Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polyvinyl chloride, nylon, polyester, acrylic, thiab polypropylene

1. Nylon txhais.

Nylon yog Suav lub npe ntawm cov hluavtaws fiber ntau nylon, cov lus txhais ntawm lub npe kuj hu ua "nylon", "nylon", lub npe scientific rau polyamide.

Fiber, uas yog, polyamide fiber. Vim tias Jinzhou Chemical Fiber Factory yog thawj cov khoom siv hluavtaws polyamide hauv Suav teb, yog li nws muaj npe "nylon". Nws yog lub ntiaj teb cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntxov tshaj plaws, vim muaj kev ua tau zoo, cov khoom siv raw, tau siv dav.

2. Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Nylon:

1). Muaj zog, zoo abrasion kuj, qeb duas ntawm tag nrho cov fibers. Nws qhov kev puas tsuaj yog 10 npaug ntawm cov paj rwb fiber ntau, 10 npaug ntawm cov viscose fiber qhuav, thiab 140 npaug ntawm cov fiber ntau ntub. Yog li ntawd, nws durability yog zoo heev.

2). Lub elasticity thiab elastic rov qab ntawm nylon fabrics yog zoo heev, tab sis nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau deform nyob rau hauv me me sab nraud quab yuam, yog li nws cov ntaub yog yooj yim los ua wrinkled nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm hnav. Qhov cua thiab cua permeability tsis zoo, yooj yim los tsim hluav taws xob zoo li qub.

3). Nylon npuag noo noo nqus nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hluavtaws yog ntau yam zoo dua, yog li cov khaub ncaws ua los ntawm nylon dua polyester khaub ncaws hnav zoo. Zoo npauj thiab corrosion kuj.

4). Thaum tshav kub kub thiab lub teeb tsis zoo txaus, ironing kub yuav tsum tau tswj hauv qab 140 ℃. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm hnav thiab siv yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau kev ntxuav, tu tej yam kev mob, thiaj li tsis mus ua puas cov ntaub. Nylon fabrics yog lub teeb fabrics, nyob rau hauv cov hluavtaws fibers tsuas yog teev tom qab polypropylene, acrylic fabrics, yog li ntawd, haum rau zus tau tej cov khaub ncaws mountaineering, khaub ncaws lub caij ntuj no thiab lwm yam.

Nylon, tseem hu ua nylon, yog polymerized los ntawm caprolactam. Nws txoj kev puas tsuaj tuaj yeem raug hu ua tus yeej ntawm txhua qhov ntuj thiab tshuaj fibers. Nylon staple fiber ntau yog siv rau kev sib xyaw nrog cov ntaub plaub los yog lwm cov ntaub plaub-hom tshuaj fibers. Nyob rau hauv ntau textiles, yog tov nrog nylon, kom lub abrasion kuj los txhim kho, xws li viscose brocade Warda tweed, viscose brocade VanLiDin, viscose qhov muag brocade tweed, viscose brocade wool peb-hauv-ib Warda tweed, wool viscose brocade navy thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv muaj zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau yam nylon thom khwm, thom khwm elastic, nylon stockings, yog woven nrog nylon filament. Nws tseem tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntaub pua plag.

3. Peb hom.

Peb pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov nylon ntau yam ntawm cov nylon fiber ntau tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntshiab spinning, blending thiab interwoven fabrics, txhua yam uas muaj ntau yam.

1). Nylon ntshiab textile

Nrog nylon txhob lo lo ntxhuav ua raw khoom woven rau hauv ntau yam ntaub, xws li nylon taffeta, nylon crepe. Vim hais tias ntawm nylon filament woven, nws muaj kev xav zoo, ruaj thiab ruaj khov, pheej yig nta, kuj muaj cov ntaub yooj yim rau wrinkle thiab tsis yooj yim los kho qhov tsis txaus. Nylon taffeta siv los ua cov khaub ncaws hnav, cov tsho hauv qab lossis cov ntaub npog nag, thaum nylon crepe yog tsim rau lub caij ntuj sov hnav khaub ncaws, caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg siv ob lub tsho.

2). Nylon blended thiab interwoven cov khoom

Kev siv cov nylon filament lossis staple fibers thiab lwm cov fibers sib xyaw lossis interwoven fabrics, ob qho tib si cov yam ntxwv thiab lub zog ntawm txhua qhov fiber ntau. Xws li viscose / nylon Huada tweed, 15% ntawm cov nylon thiab 85% ntawm cov duab viscastic, yooj yim rau warle, yooj yim rau warle, yooj yim zog ntawm kev ua phem, ntub lub zog txo, yooj yim mus hnav sagging. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj viscose / nylon van Liding, viscose / nylon / wool tweed thiab lwm yam, yog qee yam siv ntaub.

