Ua tsaug rau koj tuaj xyuas Nature.com. Cov version ntawm browser koj siv tau txwv CSS kev txhawb nqa. Txhawm rau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, peb pom zoo kom siv lub vev xaib tshiab ntawm koj lub browser (lossis kaw hom kev sib raug zoo hauv Internet Explorer). Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev txhawb nqa tsis tu ncua, peb tab tom nthuav tawm lub xaib tsis muaj styling lossis JavaScript.
Niaj hnub no, cov ntaub ua haujlwm nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog nrov dua. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi tsim nyog ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm zoo ib yam tseem yog qhov nyuaj. Polyvinyl cawv (PVA) tau siv los hloov kho polypropylene (PP) nonwoven npuag, thiab tom qab ntawd nyiaj nanoparticles (AgNPs) tau tso rau hauv qhov chaw los tsim PVA-hloov AgNPs-loaded PP (hu ua AgNPs). / PVA / PP) ntaub. Encapsulation ntawm PP fibers siv PVA txheej pab txhim kho qhov adhesion ntawm loaded Ag NPs rau PP fibers, thiab Ag / PVA / PP nonwovens nthuav tawm cov khoom zoo heev thiab tiv thaiv Escherichia coli (hu ua E. coli). Feem ntau, Ag / PVA / PP nonwoven npuag tsim ntawm 30mM nyiaj ammonia concentration muaj cov khoom siv zoo dua qub, thiab cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob E. coli nce mus txog 99.99%. Cov ntaub tseem khaws cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo heev tom qab 40 ntxuav thiab muaj peev xwm rov siv dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, Ag / PVA / PP non-woven npuag muaj daim ntawv thov dav dav hauv kev lag luam vim nws cov huab cua zoo permeability thiab noo noo permeability. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb kuj tau tsim lub tshuab yob-rau-yob thiab ua qhov kev tshawb fawb ua ntej los ntsuas qhov ua tau ntawm txoj kev no.
Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam, kev txav mus los loj ntawm cov pej xeem tau ua rau muaj kev kis tus kab mob ntau ntxiv, uas piav qhia tias vim li cas tus kab mob coronavirus tshiab muaj peev xwm kis tau thoob ntiaj teb thiab nyuaj los tiv thaiv 1,2,3. Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob tshiab, xws li polypropylene (PP) nonwovens, ua cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv kev kho mob. Polypropylene tsis-woven npuag muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov ceev, tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm, tab sis tsis muaj lub peev xwm tshuaj tua kabmob qis, tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv luv luv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los muab cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob rau PP cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog ntaub.
Raws li ib tug antibacterial neeg sawv cev thaum ub, nyiaj tau mus txog tsib theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob: colloidal nyiaj tov, nyiaj sulfadiazine, nyiaj ntsev, nyiaj protein thiab nanosilver. Cov nyiaj nanoparticles tau siv ntau dua hauv thaj chaw xws li tshuaj 5,6, conductivity7,8,9, deg-enhanced Raman scattering10,11,12, catalytic degradation ntawm dyes13,14,15,16 thiab lwm yam. Hauv particular, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) muaj qhov zoo dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob xws li cov tshuaj ntsev thiab cov tshuaj ntsev. triclosan vim lawv cov kab mob uas yuav tsum tau ua, kev ruaj ntseg, tus nqi qis thiab ib puag ncig kev lees paub17,18,19. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nyiaj nanoparticles nrog thaj tsam loj tshwj xeeb thiab cov kab mob ua kom muaj kab mob siab tuaj yeem txuas rau cov ntaub plaub 20, paj rwb fabrics21,22, polyester fabrics thiab lwm yam ntaub kom ua tiav kev tswj hwm, txhawb kev tso tawm cov kab mob nyiaj 23,24. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias los ntawm encapsulating AgNPs, nws muaj peev xwm tsim PP fabrics nrog antibacterial kev ua si. Txawm li cas los xij, PP nonwovens tsis muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm thiab muaj cov polarity tsawg, uas tsis zoo rau cov encapsulation ntawm AgNPs. Txhawm rau kov yeej qhov teeb meem no, qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau sim tso Ag nanoparticles rau saum npoo ntawm PP fabrics siv ntau txoj kev hloov kho nrog rau cov tshuaj plasma spraying26,27, hluav taws xob grafting28,29,30,31 thiab nto txheej32. Piv txwv li, Goli et al. [33] tau qhia txog cov txheej txheem protein nyob rau saum npoo ntawm PP nonwoven npuag, cov amino acids ntawm lub periphery ntawm cov protein txheej tuaj yeem ua cov ntsiab lus thauj tog rau nkoj rau kev khi ntawm AgNPs, yog li ua tiav cov kab mob zoo. kev ua si. Li thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm 34 tau pom tias N-isopropylacrylamide thiab N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride co-grafted los ntawm ultraviolet (UV) etching pom muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob, txawm hais tias UV etching txheej txheem yog complex thiab tuaj yeem degrade lub zog txhua yam. fibers. . Oliani thiab al npaj Ag NPs-PP gel zaj duab xis nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo heev los ntawm pretreating ntshiab PP nrog gamma irradiation; Txawm li cas los xij, lawv txoj kev kuj nyuaj. Yog li, nws tseem yog ib qho kev sib tw rau kev ua tau zoo thiab yooj yim tsim cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab polypropylene nonwovens nrog kev ua haujlwm antimicrobial.
