma ke kala amonia m3, (M01) m2 kuʻina: (1,M0) m2. 30 mM, (4) 50 mM , (5) 90 mM a me (6) Ag/PP-30 mM. ʻO 60°C ka wela o ka hopena.
Ma ka Fig. Hōʻike ka Figure 2c i ke kumu hoʻohālikelike X-ray o ka lole Ag / PVA / PP i loaʻa. Ma waho aʻe o ka diffraction peak o PP puluniu 37, eha diffraction peaks ma 2θ = ~ 37.8°, 44.2°, 64.1° a me 77.3° kulike me (1 1 1), (2 0 0), (2 2 0), Crystal plane (3 1 1 1) o cubic maka nanoicles. Ke piʻi aʻe nei ka nui o ka ammonia kālā mai 5 a 90 mM, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi o nā kumu XRD o Ag, e kūlike me ka piʻi ʻana o ka crystallinity. Wahi a Scherrer, ua helu ʻia ka nui o ka palaoa o Ag nanoparticles i hoʻomākaukau ʻia me 10 mM, 30 mM a me 50 mM kala amonia he 21.3 nm, 23.3 nm a me 26.5 nm. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ammonia kala ka mea hoʻoikaika ma hope o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke kala metala. Me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka ammonia kālā, piʻi ka nui o ka nucleation a me ka ulu ʻana o Ag NPs. Hōʻike ka Figure 2d i nā kiʻi SEM o nā lole Ag / PVA / PP i loaʻa ma nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole o Ag amonia. Ma kahi ʻāpana amonia kālā o 30 mM, ʻano homogeneous ka papa i waiho ʻia o Ag NPs. Eia nō naʻe, ke kiʻekiʻe loa ka ʻike ʻana o ka ammonia kala, ʻoi aku ka emi ʻana o ka like ʻole o ka papa waiho ʻana o Ag NP, ʻo ia paha ma muli o ka hoʻohui ikaika ʻana i ka papa deposition Ag NP. Eia kekahi, ʻelua mau ʻano o nā nanoparticles kālā ma ka ʻili: spherical a me scaly. He 20-80 nm ka nui o ka pōpō pōʻai, a ʻo ka nui o ka lamellar ma kahi o 100-300 nm (Figure S2). ʻAʻole kūlike ka papa deposition o Ag nanoparticles ma ka ʻili o ka lole PP unmodified. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahana e hoʻoikaika i ka hōʻemi ʻana o Ag NPs (Fig. S3), akā kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hopena ʻaʻole e hāpai i ka ua koho o Ag NPs.
Hōʻike ka Figure 3a i ka pilina ma waena o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka amonia kala, ka nui o ke kālā i waiho ʻia, a me ka hana antibacterial o ka lole Ag/PVA/PP i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. Hōʻike ka Figure 3b i nā hiʻohiʻona antibacterial o nā laʻana ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka amonia kālā, hiki ke hōʻike pololei i ke kūlana antibacterial o nā laʻana. I ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka ammonia kālā mai 5 mM a 90 mM, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka ua kālā mai 13.67 g/kg a i 481.81 g/kg. Eia kekahi, i ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka deposition kālā, piʻi mua ka hana antibacterial e kūʻē iā E. coli a laila noho ma kahi kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka mea kikoʻī, inā he 30 mM ka nui o ka ammonia kālā, ʻo ka nui o ka waiho ʻana o ke kālā i ka lole Ag/PVA/PP i loaʻa he 67.62 g/kg, a ʻo ka helu antibacterial he 99.99%. a koho i kēia laʻana ma ke ʻano he ʻelele no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke ʻano ma hope.