II. Polyester

1. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Polyester:

Polyester yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm ntau yam hluavtaws fibers thiab yog lub npe lag luam ntawm polyester ntaub hauv Suav teb. Nws yog fiber ntau-forming polymer - polyethylene terephthalate (PET) - ua los ntawm purified terephthalic acid (PTA) los yog dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) thiab ethylene glycol (EG) los ntawm esterification los yog ester-exchange thiab polycondensation tshua, thiab fibers ua los ntawm spinning thiab tom qab kho.

2. Cov khoom ntawm Polyester

1). Siab zog. Lub zog ntawm luv fibers yog 2.6-5.7cN / dtex, thiab lub zog ntawm siab tenacity fibers yog 5.6-8.0cN / dtex. Vim tias qhov nqus dej tsawg, nws lub zog ntub dej yog qhov zoo ib yam li nws lub zog qhuav. Kev cuam tshuam lub zog yog 4 npaug siab dua nylon thiab 20 npaug siab dua li viscose fiber.

2). Zoo elasticity. Lub elasticity yog ze rau ntawm cov ntaub plaub, thiab thaum elongated los ntawm 5% mus rau 6%, nws tuaj yeem rov qab yuav luag tag. Wrinkle tsis kam tshaj ntawm lwm cov fibers, piv txwv li, cov ntaub tsis wrinkled thiab muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov ntev. Modulus ntawm elasticity yog 22 ~ 141cN / dtex, uas yog 2 ~ 3 zaug siab dua nylon. Kev nqus dej zoo.

3). Zoo abrasion tsis kam. Abrasion tsis kam yog thib ob tsuas yog nylon, uas muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev puas tsuaj, thiab zoo dua li lwm cov fibers ntuj thiab hluavtaws fibers.

4). Zoo lub teeb tsis kam. Lub teeb tsis kam yog thib ob tsuas yog acrylic.

5). Corrosion kuj. Resistant rau bleach, oxidizers, hydrocarbons, ketones, roj av khoom thiab inorganic acids. Resistant rau dilute alkali, tsis ntshai pwm, tab sis kub alkali tuaj yeem ua rau nws decompose. Tsis zoo dyeability.

6). Polyester imitation txhob lo lo ntxhuav kev nkag siab ntawm lub zog, ci ntsa iab, tab sis tsis muag txaus, nrog rau cov nyhuv ntawm flash, xav tias du, tiaj tus, zoo elasticity. Tes pinch lub txhob lo lo ntxhuav nto tom qab loosening yam tsis pom tseeb creases. Lub warp thiab weft tsis yooj yim los rhuav tshem thaum lawv ntub.

7). Polyester tom qab yaj spinning rau daim ntawv POY tom qab ncab, elasticization thiab lwm yam txheej txheem tom qab tsim ntawm polyester yarn. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov zoo khaws cia, hnav khaub ncaws polyester yog ncaj thiab tsis wrinkled, saib tshwj xeeb tshaj yog sab ntsuj plig, noj qab nyob zoo. Nws yog ntxuav, tsis muaj ironing, raws li niaj zaus, tiaj thiab ncaj. Polyester muaj ntau yam kev siv, kev lag luam ntau yam polyester-paj rwb, polyester wool, polyester silk thiab polyester viscose khaub ncaws thiab khaub ncaws, yog nws cov khoom.

8). Polyester fabrics nqus dej tsis zoo, hnav tsis zoo, thaum yooj yim nqa hluav taws xob zoo li qub, cov plua plav stained, cuam tshuam rau cov tsos thiab kev nplij siab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yooj yim heev kom qhuav tom qab ntxuav, thiab lub zog ntub dej yuav luag tsis poob, tsis deformed, muaj kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws.

9). Polyester yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov ntaub ntawv kub-resistant, melting point ntawm 260 ℃, ironing kub ntawm 180 ℃. Nrog thermoplasticity, nws tuaj yeem ua rau hauv daim tiab pleated nrog cov pleats ntev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, polyester fabrics tsis tshua muaj resistant rau melting, soot, sparks thiab lwm yam yooj yim rau tsim qhov. Yog li ntawd, hnav yuav tsum sim kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cuag ntawm luam yeeb, sparks, thiab lwm yam.