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, polyvinyl cawv, ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab tus nqi qis membrane cov ntaub ntawv nrog zoo zaj duab xis-tsim muaj peev xwm, siab hydrophilicity, thiab zoo heev lub cev thiab tshuaj stability, yog siv los hloov polypropylene fabrics. Glucose yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev txo qis36. Ib qho kev nce hauv lub zog saum npoo ntawm PP hloov kho txhawb kev xaiv tso nyiaj ntawm AgNPs. Piv nrog cov ntaub PP ntshiab, cov ntaub ntawv Ag / PVA / PP tau npaj tau pom zoo rov ua dua tshiab, ua haujlwm zoo los tiv thaiv kab mob E. coli, cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo txawm tias tom qab 40 lub voj voog ntxhua, thiab ua pa tseem ceeb, kev sib deev thiab dej permeability.
PP nonwoven npuag nrog lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm 25 g / m2 thiab lub thickness ntawm 0.18 hli yog muab los ntawm Jiyuan Kang'an Sanitary Materials Co., Ltd. (Jiyuan, Tuam Tshoj) thiab txiav rau hauv daim ntawv ntsuas 5 × 5 cm2. Silver nitrate (99.8%; AR) tau yuav los ntawm Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd. (Shantou, Suav). Glucose tau yuav los ntawm Fuzhou Neptune Fuyao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Fuzhou, Suav). Polyvinyl cawv (kev lag luam qib reagent) tau yuav los ntawm Tianjin Sitong Chemical Factory (Tianjin, Suav). Cov dej deionized tau siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj los yog yaug thiab tau npaj rau hauv peb chav kuaj. Khoom noj khoom haus agar thiab kua zaub tau yuav los ntawm Beijing Aoboxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, Suav). E. coli hom (ATCC 25922) tau yuav los ntawm Zhangzhou Bochuang Company (Zhangzhou, Suav).
Cov ntaub so ntswg PP tau raug ntxuav nrog ultrasound hauv ethanol rau 15 feeb. Cov txiaj ntsig PVA tau muab tso rau hauv dej thiab rhaub ntawm 95 ° C rau 2 teev kom tau txais cov tshuaj aqueous. Tom qab ntawd cov piam thaj tau yaj hauv 10 ml ntawm cov tshuaj PVA nrog ib feem ntawm 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0% thiab 1.5%. Cov purified polypropylene nonwoven npuag tau muab tso rau hauv PVA / glucose tov thiab rhaub ntawm 60 ° C rau 1 teev. Tom qab cua sov ua tiav, PP-impregnated nonwoven npuag raug tshem tawm los ntawm PVA / glucose tov thiab qhuav ntawm 60 ° C rau 0.5 h los ua ib zaj duab xis PVA rau ntawm lub vev xaib, yog li tau txais PVA / PP sib xyaw. textile.
Silver nitrate yog yaj nyob rau hauv 10 ml ntawm dej nrog tas li stirring nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thiab ammonia yog ntxiv dropwise kom txog thaum cov tshuaj hloov los ntawm ntshiab mus rau xim av thiab ntshiab dua kom tau txais nyiaj ammonia tov (5-90 mM). Muab PVA / PP nonwoven npuag rau hauv cov tshuaj ammonia thiab kub ntawm 60 ° C rau 1 teev los tsim Ag nanoparticles nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub, ces yaug nws nrog dej peb zaug thiab qhuav ntawm 60 ° C. C rau 0.5 h kom tau Ag / PVA / PP ntaub ntaub.
Tom qab kev sim ua ntej, peb tsim cov khoom siv yob-rau-yob hauv chav kuaj rau kev tsim khoom loj ntawm cov ntaub sib xyaw. Cov rollers yog tsim los ntawm PTFE kom tsis txhob muaj kev phiv tshuaj thiab kev sib kis. Thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem no, lub sijhawm impregnation thiab tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj adsorbed tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev kho qhov ceev ntawm cov menyuam thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov menyuam kom tau txais Ag / PVA / PP cov ntaub ntawv xav tau.