(a) Ka pilina ma waena o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hana antibacterial a me ka nui o ka papa Ag i hoʻopili ʻia a me ka ʻike o ka amonia kālā; (b) Nā kiʻi o nā papa moʻomeheu bacteria i lawe ʻia me ka pahupaʻikiʻi kikohoʻe e hōʻike ana i nā laʻana hakahaka a me nā laʻana i hoʻomākaukau ʻia me ka 5 mM, 10 mM, 30 mM, 50 mM a me 90 mM kala amonia. ʻO ka hana antibacterial o ka lole Ag / PVA / PP e kū'ē iā Escherichia coli
Hōʻike ka 4a i ka FTIR / ATR spectra o PP, PVA / PP, Ag / PP a me Ag / PVA / PP. ʻO nā puʻupuʻu absorption o ka fiber PP maʻemaʻe ma 2950 cm-1 a me 2916 cm-1 ma muli o ka asymmetric stretching vibration o nā pūʻulu –CH3 a me –CH2-, a ma 2867 cm-1 a me 2837 cm-1 ma muli o ka symmetric stretching vibration o nā hui –CH3 a me –CH2. –CH3 a me –CH2–. Hoʻopili ʻia nā puʻupuʻu absorption ma 1375 cm–1 a me 1456 cm–1 i nā haʻalulu asymmetric a symmetric hoʻololi o –CH338.39. Ua like ka FTIR spectrum o Ag/PP fiber me ka PP fiber. Ma waho aʻe o ka puʻupuʻu absorption o PP, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe absorption hou ma 3360 cm-1 o nā lole PVA/PP a me Ag/PVA/PP e pili ana i ke kau ʻana o ka paʻa hydrogen o ka hui –OH. Hōʻike kēia i ka hoʻopili pono ʻana o PVA i ka ʻili o ka fiber polypropylene. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali o ka hydroxyl absorption peak o ka lole Ag / PVA / PP ma mua o ka lole PVA / PP, ma muli paha o ka hoʻohui ʻana o kekahi mau pūʻulu hydroxyl me ke kālā.
FT-IR spectrum (a), TGA curve (b) a me XPS ana spectrum (c) o PP maemae, PVA/PP lole a me Ag/PVA/PP lole, a me C 1s spectrum o PP maemae (d), PVA/PP PP lole (e) a me Ag 3d peak (f) o Ag/PVA/PP lole.
Ma ka Fig. Hōʻike ka 4c i ka XPS spectra o nā lole PP, PVA / PP, a me Ag / PVA / PP. ʻO ka hōʻailona O 1s nāwaliwali o ka fiber polypropylene maʻemaʻe hiki ke pili i ka mea oxygen i hoʻopili ʻia ma ka ʻili; ka C 1s peak ma 284.6 eV ua pili ia CH a me CC (e nana Kii 4d). Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka fiber PP maʻemaʻe, hōʻike ka lole PVA / PP (Fig. 4e) i ka hana kiʻekiʻe ma 284.6 eV (C–C/C–H), 285.6 eV (C–O–H), 284.6 eV (C–C/C–H), 285.6 eV (C–O–H) a me 288.5 eV (C–O–H) a me 288.5 eV. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka spectrum O 1s o ka lole PVA/PP e ʻelua mau piko ma 532.3 eV a me 533.2 eV41 (Fig. S4), pili kēia mau C 1s i ka C-OH a me H-C = O (nā pūʻulu hydroxyl o PVA a me ka hui glucose aldehyde), i kūlike me ka ʻikepili FTIR. ʻO ka lole Ag / PVA / PP nonwoven e mālama i ka O 1s spectrum o C-OH (532.3 eV) a me HC = O (533.2 eV) (Figure S5), i loko o 65.81% (atomika pakeneka) C, 22. 89. % O a me 11.31% Ag (Fig. S4). ʻO ka mea nui, hōʻoia hou nā kiʻekiʻe o Ag 3d5 / 2 a me Ag 3d3 / 2 ma 368.2 eV a me 374.2 eV (Fig. 4f) ua doped ʻia nā Ag NPs ma ka ʻili o ka lole nonwoven PVA/PP42.
Hōʻike nā kiʻi TGA (Fig. 4b) o ka PP maʻemaʻe, ka lole Ag / PP, a me ka lole Ag / PVA / PP e hele ana lākou i nā kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe wela like, a ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o Ag NPs e alakaʻi i kahi piʻi iki o ka mahana degradation thermal o PP. nā fibers PVA/PP fibers (mai 480 °C (PP fibers) a i 495 °C), ma muli paha o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kahi pale Ag43. I ka manawa like,ʻo nā koena o nā'āpana maʻemaʻe o PP, Ag / PP, Ag / PVA / PP, Ag / PVA / PP-W50 a me Ag / PP-W50 ma hope o ka hoʻomehanaʻana ma 800 ° C he 1.32%, 16.26% a me 13. 86%. % ka 9.88% a me 2.12% (e pili ana ka suffix W50 ma aneʻi i 50 holoi holoi). ʻO ke koena o ka maʻemaʻe PP ua pili i ka haumia, a me ke koena o ke koena Eia kekahi laʻana i Ag NPs, a me ka likeʻole i loko o ke koena nui o nā laʻana i hoʻoukaʻia me ke kala e pono no ka likeʻole o ka nanoparticles kala i hoʻoukaʻia ma luna o lākou. Eia kekahi, ma hope o ka holoi ʻana i ka lole Ag / PP he 50 mau manawa, ua hoʻemi ʻia ke koena kālā ma 94,65%, a ua hoʻemi ʻia ke koena kālā o ka lole Ag / PVA / PP ma kahi o 31,74%. Hōʻike kēia i ka PVA encapsulating coating hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka hoʻopili ʻana o AgNP i ka matrix PP.