10). Polyester fabrics muaj lub teeb pom kev zoo dua, ntxiv rau qhov tsis zoo dua li acrylic, nws lub hnub tiv thaiv zoo dua li cov ntaub fiber ntau. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub iav qab lub hnub tiv thaiv yog zoo heev, yuav luag nrog cov acrylic tsis zoo li qub. Polyester fabrics zoo tiv thaiv ntau yam tshuaj. Acid, alkali ntawm nws qib kev puas tsuaj tsis loj, thaum tsis ntshai pwm, tsis ntshai kab. Polyester fabrics yog qhov zoo heev ntawm kev tiv thaiv wrinkles thiab khaws cov duab, thiab yog li tsim nyog rau lub tsho garments.

3. Cov Txheej Txheem Ntau Yam ntawm Polyester Ntau Yam:

Cov pawg dav dav ntawm ntau yam ntawm polyester yog staple fibers, stretched filaments, deformed filaments, hniav filaments, industrial filaments, thiab ntau yam sib txawv fibers.

4. Polyester Staple Fiber ntau yam:

1). Distinguished los ntawm lub cev muaj zog: high-strength low-stretch type, medium-strength medium-stretch type, low-strength medium-stretch type, high-modulus type, high-strength high-modulus type.

2). Qhov txawv ntawm cov kev xav tau tom qab ua tiav: paj rwb, ntaub plaub, hemp, silk.

3). Distinguished los ntawm kev ua haujlwm: cationic dyeable, noo noo nqus, nplaim retardant, xim, anti-pilling.

4). Distinguished los ntawm kev siv: khaub ncaws, flocculation, kho kom zoo nkauj, industrial siv.

5). Antistatic los ntawm fiber ntau cross-section: zoo li tus silk, hollow silk.

5. Polyester Filament Ntau yam:

1). Primary filaments: Undrawn (paub spinning) (UDY), semi-pre-orientated filaments (medium-speed spinning) (MOY), pre-orientated filaments (high-speed spinning) (POY), highly oriented filaments (ultra-high-speed spinning) (HOY)

2). Stretch filaments: stretch filaments (tsawg-ceev stretch filaments) (DY), tag nrho stretch filaments (spun stretch ib-kauj ruam) (FDY), tag nrho tshem tawm filaments (spun ib-kauj ruam) (FOY)

3). Deformed Filaments: Conventional Deformed Filaments (DY), Drawn Deformed Filaments (DTY), Cua Hloov Filaments (ATY)

6. Kev hloov kho ntawm Polyester:

Polyester fiber ntau ntau yam, ntxiv rau cov ntaub npuag ntshiab polyester, muaj ntau thiab ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau sib xyaw los yog cov khoom sib txuam, los ua kom tsis zoo ntawm cov ntaub polyester ntshiab, ua kom zoo dua kev ua haujlwm. Tam sim no, polyester fabrics tau tsiv mus rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm imitation wool, txhob lo lo ntxhuav, hemp, buckskin thiab lwm yam hluavtaws fibers naturalized.

1). Polyester Simulated Silk Fabric

Los ntawm puag ncig, zoo li tus ntoo khaub lig-section ntawm polyester filament los yog staple fiber yarn woven nrog silk tsos style ntawm polyester fabrics, muaj tus nqi qis, wrinkle-dawb thiab tsis-hlau zoo, heev nrov nrog cov neeg siv khoom. Ntau hom yog: polyester silk, polyester silk crepe, polyester silk satin, polyester georgette yarn, polyester interwoven silk thiab hais txog. Cov ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub lo lo ntxhuav nrog ntws drape, du, mos, pleasing rau lub qhov muag, tib lub sijhawm, ob qho tib si polyester fabrics, tawv, hnav-resistant, yooj yim los ntxuav, tsis muaj ironing, qhov shortcoming yog tias cov ntaub no tsis zoo noo noo nqus thiab breathability, hnav tsis dhau txias, thiaj li yuav kov yeej qhov shortcoming, tam sim no muaj ntau dua tshiab polyester ntaub xws li pichy.

2). Polyester Imitation Woolen Fabrics

Los ntawm polyester filament xws li polyester plus elastic silk, polyester network txhob lo lo ntxhuav los yog ntau yam zoo li tus ntoo khaub lig-section ntawm polyester txhob lo lo ntxhuav raws li raw cov ntaub ntawv, los yog nruab nrab-ntev polyester staple fibers thiab nruab nrab-ntev viscose los yog nruab nrab-ntev acrylic blended rau hauv xov paj woven rau hauv ib tug tweed style fabrics, raws li, lub npe hu ua lub worsted imitation medium woolen fabrics thiab woolen fabrics. tib yam ntawm cov khoom siv woolen fabrics. Ob leeg nrog tweed xav tias tag nrho ntawm puffy, elastic thiab zoo yam ntxwv, tab sis kuj nrog polyester ruaj thiab ruaj, yooj yim los ntxuav thiab ceev kom qhuav, tiaj tus thiab ncaj, tsis yooj yim rau deform, tsis yooj yim rau cov plaub hau, pilling thiab lwm yam ntxwv. Cov ntau yam yog: polyester elastic beige, polyester elastic wadding, polyester elastic tweed, polyester network spinning ntaub plaub, polyester viscose tweed, polyester nitrile zais tweed.