Cov ntaub so ntswg nto morphology tau kawm siv VEGA3 scanning electron microscope (SEM; Nyiv Electronics, Nyiv) ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm 5 kV. Cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm cov nyiaj nanoparticles tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm X-ray diffraction (XRD; Bruker, D8 Advanced, Lub teb chaws Yelemees; Cu Kα hluav taws xob, λ = 0.15418 nm; voltage: 40 kV, tam sim no: 40 mA) nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 10-80 °. 2 θ. Lub Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (ATR-FTIR; Nicolet 170sx, Thermo Fisher Scientific Incorporation) tau siv los tshuaj xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov kho polypropylene. PVA modifier cov ntsiab lus ntawm Ag / PVA / PP cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw yog ntsuas los ntawm kev ntsuas thermogravimetric (TGA; Mettler Toledo, Switzerland) hauv qab cov dej nitrogen. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, ELAN DRC II, Perkin-Elmer (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd.) tau siv los txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus nyiaj ntawm Ag / PVA / PP composite fabrics.
Cov huab cua permeability thiab dej vapor kis tus nqi ntawm Ag / PVA / PP cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw (kev qhia tshwj xeeb: 78 × 50cm2) tau ntsuas los ntawm lub koom haum thib peb (Tianfangbiao Standardization Certification and Testing Co., Ltd.) raws li GB / T. 5453-1997 thiab GB/T 12704.2-2009. Rau txhua tus qauv, kaum lub ntsiab lus sib txawv raug xaiv rau kev sim, thiab cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm lub koom haum yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm kaum lub ntsiab lus.
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm Ag / PVA / PP composite npuag tau ntsuas raws li Suav cov qauv GB / T 20944.1-2007 thiab GB / T 20944.3- siv agar phaj diffusion txoj kev (zoo tsom xam) thiab co flask method (quantitative analysis). . Raws li nyob rau hauv 2008. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm Ag / PVA / PP composite npuag tiv thaiv Escherichia coli tau txiav txim siab ntawm cov sij hawm sib txawv. Rau agar phaj diffusion txoj kev, qhov kev xeem Ag / PVA / PP cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw yog xuas nrig ntaus rau hauv ib lub disk (inch: 8 mm) siv lub punch thiab txuas rau agar Petri phaj inoculated nrog Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). ; 3.4 × 108 CFU ml-1) thiab tom qab ntawd incubated ntawm 37 ° C thiab 56% txheeb ze av noo rau kwv yees li 24 teev. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm inhibition tau soj ntsuam vertically los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub disk mus rau sab hauv ncig ntawm cov cheeb tsam ib puag ncig. Siv txoj kev co nplawm, 2 × 2 cm2 ca phaj tau npaj los ntawm kev sim Ag / PVA / PP cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw thiab autoclaved nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig broth ntawm 121 ° C thiab 0.1 MPa rau 30 feeb. Tom qab autoclaving, tus qauv tau muab tso rau hauv 5-mL Erlenmeyer lub hwj uas muaj 70 mL ntawm cov kua txiv kab lis kev cai (kev ncua kev kawm concentration 1 × 105–4 × 105 CFU / mL) thiab tom qab ntawd incubated ntawm qhov kub ntawm oscillating ntawm 150 ° C. rpm thiab 25 ° C rau 18 teev. Tom qab co, sau ib tug npaum li cas ntawm cov kab mob ncua kev kawm ntawv thiab dilute nws tenfold. Sau qhov xav tau ntawm cov kab mob diluted raug tshem tawm, kis nws ntawm agar nruab nrab thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm 37 ° C thiab 56% txheeb ze av noo rau 24 teev. Cov mis rau kev suav cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog: \(\frac{\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{A}}{\mathrm{C}}\cdot 100\%\), qhov twg C thiab A yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov cheeb tsam tom qab 24 teev, raws li. Cultivated hauv pawg tswj thiab Ag / PVA / PP cov ntaub so ntswg sib xyaw.
Kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm Ag / PVA / PP cov ntaub sib xyaw tau soj ntsuam los ntawm kev ntxuav raws li ISO 105-C10: 2006.1A. Thaum lub sij hawm ntxuav, raus lub xeem Ag / PVA / PP composite ntaub (30x40mm2) nyob rau hauv ib tug aqueous tov uas muaj cov tshuaj detergent (5.0g / L) thiab ntxuav nws ntawm 40 ± 2 rpm thiab 40 ± 5 rpm / min. kev kub ceev. ° C 10, 20, 30, 40 thiab 50 cycles. Tom qab ntxuav, cov ntaub yog rinsed peb zaug nrog dej thiab qhuav ntawm qhov kub ntawm 50-60 ° C rau 30 feeb. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus nyiaj tom qab ntxuav tau ntsuas los txiav txim siab qib ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob.