No ka loiloi ʻana i ka ʻoluʻolu, ua ana ʻia ka hikiwawe o ka ea a me ka neʻe wai o ka lole polypropylene i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, pili ka hanu i ka hōʻoluʻolu wela o ka mea hoʻohana, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā wahi wela a me ka haʻahaʻa44. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Figure 5a, ʻo ka permeability o ka ea o ka PP maʻemaʻe he 2050 mm / s, a ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana o PVA e emi iho i 856 mm / s. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni PVA i hana ʻia ma ka ʻili o ka fiber PP a me ka ʻāpana i ulana ʻia e kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā āpau ma waena o nā fibers. Ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Ag NPs, piʻi ka ea permeability o ka lole PP ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uhi PVA i ka wā e noi ai iā Ag NPs. Eia kekahi, ke emi nei ka hanu o nā lole Ag / PVA / PP e like me ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka ammonia kālā mai 10 a 50 mmol. ʻO kēia paha ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mānoanoa o ka waihona kālā me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka amonia kala, e kōkua ana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā pores a me ka hiki ke hele ʻia ka mahu wai ma o lākou.
(a) Hiki i ka ea o nā lole Ag/PVA/PP i hoʻomākaukau ʻia me nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole o ka amonia kālā; (b) Hoʻouna ʻia ka mahu wai o nā lole Ag/PVA/PP i hoʻomākaukau ʻia me nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka amonia kālā; (c) Nā mea hoʻololi like ʻole ʻo Tensile curve o Ag Fabric/PVA/PP i loaʻa ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa; (d) Ua hōʻike pū ʻia ka ʻili tensile o ka lole Ag / PVA / PP ma nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa o ka amonia kālā (hōʻike pū ʻia ka lole Ag / PVA / PP i loaʻa ma 30 mM kala ʻona amonia) (E hoʻohālikelike i nā pihi tensile o nā lole PP ma hope o 40 holoi ʻana).
ʻO ka nui o ka lawe ʻana i ka mahu wai kekahi mea hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ka ʻoluʻolu wela o kahi lole45. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ka moisture permeability o nā lole i hoʻopili nui ʻia e ka hanu a me nā waiwai o luna. ʻO ia hoʻi, pili ka ea permeability i ka helu o nā pores; pili ka waiwai o ka ili i ka moisture permeability o nā hui hydrophilic ma o adsorption-diffusion-desorption o nā mole wai. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Figure 5b, ʻo ka moisture permeability o ka fiber PP maʻemaʻe he 4810 g / (m2 · 24h). Ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana me ka uhi ʻana o ka PVA, e emi ana ka nui o nā puka i loko o ka fiber PP, akā hoʻonui ka moisture permeability o ka lole PVA / PP i 5070 g / (m2 · 24 h), no ka mea, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka wai ma muli o nā waiwai o ka ʻili. ʻaʻole pores. Ma hope o ka waiho ʻana o nā AgNPs, ua hoʻonui hou ʻia ka moisture permeability o ka lole Ag / PVA / PP. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ka nui o ka moisture permeability o ka lole Ag / PVA / PP i loaʻa ma kahi ʻāpana amonia kālā o 30 mM ʻo 10300 g / (m2 · 24h). I ka manawa like, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻokoʻa o ka moisture permeability o nā lole Ag / PVA / PP i loaʻa i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka amonia kālā me nā ʻokoʻa o ka mānoanoa o ka papa deposition kālā a me ka helu o kona mau pores.