3). Polyester Imitation Hemp Npuag

Tam sim no nws yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv khaub ncaws nrov hauv kev lag luam khaub ncaws thoob ntiaj teb, kev siv polyester los yog polyester / viscose muaj zog twisted yarns woven rau hauv tiaj los yog convex kab txaij lub koom haum ntawm fabrics, nrog rau qhuav xav thiab tsos ntawm hemp ntaub style. Xws li nyias imitation linen moiré, tsis tsuas yog cov tsos ntawm rugged, qhuav xav, thiab hnav xis, txias, yog li nws yog heev haum rau zus tau tej cov lub caij ntuj sov tsho, hnav khaub ncaws.

4). Polyester Imitation Buckskin Npuag

Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub polyester tshiab, nrog zoo denier los yog ultra-fine denier polyester fiber li raw khoom, tom qab tshwj xeeb txheej txheem nyob rau hauv cov ntaub hauv paus ntaub los tsim ib tug zoo luv luv velvet polyester suede fabrics, hu ua imitation buckskin fabrics, feem ntau mus rau non-woven fabrics, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics rau lub hauv paus ntaub. Nrog kev ntxhib los mos, nplua velvet tag nrho ntawm elasticity, xav tias nplua nuj, ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov style yam ntxwv. Muaj peb hom khoom siv qib siab deerskin, cov khoom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj thiab cov tawv nqaij zoo tib yam. Haum rau cov poj niam cov khaub ncaws, hnav khaub ncaws siab, tsho, suits thiab lwm yam saum.

III. Acrylic

1. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Acrylic Fiber

Acrylic yog lub npe ntawm polyacrylonitrile fiber ntau hauv Suav teb. Nws yog hu ua Orlon los ntawm DuPont tuam txhab nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, thiab yog phonetically txhais li Orlon. Cov fiber ntau no yog lub teeb, sov, mos, thiab muaj lub npe ntawm "synthetic wool".

2. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm Acrylic Fiber

Acrylic fiber yog lub npe hu ua hluavtaws wool, nws elasticity thiab fluffiness zoo ib yam li cov ntaub plaub. Yog li ntawd, qhov sov sov ntawm nws cov ntaub tsis yog qhov qis dua rau cov ntaub plaub, thiab txawm tias siab dua li cov ntaub plaub zoo sib xws li ntawm 15%.

Acrylic fabrics yog ci ntsa iab, thiab lub teeb tsis kam yog thawj ntawm txhua hom fiber ntau fabrics. Txawm li cas los xij, nws txoj kev puas tsuaj yog qhov phem tshaj ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov hluavtaws fibers. Yog li ntawd, acrylic ntaub yog haum rau sab nraum zoov khaub ncaws, swimwear thiab cov me nyuam cov khaub ncaws.

Acrylic ntaub muaj tsis zoo noo noo nqus, yooj yim rau stain, hnav ib qho kev xav, tab sis nws qhov seem stability zoo dua.

Acrylic fabrics muaj cov cua kub zoo, nyob rau qib thib ob hauv cov hluavtaws fibers, thiab tiv thaiv cov kua qaub, oxidizers thiab cov kuab tshuaj organic, kuj tseem ceeb rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm alkali.

Acrylic fabrics nyob rau hauv cov ntaub hluavtaws fiber ntau yog cov ntaub sib dua, qhov thib ob tsuas yog polypropylene, yog li nws yog ib qho khoom siv hnav khaub ncaws zoo, xws li ris tsho hnav ris tsho, caij ntuj no khaub ncaws sov.

3. Ntau yam ntawm Acrylic

1). Acrylic Npuag Npuag

Ua los ntawm 100% acrylic fiber. Xws li 100% wool hom acrylic fiber ua ntawm worsted acrylic poj niam lub tweed, nrog xoob qauv yam ntxwv, nws cov xim thiab lustre, mos thiab elastic xav, kev ntxhib los mos tsis xoob thiab tsis rotten, haum rau zus tau tej cov qib qis thiab nruab nrab cov poj niam cov khaub ncaws. Thiab siv 100% acrylic bulky yarn li raw khoom, nws muaj peev xwm ua acrylic bulky tsho tweed nrog dawb los yog twill lub koom haum, uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm plump handfeel, sov thiab yooj yim woolen fabrics, thiab nws yog haum rau ua caij nplooj ntoos hlav, caij nplooj zeeg thiab lub caij ntuj no coats thiab xws li khaub ncaws.