Daim duab 1 qhia txog schematic daim duab ntawm fabrication ntawm Ag / PVA / PP composite ntaub. Ntawd yog, PP nonwoven cov khoom yog raus hauv ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm PVA thiab qabzib. Cov khoom siv PP-impregnated non-woven yog qhuav los kho qhov hloov kho thiab txo tus neeg sawv cev los tsim cov txheej txheej sealing. Lub qhuav polypropylene nonwoven npuag yog immersed nyob rau hauv ib tug silver ammonia tov rau tso nyiaj nanoparticles nyob rau hauv situ. Cov concentration ntawm cov hloov kho, qhov sib piv ntawm cov piam thaj rau cov nyiaj ammonia, cov concentration ntawm cov nyiaj ammonia thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub cuam tshuam rau nag lossis daus ntawm Ag NPs. yog yam tseem ceeb. Daim duab 2a qhia txog kev vam khom ntawm cov dej sib cuag lub kaum sab xis ntawm Ag / PVA / PP ntaub ntawm qhov hloov pauv concentration. Thaum cov kev hloov pauv concentration nce ntawm 0.5 wt.% mus rau 1.0 wt.%, lub kaum sab xis ntawm Ag / PVA / PP npuag txo qis; Thaum lub modifier concentration nce ntawm 1.0 wt.% mus rau 2.0 wt.%, nws xyaum tsis hloov. Daim duab 2 b qhia SEM cov duab ntawm cov ntshiab PP fibers thiab Ag / PVA / PP fabrics npaj ntawm 50 mM silver ammonia concentration thiab sib txawv molar ratios ntawm qabzib rau nyiaj ammonia (1: 1, 3: 1, 5: 1, thiab 9: 1). . duab. ). Lub resulting PP fiber yog tus du. Tom qab encapsulation nrog PVA zaj duab xis, ib co fibers yog glued ua ke; Vim lub deposition ntawm silver nanoparticles, cov fibers ua kuj ntxhib. Raws li molar piv ntawm tus neeg sawv cev txo qis rau cov piam thaj nce ntxiv, cov txheej txheej ntawm Ag NPs maj mam thickens, thiab raws li cov molar piv nce mus rau 5: 1 thiab 9: 1, Ag NPs zoo li tsim cov khoom sib xyaw. Macroscopic thiab microscopic dluab ntawm PP fiber ntau zoo ib yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum molar piv ntawm txo tus neeg sawv cev rau qabzib yog 5: 1. Cov duab digital ntawm cov qauv coj mus kuaj tau ntawm 50 mM nyiaj ammonia yog qhia hauv daim duab S1.
Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov dej sib txuas ntawm Ag / PVA / PP ntaub ntawm qhov sib txawv PVA ntau ntau (a), SEM cov duab ntawm Ag / PVA / PP ntaub tau txais ntawm cov nyiaj ammonia concentration ntawm 50 mM thiab ntau yam molar ratios ntawm qabzib thiab nyiaj ammonia [(b))); (1) PP fiber, (2) PVA / PP fiber, (3) molar ratio 1: 1, (4) molar ratio 3: 1, (5) molar ratio 5: 1, (6) molar ratio 9: 1], X-ray diffraction qauv (c) thiab SEM duab (d) ntawm Ag / PVA / PP npuag tau ntawm silver ammonia (M2), (M3), 30 mM, (4) 50 mM, (5) 90 mM thiab (6) Ag / PP-30 mM. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub yog 60 ° C.
Hauv daim duab 2c qhia txog X-ray diffraction qauv ntawm qhov tshwm sim Ag / PVA / PP ntaub. Ntxiv rau qhov diffraction ncov ntawm PP fiber 37, plaub diffraction peaks ntawm 2θ = ∼ 37.8°, 44.2°, 64.1° thiab 77.3° sib raug rau (1 1 1), (2 0 0), (2 2 0), Crystal dav hlau ntawm 3 1 cubop cent Raws li cov nyiaj ammonia concentration nce los ntawm 5 mus rau 90 mM, XRD qauv ntawm Ag ua sharper, raws li ib tug tom qab nce nyob rau hauv crystallinity. Raws li Scherrer cov mis, cov nplej loj ntawm Ag nanoparticles npaj nrog 10 mM, 30 mM thiab 50 mM nyiaj ammonia raug suav tias yog 21.3 nm, 23.3 nm thiab 26.5 nm, feem. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov nyiaj ammonia concentration yog lub zog tsav tom qab txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ua cov xim hlau. Nrog nce concentration ntawm cov nyiaj ammonia, tus nqi ntawm nucleation thiab kev loj hlob ntawm Ag NPs nce. Daim duab 2d qhia SEM cov duab ntawm Ag / PVA / PP fabrics tau ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm Ag ammonia. Ntawm ib qho nyiaj ammonia concentration ntawm 30 mM, cov txheej txheej ntawm Ag NPs tau zoo sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov nyiaj ammonia concentration siab dhau lawm, qhov sib xws ntawm Ag NP deposition txheej yuav txo qis, uas tej zaum yuav yog vim muaj zog agglomeration hauv Ag NP deposition txheej. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nyiaj nanoparticles ntawm qhov chaw muaj ob daim duab: spherical thiab scaly. Lub spherical particle loj yog kwv yees li 20-80 nm, thiab lamellar lateral loj yog kwv yees li 100-300 nm (Daim duab S2). Lub deposition txheej ntawm Ag nanoparticles nyob rau saum npoo ntawm unmodified PP ntaub yog uneven. Tsis tas li ntawd, nce qhov kub thiab txias txhawb kev txo qis ntawm Ag NPs (Daim duab S3), tab sis qhov kub thiab txias heev tsis txhawb cov nag lossis daus ntawm Ag NPs.