ʻO nā waiwai mīkini o nā lole e hoʻoikaika ikaika i ko lākou ola lawelawe, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ke ʻano he mea hiki ke hana hou ʻia46. Hōʻike ka 5c i ka pihi koʻikoʻi tensile o ka lole Ag / PVA / PP. ʻO ka ikaika tensile o ka PP maʻemaʻe he 2.23 MPa wale nō, aʻo ka ikaika o ka tensile o 1 wt% PVA / PP lole i hoʻonui nui ʻia i 4.56 MPa, e hōʻike ana i ka encapsulation o ka lole PVA PP e kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻana i kona mau pono mechanical. waiwai. Hoʻonui ka ikaika tensile a me ka elongation i ka haki ʻana o ka lole PVA/PP me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka PVA no ka mea hiki i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni PVA ke wāwahi i ke koʻikoʻi a hoʻoikaika i ka fiber PP. Eia naʻe, ke piʻi aʻe ka manaʻo hoʻololi i ka 1.5 wt.%, ʻo ka PVA sticky e hoʻopaʻa i ka lole polypropylene, kahi e hoʻopilikia nui ai i ka ʻoluʻolu.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā lole PP maʻemaʻe a me PVA / PP, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka tensile ikaika a me ka elongation i ka haki ʻana o nā lole Ag / PVA / PP no ka mea hiki i nā nanoparticles Ag i hoʻokaʻawale like ʻia ma ka ʻili o nā fibers PP hiki ke puʻunaue i ka load47,48. Hiki keʻikeʻia heʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika tensile o Ag / PP fiber ma mua o ka PP maʻemaʻe, hiki i ka 3.36 MPa (Fig 5d), e hōʻoia ana i ka ikaika a me ka ikaika o Ag NPs. ʻO ka mea kūikawā, ʻo ka lole Ag / PVA / PP i hana ʻia ma kahi ʻāpana ammonia kālā o 30 mM (ma kahi o 50 mM) e hōʻike ana i ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe a me ka elongation i ka wā haki, aia nō ia ma muli o ka waiho ʻana o nā Ag NPs a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana like. ʻO ka hui ʻana o nā NP kālā ma lalo o nā kūlana o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka amonia kālā. Eia hou, ma hope o 40 ka holoi 'ana, ua emi iho ka tensile ikaika a me ka elongation ma ka haki ana o Ag/PVA/PP lole i hoomakaukauia ma 30 mM kala ammonia kuʻina e 32.7% a me 26.8%, pakahi (Fig. 5d), e pili ana me ka poho iki o ke kala nanoparticles waiho ma hope o keia.
Hōʻike nā kiʻi 6a a me b i nā kiʻi kiʻi paʻi kiʻi kiʻi o ka lole Ag/PVA/PP a me ka lole Ag/PP ma hope o ka holoi ʻana no 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, a me 50 mau pōʻai ma 30 mM kālā amonia. ʻO ka lole ʻeleʻele Ag/PVA/PP a me ka lole Ag/PP e lilo mālie i hina ma hope o ka holoi ʻana; a ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka mua i ka wā holoi ʻana, ʻaʻole ia e like me ke koʻikoʻi o ka lua. Eia kekahi, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka lole Ag/PP, ua emi mālie ka ʻike kālā o ka lole Ag/PVA/PP ma hope o ka holoi ʻana; ma hope o ka holoi ʻana i 20 a ʻoi aʻe paha mau manawa, ua mālama ka mea mua i kahi mea kālā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka mea hope (Fig. 6c). Hōʻike kēia i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā fibers PP me ka uhi PVA hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hoʻopili ʻana o Ag NPs i nā fibers PP. Hōʻike ka Figure 6d i nā kiʻi SEM o ka lole Ag / PVA / PP a me ka lole Ag / PP ma hope o ka holoi ʻana no 10, 40, a me 50 pōʻai. Loaʻa i nā lole Ag/PVA/PP ka liʻiliʻi o ka nalowale o nā Ag NP i ka wā e holoi ai ma mua o nā lole Ag/PP, no ka mea, kōkua ka PVA encapsulating coating e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻopili ʻana o Ag NPs i nā fibers PP.
(a) Nā kiʻi o ka lole Ag/PP i lawe ʻia me ka pahupaʻikiʻi kikohoʻe (lawe ʻia ma 30 mM kala kala amonia) ma hope o ka holoi ʻana no nā pōʻai 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 a me 50 (1-6); (b) Ag/PVA/PP Nā kiʻi o nā lole i lawe ʻia me ka pahupaʻikiʻi kikohoʻe (lawe ʻia ma 30 mM kala kala amonia) ma hope o ka holoi ʻana no nā pōʻai 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 a me 50 (1-6); (c) Nā hoʻololi i loko o ke kālā maʻiʻo o nā lole ʻelua ma nā kaʻa holoi holoi; (d) Nā kiʻi SEM o ka lole Ag/PVA/PP (1-3) a me ka lole Ag/PP (4-6) ma hope o 10, 40 a me 50 kaʻa holoi holoi.