2). Acrylic Blended Fabrics

Nws yog hais txog cov fabrics blended nrog wool hom los yog nruab nrab-ntev acrylic thiab viscose los yog polyester. Xws li acrylic / viscose tweed, acrylic / viscose tweed, acrylic / polyester tweed thiab lwm yam. Acrylic / viscose wadding, tseem hu ua Oriental tweed, sib xyaw nrog 50% txhua ntawm acrylic thiab viscose, muaj lub cev tuab thiab nruj, muaj zog thiab ruaj khov, du thiab mos tweed nto, zoo li wool wadding tweed style, tab sis tsis tshua muaj elastic, yooj yim rau wrinkle, haum rau ua cov ris luv. Nitrile / viscose poj niam tweed yog 85% acrylic thiab 15% viscose blended thiab ua los ntawm crepe lub koom haum weaving, nws yog me ntsis plaub hau, ci xim, nws yog lub teeb thiab nyias lub cev, zoo durability, tsis zoo resilience, haum rau outerwear. Acrylic / polyester tweed yog sib xyaw nrog 40% thiab 60% ntawm acrylic thiab polyester feem, vim nws feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm lub koom haum dawb thiab twill, yog li nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tiaj tus, ruaj khov thiab tsis muaj ironing, thiab nws qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws tsis xis nyob, yog li nws feem ntau yog siv rau kev tsim cov khaub ncaws nruab nrab xws li khaub ncaws hnav thiab khaub ncaws.

4. Kev hloov kho ntawm Acrylic Fiber

1). Fine denier acrylic fiber yog spun los ntawm kev siv lub microporous spinneret ua los ntawm high-tech txhais tau tias. Fine denier acrylic fiber yuav spun rau hauv high-count yarn, lub resulting textiles xav tias du, mos, ilv, mos xim, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nrog ilv fabrics, lub teeb, silky, drape thiab anti-pilling thiab lwm yam zoo heev yam ntxwv, yog imitation ntawm cashmere, imitation ntawm ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb raw cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhob lo lo ntxhuav, nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog niaj hnub no lub ntiaj teb no cov qauv tshiab.

2). Imitation cashmere acrylic muaj ob hom luv fiber ntau thiab ntaub plaub. Nws muaj qhov du, mos thiab elastic handfeel ntawm ntuj cashmere, zoo warmth thiab breathability, thiab kuj muaj cov zoo heev dyeing kev kawm ntawm acrylic, uas ua rau cov khoom acrylic cashmere ntau xim thiab zoo nkauj, ilv thiab du, thiab yog haum rau lub teeb thiab nyias khaub ncaws, uas yog pheej yig thiab zoo nqi rau cov nyiaj.

3). Cov txheej txheem dyeing online ntawm polyacrylonitrile fibers feem ntau muaj ob hom kua xim xim thiab gel dyeing. Ntawm lawv, gel-dyed fiber yog dyed nyob rau hauv ntub spinning txheej txheem ntawm acrylic fiber, uas yog tseem nyob rau hauv lub gel lub xeev ntawm cov thawj fiber, thiab cov dyes siv mas cationic dyes. Gel-dyed fibers, raws li ib yam ntawm cov ntim loj thiab ntau yam ntawm cov khoom, muaj qhov zoo ntawm dye txuag, txheej txheem luv luv thiab dyeing lub sij hawm, me zog siv, tsawg zog siv thiab lwm yam, piv nrog cov tsoos luam ntawv thiab dyeing txheej txheem.

4). Cov duab fiber ntau yog tsim los ntawm kev siv lub qhov spinneret zoo li tus thiab hloov cov txheej txheem. Cov style fiber ntau yog qhov tshwj xeeb, cov nyhuv simulation yog qhov zoo, thiab cov khoom qib tau txhim kho. Zoo li acrylic fiber nrog tiaj tus cross-section yog hu ua ca acrylic, uas zoo ib yam li tsiaj plaub hau, thiab yog yus muaj los ntawm luster, elasticity, anti-pilling, fluffiness, thiab handfeel, uas muaj peev xwm muaj tshwj xeeb nyhuv ntawm simulating tsiaj tawv nqaij.