Daim duab 3a schematically piav qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov nyiaj ammonia concentration, tus nqi ntawm cov nyiaj tso nyiaj, thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov khoom npaj Ag / PVA / PP. Daim duab 3b qhia cov qauv tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov qauv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nyiaj ammonia, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov kab mob tua kab mob ntawm cov qauv. Thaum cov nyiaj ammonia concentration nce ntawm 5 mM mus rau 90 mM, cov nyiaj nag los ntawm 13.67 g / kg rau 481.81 g / kg. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li cov nyiaj deposition nce, cov tshuaj tua kab mob tiv thaiv E. coli pib nce thiab tom qab ntawd tseem nyob rau theem siab. Tshwj xeeb, thaum cov nyiaj ammonia concentration yog 30 mM, qhov tso nyiaj ntawm cov nyiaj hauv cov ntaub ntawv Ag / PVA / PP yog 67.62 g / kg, thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog 99.99%. thiab xaiv tus qauv no los ua tus neeg sawv cev rau cov txheej txheem tom ntej.
(a) Kev sib raug zoo ntawm qib ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov nyiaj ntawm Ag txheej thov thiab cov concentration ntawm cov nyiaj ammonia; (b) Cov duab ntawm kab lis kev cai daim phiaj coj los nrog lub koob yees duab digital uas qhia cov qauv dawb thiab cov qauv npaj siv 5 mM, 10 mM, 30 mM, 50 mM thiab 90 mM nyiaj ammonia. Antibacterial kev ua ntawm Ag / PVA / PP ntaub tiv thaiv Escherichia coli
Daim duab 4a qhia FTIR/ATR spectra ntawm PP, PVA/PP, Ag/PP thiab Ag/PVA/PP. Kev nqus plua plav ntawm cov ntshiab PP fiber ntau ntawm 2950 cm-1 thiab 2916 cm-1 yog vim lub asymmetric stretching vibration ntawm -CH3 thiab -CH2- pawg, thiab ntawm 2867 cm-1 thiab 2837 cm-1 lawv yog vim symmetric stretching vibration ntawm -CH3 thiab -CH2 pawg -. -CH3 thiab -CH2-. Kev nqus bands ntawm 1375 cm–1 thiab 1456 cm–1 yog ntaus nqi rau asymmetric thiab symmetric hloov vibrations ntawm –CH338.39. FTIR spectrum ntawm Ag / PP fiber ntau zoo ib yam li PP fiber. Ntxiv rau qhov nqus tau ntawm PP, qhov siab nqus dej tshiab ntawm 3360 cm-1 ntawm PVA / PP thiab Ag / PVA / PP fabrics yog ntaus nqi rau kev ncab ntawm hydrogen daim ntawv cog lus ntawm pawg -OH. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias PVA tau ua tiav rau saum npoo ntawm polypropylene fiber. Tsis tas li ntawd, hydroxyl absorption ncov ntawm Ag / PVA / PP ntaub yog me ntsis qis dua li ntawm PVA / PP ntaub, uas tej zaum yuav yog vim muaj kev sib koom tes ntawm qee pawg hydroxyl nrog nyiaj.
FT-IR spectrum (a), TGA nkhaus (b) thiab XPS ntsuas spectrum (c) ntawm ntshiab PP, PVA / PP ntaub thiab Ag / PVA / PP ntaub, thiab C 1s spectrum ntawm ntshiab PP (d), PVA / PP PP ntaub (e) thiab Ag 3d ncov (f) ntawm Ag / PVA / PP ntaub.
Hauv daim duab 4c qhia XPS spectra ntawm PP, PVA / PP, thiab Ag / PVA / PP fabrics. Qhov tsis muaj zog O 1s teeb liab ntawm cov ntshiab polypropylene fiber ntau tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov pa oxygen adsorbed ntawm qhov chaw; C 1s ncov ntawm 284.6 eV yog ntaus nqi rau CH thiab CC (saib daim duab 4d). Piv nrog cov ntshiab PP fiber, PVA / PP ntaub (Fig. 4e) qhia tau hais tias muaj kev ua tau zoo ntawm 284.6 eV (C–C / C–H), 285.6 eV (C–O–H), 284.6 eV (C–C/C–H), 285.6 eV (C–O–H.8) thiab 285.6 eV (C–O–H. Tsis tas li ntawd, O 1s spectrum ntawm PVA / PP npuag tuaj yeem kwv yees los ntawm ob lub ncov ntawm 532.3 eV thiab 533.2 eV41 (Fig. S4), cov C 1s peaks sib haum rau C–OH thiab H–C = O (hydroxyl pawg ntawm PVA thiab aldehyde), cov ntaub ntawv IRFT zoo ib yam. Lub Ag/PVA/PP nonwoven npuag khaws cov O 1s spectrum ntawm C-OH (532.3 eV) thiab HC = O (533.2 eV) (Daim duab S5), muaj 65.81% (atomic feem pua) C, 22. 89. % O thiab 11.31% S Ag (Fig. Tshwj xeeb, lub ncov ntawm Ag 3d5/2 thiab Ag 3d3/2 ntawm 368.2 eV thiab 374.2 eV (Fig. 4f) ntxiv ua pov thawj tias Ag NPs yog doped rau saum npoo ntawm PVA / PP42 nonwoven fabric.