Hōʻike ka Figure 7 i ka hana antibacterial a me nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi o nā lole Ag/PVA/PP e kūʻē iā E. coli ma hope o 10, 20, 30 a me 40 holoi holoi. Ma hope o 10 a me 20 holoi, ua mau ka hana antibacterial o nā lole Ag / PVA / PP ma 99.99% a me 99.93%, e hōʻike ana i ka hana antibacterial maikaʻi loa. Ua emi iki ka pae antibacterial o ka lole Ag / PVA / PP ma hope o 30 a me 40 manawa o ka holoi ʻana, ma muli o ka nalowale o nā AgNP ma hope o ka holoi lōʻihi. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka helu antibacterial o ka lole Ag / PP ma hope o 40 holoi ʻana he 80.16% wale nō. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hopena antibacterial o ka lole Ag / PP ma hope o 40 holoi holoi ʻana ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka lole Ag / PVA / PP.
(a) Ka pae o ka hana antibacterial kū'ē iā E. coli. (b) No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, hōʻike pū ʻia nā kiʻi o ka lole Ag/PVA/PP i kiʻi ʻia me kahi pahupaʻi kiʻi kiʻi ma hope o ka holoi ʻana i ka lole Ag/PP ma 30 mM kala kala amonia no nā pōʻai he 10, 20, 30, 40 a me 40.
Ma ka Fig. Figure 8 schematically hōʻike i ka hana ʻana o ka lole Ag / PVA / PP nui me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ala ʻelua ʻōwili. ʻO ia hoʻi, ua hoʻomoʻi ʻia ka solution PVA/glucose i loko o ka ʻōwili ʻōwili no kekahi manawa, a laila lawe ʻia i waho, a laila impregnated me ka solution ammonia kālā ma ke ala like e loaʻa ai ka lole Ag/PVA/PP. (Fig. 8a). Ke hoʻomau nei ka lole Ag/PVA/PP i ka hana antibacterial maikaʻi loa inā waiho ʻia no 1 makahiki. No ka hoʻomākaukau nui ʻana o nā lole Ag/PVA/PP, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea nonwovens PP i loaʻa i loko o kahi kaʻina ʻōwili mau a laila hele i loko o kahi solution PVA/glucose a me kahi solution ammonia kālā ma ke kaʻina hana. ʻelua ala. Nā wikiō i hoʻopili ʻia. Hoʻoponoponoʻia ka manawa impregnation ma ka hoʻololiʻana i ka wikiwiki o ka'ōwili, aʻo ka nui o ka adsorbed solution e hoʻoponoponoʻia e ka hoʻololiʻana i ka mamao ma waena o nā wili (Fig. 8b), ma laila e loaʻa ai ka pahu Ag / PVA / PP nonwoven nui (50 cm × 80 cm). ) a me ka huila ohi. ʻO ke kaʻina hana holoʻokoʻa he maʻalahi a maikaʻi hoʻi, kahi kūpono i ka hana nui.
ʻO ke kiʻikuhi schematic o ka hana ʻana i nā huahana pahuhopu nui (a) a me ke kiʻi schematic o ke kaʻina ʻōwili no ka hana ʻana i nā mea nonwoven Ag / PVA / PP (b).
Hana ʻia nā PVA/PP nonwovens me ke kālā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe wai maʻalahi in-situ i hui pū ʻia me ke ala ʻōwili. Ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia me ka lole PP a me ka lole PVA / PP, ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻiʻia nā mea mechanical o ka Ag / PVA / PP nonwoven i hoʻomākaukauʻia no ka mea hiki i ka PVA sealing layer ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hoʻopiliʻana o Ag NPs i nā fibers PP. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻomalu maikaʻi ʻia ka nui o ka hoʻouka ʻana o PVA a me ka ʻike o nā NP kālā i loko o ka lole Ag / PVA / PP nonwoven ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā manaʻo o PVA / glucose solution a me ka solution ammonia kālā. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo Ag/PVA/PP ka lole nonwoven i hoʻomākaukau ʻia me ka 30 mM kala ammonia solution i hōʻike i nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi loa a mālama ʻia ka hana antibacterial maikaʻi loa e kūʻē iā E. coli ma hope o 40 holoi holoi, e hōʻike ana i ka maikaʻi anti-fouling. ʻO ka mea i ulana ʻole ʻia PP. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻikepili palapala ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā lole i loaʻa iā mākou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano maʻalahi i hōʻike ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka holoi ʻana. Eia hou,ʻo ka hopena Ag / PVA / PP nonwoven fabric i kūpono i ka moisture permeability a me kaʻaʻahuʻoluʻolu, hiki ke maʻalahi i kāna noi ma nāʻoihanaʻoihana.