5). Anti-bacterial thiab noo noo-ua acrylic fiber yog ua los ntawm high-tech Chitosante activator, thiab cov ntaub ua los ntawm nws muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv mildew, deodorization, kev tu tawv nqaij, noo noo nqus, softness, anti-static, plumping, thiab wrinkle-resistant. Vim Chitosante los ntawm adsorption, nkag mus, adhesion, saw linkage thiab lwm yam kev cuam tshuam, thiab fiber ntau ruaj khov, tsis tas yuav muaj resin, thiab zoo heev tiv thaiv kev ntxuav. Kev sim, tom qab 50 lub sij hawm ntawm kev ntxhua khaub ncaws muaj zog, cov ntaub tseem tuaj yeem tuav tau zoo heev antimicrobial peev xwm. Tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg lub cev, nws tsim lub ntuj tsim, tshiab, huv si, huv si, noj qab haus huv thiab xis hnav khaub ncaws zoo, uas yog lub cim tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv acrylic nrog ntau lub zog.

6). Antistatic acrylic fiber tuaj yeem txhim kho cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov fiber ntau, ua rau kev ua haujlwm tom qab textile, antistatic fiber tuaj yeem txhim kho cov ntaub pilling, staining, adherence rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij tshwm sim. Nws tsis muaj kev phiv cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev.

7). Acrylic fiber tseem hu ua cashmere, nws tus cwj pwm zoo ib yam li cov ntaub plaub, tib neeg yuav raug hu ua "synthetic wool". Nws yog polymerized nrog acrylonitrile. Acrylic yog fluffy, mos thiab saj zawg zog, thiab nws cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev kev ua tau zoo dua li cov ntaub plaub. Lub zog ntawm acrylic yog 1-2.5 npaug ntau dua li cov ntaub plaub, yog li cov khaub ncaws "synthetic wool" yog qhov ruaj khov dua li cov khaub ncaws zoo nkauj. Acrylic tshav ntuj, tshav kub, tuaj yeem ironed, lub teeb yuag, cov no yog nws qhov zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nqus dej ntawm acrylic fiber tsis zoo, tsis tuaj yeem nqus dej los ntawm cov dej noo, muab cov neeg kub thiab txias, nws kuj muaj Achilles lub pob taws, uas yog, tsis zoo rau kev puas tsuaj. Kev siv lub ntsiab ntawm acrylic wool staple fiber ntau yog ua rau ntau yam ntaub plaub, xws li texturized xov, acrylic thiab wool blended wool, thiab lwm yam, thiab ntau yam xim ntawm acrylic poj niam tweed, acrylic viscose blended tweed, acrylic tweed thiab lwm yam. Kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau cov plaub hau acrylic, spandex plush, spandex ntxhuav plaub hau thiab lwm yam khoom. Spandex paj rwb staple fiber tuaj yeem woven rau hauv ntau yam khoom knitted, xws li cov ris tsho ncaws pob.

8). Acrylic fiber yog lub npe lag luam ntawm polyacrylonitrile fiber ntau hauv Suav teb, thaum nws hu ua "Auron" thiab "Cashmere" nyob rau txawv teb chaws. Nws yog feem ntau yog cov hluavtaws fiber ntau uas ua los ntawm kev ntub dej los yog qhuav spinning nrog cov copolymer ntau dua 85% ntawm acrylonitrile thiab cov monomers thib ob thiab thib peb. Fibers ua los ntawm spinning copolymer nrog acrylonitrile cov ntsiab lus ntawm 35% thiab 85% yog hu ua hloov polyacrylonitrile fibers.

5. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm Acrylics:

Polymerization → Spinning → Preheating → Steam Drawing → Ntxuav → ziab → Thaum tshav kub kub → Crimping → Txiav → Baling.
1). Kev ua haujlwm ntawm polyacrylonitrile fiber ntau zoo ib yam li cov ntaub plaub, zoo elasticity, elongation 20% thaum lub resilience tseem tuaj yeem tuav tau 65%, fluffy curly thiab mos, warmth yog 15% siab dua li ntaub plaub, hluavtaws ntaub hu ua. Lub zog 22.1～48.5cN/dtex, 1～2.5 npaug siab dua ntaub plaub. Kev tiv thaiv tshav ntuj zoo heev, qhib huab cua rau ib xyoos, qhov kev siv ntawm tsuas yog 20% ​​poob, tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov ntaub, ntaub, ntaub pua plag, phom thiab lwm yam. Resistant rau acid, oxidizer thiab cov organic solvents, tab sis tsis zoo alkali tsis kam. Fiber softening kub ntawm 190 ~ 230 ℃.