Lub TGA nkhaus (Fig. 4b) ntawm ntshiab PP, Ag / PP ntaub, thiab Ag / PVA / PP ntaub qhia tau hais tias lawv raug zoo xws li thermal decomposition txheej txheem, thiab cov deposition ntawm Ag NPs ua rau ib tug me ntsis nce nyob rau hauv lub thermal degradation kub ntawm PP. fibers PVA / PP fibers (los ntawm 480 ° C (PP fibers) rau 495 ° C), tej zaum vim yog tsim ntawm Ag barrier43. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov seem seem ntawm cov qauv ntshiab ntawm PP, Ag / PP, Ag / PVA / PP, Ag / PVA / PP-W50 thiab Ag / PP-W50 tom qab cua sov ntawm 800 ° C yog 1.32%, 16.26% thiab 13. 86%. % feem ntawm 9.88% thiab 2.12%. Cov seem ntawm cov ntshiab PP yog ntaus nqi rau impurities, thiab cov seem ntawm cov qauv seem rau Ag NPs, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov seem seem ntawm cov qauv loaded nrog nyiaj yuav tsum yog vim muaj ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov nyiaj nanoparticles loaded rau lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab ntxuav Ag / PP ntaub 50 zaug, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nyiaj seem raug txo los ntawm 94.65%, thiab cov ntsiab lus nyiaj seem ntawm Ag / PVA / PP ntaub raug txo los ntawm 31.74%. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias PVA encapsulating txheej tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov adhesion ntawm AgNPs rau PP matrix.
Txhawm rau ntsuas kev nplij siab hnav, huab cua permeability thiab dej vapor kis tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv npaj polypropylene raug ntsuas. Feem ntau hais lus, breathability muaj feem xyuam rau tus neeg siv lub thermal kev nplij siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kub thiab ntub ib puag ncig44. Raws li pom hauv daim duab 5a, huab cua permeability ntawm PP ntshiab yog 2050 mm / s, thiab tom qab hloov kho ntawm PVA nws txo mus rau 856 mm / s. Qhov no yog vim PVA zaj duab xis tsim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm PP fiber ntau thiab woven ib feem pab txo qhov khoob ntawm cov fibers. Tom qab siv Ag NPs, huab cua permeability ntawm PP npuag nce vim kev noj ntawm PVA txheej thaum thov Ag NPs. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua pa ntawm Ag / PVA / PP cov ntaub yuav txo qis thaum cov nyiaj ammonia concentration nce ntawm 10 txog 50 mmol. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog vim lub thickness ntawm cov nyiaj deposit nce nrog nce nyiaj ammonia concentration, uas yuav pab txo tau tus naj npawb ntawm pores thiab tej zaum cov dej vapor dhau los ntawm lawv.
(a) Huab cua permeability ntawm Ag / PVA / PP fabrics npaj nrog ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nyiaj ammonia; (b) Kev xa dej vapor ntawm Ag / PVA / PP fabrics npaj nrog ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nyiaj ammonia; (c) Ntau yam kev hloov kho Tensile nkhaus ntawm Ag Npuag / PVA / PP tau txais ntawm qhov sib txawv; (d) Tensile nkhaus ntawm Ag / PVA / PP ntaub tau txais ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nyiaj ammonia (Ag / PVA / PP ntaub tau ntawm 30 mM nyiaj ammonia concentration kuj pom) (Piv cov tensile nkhaus ntawm PP ntaub tom qab 40 lub voj voog ntxhua).
Tus nqi ntawm cov dej vapor kis tau tus mob yog ib qho tseem ceeb qhia txog thermal kev nplij siab ntawm ib tug fabric45. Nws hloov tawm tias cov dej noo permeability ntawm cov ntaub yog feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm breathability thiab deg zog. Ntawd yog, huab cua permeability feem ntau yog nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm pores; cov khoom nto cuam tshuam cov dej permeability ntawm pawg hydrophilic los ntawm adsorption-diffusion-desorption ntawm dej molecules. Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 5b, noo noo permeability ntawm ntshiab PP fiber yog 4810 g / (m2·24h). Tom qab kev sib khi nrog PVA txheej, tus naj npawb ntawm qhov hauv PP fiber txo qis, tab sis cov dej permeability ntawm PVA / PP npuag nce mus rau 5070 g / (m2 · 24 h), vim tias nws cov dej permeability feem ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov khoom nto. tsis pores. Tom qab tso tawm ntawm AgNPs, noo noo permeability ntawm Ag / PVA / PP npuag tau nce ntxiv. Tshwj xeeb, qhov siab tshaj plaws noo noo permeability ntawm Ag / PVA / PP npuag tau txais ntawm cov nyiaj ammonia concentration ntawm 30 mM yog 10300 g / (m2 · 24h). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov dej permeability ntawm Ag / PVA / PP cov ntaub uas tau txais ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nyiaj ammonia tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov thickness ntawm cov nyiaj deposition txheej thiab nws cov pores.
Cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov ntaub muaj zog cuam tshuam rau lawv lub neej kev pabcuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab46. Daim duab 5c qhia qhov tensile stress curve ntawm Ag/PVA/PP ntaub. Lub zog tensile ntawm ntshiab PP tsuas yog 2.23 MPa, thaum lub zog tensile ntawm 1 wt% PVA / PP npuag yog nce mus rau 4.56 MPa, qhia tau hais tias lub encapsulation ntawm PVA PP ntaub yuav pab txhim kho nws cov neeg kho tshuab zog. khoom. Lub zog tensile thiab elongation ntawm kev tawg ntawm PVA / PP npuag nce nrog kev nce siab ntawm PVA hloov kho vim tias PVA zaj duab xis tuaj yeem tawg qhov kev ntxhov siab thiab ntxiv dag zog rau PP fiber. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum qhov kev hloov pauv concentration nce mus rau 1.5 wt.%, nplaum PVA ua rau cov ntaub polypropylene tawv, uas cuam tshuam rau kev hnav khaub ncaws hnyav.
Piv nrog cov ntshiab PP thiab PVA / PP ntaub, lub zog tensile thiab elongation ntawm tawg ntawm Ag / PVA / PP fabrics yog ntxiv txhim kho vim Ag nanoparticles uniformly faib rau saum npoo ntawm PP fibers tuaj yeem faib cov load47,48. Nws tuaj yeem pom tias lub zog tensile ntawm Ag / PP fiber ntau yog siab dua li ntawm PP ntshiab, mus txog 3.36 MPa (Fig. 5d), uas tau lees paub qhov muaj zog thiab muaj zog ntawm Ag NPs. Tshwj xeeb, Ag / PVA / PP ntaub ua los ntawm cov nyiaj ammonia concentration ntawm 30 mM (hloov ntawm 50 mM) nthuav tawm qhov siab tshaj plaws tensile lub zog thiab elongation thaum so, uas tseem yog vim qhov kev tso nyiaj tsis zoo ntawm Ag NPs nrog rau cov khoom tso tawm. Aggregation ntawm nyiaj NPs nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm siab concentration ntawm silver ammonia. Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab 40 lub voj voog ntxuav, lub zog tensile thiab elongation ntawm kev tawg ntawm Ag / PVA / PP ntaub npaj ntawm 30 mM nyiaj ammonia concentration poob los ntawm 32.7% thiab 26.8%, feem (Fig. 5d), uas tej zaum yuav txuam nrog ib tug me me poob ntawm cov nyiaj nanoparticles deposited tom qab no.
Daim duab 6a thiab b qhia cov duab digital yees duab ntawm Ag / PVA / PP ntaub thiab Ag / PP ntaub tom qab ntxuav rau 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, thiab 50 cycles ntawm 30 mM nyiaj ammonia concentration. Tsaus grey Ag / PVA / PP ntaub thiab Ag / PP ntaub maj mam ua lub teeb grey tom qab ntxuav; thiab cov xim hloov ntawm thawj zaug thaum ntxuav tsis zoo li yuav hnyav li qhov thib ob. Tsis tas li ntawd, piv nrog Ag / PP ntaub, cov ntsiab lus nyiaj ntawm Ag / PVA / PP npuag tau txo qis tom qab ntxuav; Tom qab ntxuav 20 los yog ntau tshaj lub sij hawm, tus qub khaws cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nyiaj ntau dua li yav tas los (Fig. 6c). Qhov no qhia tau hais tias encapsulating PP fibers nrog PVA txheej tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov adhesion ntawm Ag NPs rau PP fibers. Daim duab 6d qhia SEM cov duab ntawm Ag / PVA / PP ntaub thiab Ag / PP ntaub tom qab ntxuav rau 10, 40, thiab 50 cycles. Ag / PVA / PP fabrics muaj kev poob qis ntawm Ag NPs thaum ntxuav dua li Ag / PP ntaub, dua vim tias PVA encapsulating txheej pab txhim kho cov adhesion ntawm Ag NPs rau PP fibers.