Hoʻohui i nā ʻikepili āpau i loaʻa a i ʻike ʻia i loko o kēia noiʻi (a me kā lākou mau faila ʻike kākoʻo).
Russell, SM et al. ʻO nā biosensors e hakakā i ka ʻino cytokine COVID-19: nā pilikia i mua. ACS Sens. 5, 1506–1513 (2020).
ʻO Zaeem S, Chong JH, Shankaranarayanan V a me Harkey A. COVID-19 a me nā pane he nui. kēia manawa. ninau. Puʻuwai. 45, 100618 (2020).
Zhang R, et al. Hoʻololi ʻia nā manaʻo o ka nui o nā hihia coronavirus ma 2019 ma Kina e ka pae a me nā wahi endemic. mua. lāʻau lapaʻau. 14, 199–209 (2020).
Gao J. et al. Hiki ke hoʻololi, superhydrophobic a me ka conductive nonwoven polypropylene fabric composite material no ka pale ʻana i ka electromagnetic interference. Kemika. ʻenekinia. J. 364, 493–502 (2019).
Raihan M. et al. Ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni polyacrylonitrile / silver nanocomposite multifunctional: hana antibacterial, catalytic activity, conductivity, UV protection and active SERS sensors. J. Mat. punawai. ʻenehana. 9, 9380–9394 (2020).
Dawadi S, Katuwal S, Gupta A, Lamichane U a me Parajuli N. Ka noiʻi o kēia manawa e pili ana i nā nanoparticles kālā: synthesis, characterization a me nā noi. J. Mea Nano. 2021, 6687290 (2021).
ʻO Deng Da, Chen Zhi, Hu Yong, Ma Jian, Tong YDN He kaʻina hana maʻalahi no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka inika conductive ma muli o ke kālā a hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻili koho pinepine. Nanotechnology 31, 105705–105705 (2019).
Hao, Y. et al. Hiki i nā polymers hyperbranched ke hoʻohana i nā nanoparticles kālā ma ke ʻano he stabilizers no ka paʻi ʻana i ka inkjet o nā kaapuni maʻalahi. R. Shuker. Kemika. 43, 2797–2803 (2019).
ʻO Keller P a me Kawasaki HJML Conductive leaf vein network i hana ʻia e ka hui ponoʻī o nā nanoparticles kālā no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻike hiki ke hoʻololi. Mat. Wright. 284, 128937.1-128937.4 (2020).
Li, J. et al. ʻO nā nanospheres silica i hoʻonani ʻia i ka nanoparticle kālā a me nā ʻāpana e like me nā substrate kūpono no ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o Raman i hoʻonui ʻia i ka ʻili. ASU Omega 6, 32879–32887 (2021).
Liu, X. et al. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻili ākea Raman scattering sensor (SERS) me ka paʻa a me ke kūlike o ka hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe. Noi ACS Mat. Nā Interface 12, 45332–45341 (2020).
Sandeep, KG et al. ʻO kahi heterostructure hierarchical o nā fullerene nanorods i hoʻonani ʻia me nā nanoparticles kālā (Ag-FNRs) lawelawe ma ke ʻano he substrate SERS kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa hoʻokahi. physics. Kemika. Kemika. physics. 27, 18873–18878 (2018).
Emam, HE a me Ahmed, HB Ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā nanostructures homemometallic a me heterometallic agar-based i ka wā o ka degradation dye-catalyzed. ka honua. J. Biol. Nā molekala nui. 138, 450–461 (2019).
Emam, HE, Mikhail, MM, El-Sherbiny, S., Nagy, KS a me Ahmed, HB Metal-dependent nanocatalysis no ka hoemi pollutant aromatic. Pōʻakolu. ka ʻepekema. hoʻohaumia. punawai. ka honua. 27, 6459–6475 (2020).
ʻO Ahmed HB a me Emam HE Triple core-shell (Ag-Au-Pd) nanostructures i ulu ʻia mai nā ʻanoʻano ma ka lumi wela no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai. polimer. hoao. 89, 106720 (2020).
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-26-2023