2). Acrylic fiber yog lub npe hu ua cov ntaub plaub. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov mos mos, loj, yooj yim rau zas xim, ci xim, lub teeb ua haujlwm, tiv thaiv kab mob, tsis ntshai kab, thiab lwm yam.

3). Polyacrylonitrile fiber ntau tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog cov ntaub plaub rau hauv cov ntaub plaub, los yog woven rau hauv daim pam, ntaub pua plag, thiab lwm yam, tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog paj rwb, rayon, lwm yam hluavtaws fibers, woven rau hauv ntau yam khaub ncaws thiab khoom siv sab hauv tsev. Polyacrylonitrile fiber ntau cov ntaub plaub tuaj yeem ua kom huv si, lossis sib xyaw nrog viscose fiber, ntaub plaub, kom tau txais ntau yam kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm nruab nrab thiab ntxhib plaub hau thiab zoo nkauj "cashmere".

4). Polyacrylonitrile fiber ntau tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog cov ntaub plaub rau hauv cov ntaub plaub, los yog woven rau hauv daim pam, ntaub pua plag, thiab lwm yam, tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog paj rwb, rayon, lwm yam hluavtaws fibers, woven rau hauv ntau yam khaub ncaws thiab khoom siv sab hauv tsev. Polyacrylonitrile fiber ntau cov ntaub plaub tuaj yeem ua kom huv si, lossis sib xyaw nrog viscose fiber, ntaub plaub, kom tau txais ntau yam kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm nruab nrab thiab ntxhib plaub hau thiab zoo nkauj "cashmere".

6. Txoj kev tsim khoom

1). Polyacrylonitrile fiber ntau yuav tsum muaj siab purity ntawm raw khoom acrylonitrile, thiab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau yam impurities yuav tsum tsawg tshaj li 0.005%. Qhov thib ob monomer ntawm polymerization tsuas yog siv methyl acrylate, kuj siv tau methyl methacrylate, lub hom phiaj yog los txhim kho cov spinnability thiab fiber ntau, softness thiab elasticity; thib peb monomer yog tsuas yog los txhim kho cov dyeing ntawm fiber ntau, feem ntau rau cov tsis muaj zog acidic dyeing pab pawg neeg ntawm itaconic acid, muaj zog acidic dyeing pab pawg neeg uas muaj sodium acrylenesulfonate, sodium methacrylenesulfonate, sodium methacrylamides benzene sulfonate, muaj alkaline pyridine dyeing pab pawg neeg.

2). Acrylic yog lub npe lag luam ntawm polyacrylonitrile fiber ntau hauv Suav teb. Acrylic fiber muaj kev ua tau zoo heev, vim nws qhov ze rau cov ntaub plaub, yog li nws hu ua "synthetic wool". Txij li thaum muaj ntau lawm nyob rau hauv 1950, nws tau tsim heev heev, tag nrho cov zis ntawm acrylic fiber nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog 2.52 lab tons nyob rau hauv 1996, thiab cov zis ntawm peb lub teb chaws yog 297,000 tons, thiab peb lub teb chaws yuav vigorously tsim zus tau tej cov acrylic fiber nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. Txawm hais tias acrylic fiber feem ntau hu ua polyacrylonitrile fiber, tab sis acrylonitrile (tseem hu ua thawj monomer) tsuas yog 90% mus rau 94%, qhov thib ob monomer suav txog 5% mus rau 8%, thiab thib peb monomer yog 0.3% rau 2.0%. Qhov no yog vim qhov tsis yooj yim ntawm cov fibers ua los ntawm ib qho acrylonitrile polymer, uas yog nkig thiab nyuaj heev rau zas. Yuav kom kov yeej cov kev tsis txaus ntawm polyacrylonitrile, tib neeg siv txoj kev ntxiv cov monomer thib ob los ua cov fiber ntau; ntxiv qhov thib peb monomer los txhim kho lub peev xwm dyeing.

7. Kev tsim khoom ntawm Acrylic Fiber

Cov khoom siv raw ntawm acrylic fiber yog pheej yig propylene los ntawm cov khoom siv roj av tawg: vim hais tias cov polyacrylonitrile copolymer tsuas yog decomposes tab sis tsis yaj thaum rhuab saum 230 ℃, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem yaj-spun zoo li polyester thiab nylon fibers, thiab nws siv txoj kev daws spinning. Spinning tuaj yeem siv qhuav, tuaj yeem siv ntub dej. Qhuav spinning ceev yog siab, haum rau spinning simulation txhob lo lo ntxhuav ntaub. Zoo heev rau zus tau tej cov luv fibers, fluffy thiab mos, haum rau zus tau tej cov imitation wool fabrics.