(a) Cov duab ntawm Ag / PP ntaub coj los ntawm lub koob yees duab digital (ntau ntawm 30 mM nyiaj ammonia concentration) tom qab ntxuav rau 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 thiab 50 cycles (1-6); (b) Ag / PVA / PP Cov duab ntawm cov ntaub siv nrog lub koob yees duab digital (kub ntawm 30 mM nyiaj ammonia concentration) tom qab ntxuav rau 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 thiab 50 cycles (1-6); (c) Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus nyiaj ntawm ob daim ntaub hla lub voj voog ntxuav; (d) SEM duab ntawm Ag / PVA / PP ntaub (1-3) thiab Ag / PP ntaub (4-6) tom qab 10, 40 thiab 50 lub voj voog ntxhua.
Daim duab 7 qhia txog cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov koob yees duab digital cov duab ntawm Ag / PVA / PP fabrics tiv thaiv E. coli tom qab 10, 20, 30 thiab 40 lub voj voog ntxuav. Tom qab 10 thiab 20 ntxuav, cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm Ag / PVA / PP fabrics tseem nyob ntawm 99.99% thiab 99.93%, ua kom pom cov kab mob zoo heev. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm Ag / PVA / PP npuag tau txo qis me ntsis tom qab 30 thiab 40 zaug ntawm kev ntxuav, uas yog vim qhov poob ntawm AgNPs tom qab ntxuav mus ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm Ag / PP ntaub tom qab 40 ntxuav tsuas yog 80.16%. Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm Ag / PP ntaub tom qab 40 lub voj voog ntxhua yog tsawg dua li ntawm Ag / PVA / PP ntaub.
(a) Qib ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob tiv thaiv E. coli. (b) Rau kev sib piv, cov duab ntawm Ag / PVA / PP npuag coj nrog lub koob yees duab digital tom qab ntxuav cov Ag / PP ntaub ntawm 30 mM nyiaj ammonia concentration rau 10, 20, 30, 40 thiab 40 cycles kuj pom.
Nyob rau hauv daim duab 8 schematically qhia cov fabrication loj-scale Ag/PVA/PP ntaub siv ob-theem yob-rau-yob txoj kev. Ntawd yog, cov tshuaj PVA / glucose tau tsau rau hauv lub yob rau ib lub sijhawm, tom qab ntawd muab tshem tawm, thiab tom qab ntawd impregnated nrog cov tshuaj ammonia zoo tib yam kom tau txais Ag / PVA / PP ntaub. (Daim duab 8a). Qhov tshwm sim Ag / PVA / PP npuag tseem khaws cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo heev txawm tias sab laug rau 1 xyoos. Rau kev npaj loj ntawm Ag / PVA / PP fabrics, qhov tshwm sim PP nonwovens tau impregnated nyob rau hauv ib tug tas mus li yob txheej txheem thiab ces dhau los ntawm ib tug PVA / qabzib tov thiab ib tug silver ammonia daws sequentially thiab ua tiav. ob txoj kev. Txuas cov yeeb yaj duab. Lub sij hawm impregnation yog tswj los ntawm kev kho qhov ceev ntawm cov menyuam, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj adsorbed yog tswj los ntawm kev kho qhov kev ncua deb ntawm rollers (daim duab 8b), yog li tau txais lub hom phiaj Ag / PVA / PP nonwoven npuag ntawm qhov loj (50 cm × 80 cm). ) thiab collection roller. Cov txheej txheem tag nrho yog qhov yooj yim thiab siv tau, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom loj.
Schematic daim duab ntawm kev tsim cov khoom lag luam loj loj (a) thiab schematic daim duab ntawm cov txheej txheem yob rau kev tsim cov khoom Ag / PVA / PP nonwoven (b).
Silver-muaj PVA / PP nonwovens yog tsim los siv cov txheej txheem yooj yim hauv-situ kua theem tso nyiaj ua ke nrog txoj kev yob-rau-yob. Piv nrog PP ntaub thiab PVA / PP ntaub, cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm Ag / PVA / PP nonwoven npuag tau zoo dua vim tias PVA sealing txheej tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov adhesion ntawm Ag NPs rau PP fibers. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov chaw thau khoom ntawm PVA thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nyiaj NPs hauv Ag / PVA / PP nonwoven npuag tuaj yeem tswj tau zoo los ntawm kev kho cov concentrations ntawm PVA / glucose tov thiab nyiaj ammonia. Tshwj xeeb, Ag / PVA / PP nonwoven npuag npaj siv 30 mM nyiaj ammonia tov tau pom cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo tshaj plaws thiab khaws cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo heev tiv thaiv E. coli txawm tias tom qab 40 lub voj voog ntxhua, uas qhia tau zoo los tiv thaiv fouling. PP cov ntaub ntawv tsis-woven. Piv nrog rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub tau los ntawm peb siv txoj kev yooj yim pom tau zoo dua rau kev ntxuav. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tshwm sim Ag / PVA / PP nonwoven npuag muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws noo noo permeability thiab hnav kev nplij siab, uas tuaj yeem pab txhawb nws daim ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam.
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Post lub sij hawm: Nov-26-2023