8. Cov khoom thiab kev siv ntawm Acrylic

1). Elasticity: Nws muaj elasticity zoo dua, thib ob tsuas yog polyester thiab li 2 npaug siab dua nylon. Nws muaj zoo conformability.

2). Lub zog: Lub zog ntawm acrylic fiber tsis zoo li polyester thiab nylon, tab sis nws yog 1 ~ 2.5 npaug siab dua ntaub plaub.

3). Thaum tshav kub kub tsis kam: qhov softening kub ntawm fiber ntau yog 190-230 ℃, uas yog thib ob tsuas yog polyester hauv hluavtaws fibers.

4). Lub teeb tsis kam: lub teeb tsis kam ntawm acrylic yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov hluavtaws fibers. Tom qab raug tshav ntuj rau ib xyoos, lub zog tsuas yog txo los ntawm 20%.

5). Acrylic yog resistant rau acids, oxidizers thiab cov organic solvents, tab sis tsis alkali. Cov khoom tiav ntawm Acrylic muaj qhov zoo fluffiness, zoo warmth, soft handfeel, zoo huab cua tsis kam thiab tiv thaiv pwm thiab tiv thaiv npauj. Qhov sov ntawm acrylic yog li 15% siab dua li ntaub plaub. Acrylic tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog cov ntaub plaub, thiab cov khoom siv feem ntau yog siv rau pej xeem siv, xws li ntaub plaub, pam, knitted sportswear, poncho, curtains, dag fur, plush thiab lwm yam. Acrylic kuj yog cov khoom siv raw ntawm carbon fiber, uas yog cov khoom siv high-tech.

IV. Chlorine Fiber ntau

Txawm hais tias polyvinyl chloride yog cov khoom qub tshaj plaws ntawm cov yas, tab sis kom txog rau thaum cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov kuab tshuaj yuav tsum tau siv rau spinning, thiab txhim kho cov thermal stability ntawm cov fiber ntau, kom cov chlorine fiber ntau txhim kho. Vim yog cov khoom siv raw khoom ntau, cov txheej txheem yooj yim, tus nqi qis, thiab muaj lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb, yog li nws muaj qee txoj haujlwm hauv cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Txawm hais tias polyvinyl chloride tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog cov yas yas, yaj spinning, tab sis feem ntau ntawm lawv tseem siv acetone ua cov kuab tshuaj, tshuaj spinning thiab tsim cov chlorinated fibers.

1. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm chlorine

Nws yog nplaim hluav taws kub, sov, tshav ntuj, hnav, corrosion thiab npauj tiv thaiv, elasticity kuj zoo heev, tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv ntau hom knitted fabrics, zuag qhia tag nrho, pam vov, lim, hlua velvet, tsev pheeb suab, thiab lwm yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim nws yog qhov zoo rau sov so, yooj yim los tsim thiab tswj cov hluav taws xob zoo li qub, nws yog ua los ntawm knitted ris tsho hauv qab ntawm cov kab mob rheumatoid. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tsis zoo dyeing, tshav kub shrinkage, txwv nws daim ntawv thov. Kev txhim kho yog ua nrog lwm cov fiber ntau ntau copolymer (xws li vinyl chloride) lossis nrog lwm cov fibers (xws li viscose fibers) rau emulsion blending spinning.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm VCM kuj tseem ceeb, piv txwv li cov cua sov tsis zoo.

2. Kev faib tawm ntawm chlorine

Staple fiber, filament thiab mane. Cov chlorine staple fiber ntau tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov paj rwb ntaub plaub, ntaub plaub thiab knitted ris tsho hauv qab, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntaub no muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau kev saib xyuas cov neeg mob rheumatoid. Tsis tas li ntawd, polyvinyl chloride tuaj yeem ua tiav rau hauv cov nplaim hluav taws kub nyhiab rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb, xws li cov rooj zaum thiab cov tsev pheeb suab. Lawv kuj tau siv los ua cov ntaub lim dej, cov khaub ncaws ua haujlwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv insulating.

3. Kev tshwm sim

1). Morphology Chloroplastic muaj ib tug du longitudinal nto los yog 1 los yog 2 grooves, thiab tus ntoo khaub lig-section yog ze rau ncig.

2). combustion zog Vim muaj ntau cov chlorine atoms nyob rau hauv lub molecules ntawm Chloroplast, nws yog refractory rau combustion. Chloroplastic tawm tam sim ntawd tom qab tawm hauv qhov hluav taws kub, thiab cov cuab yeej no muaj kev siv tshwj xeeb hauv kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws.

3). Strong elongation Chloroplastic lub zog yog ze rau ntawm cov paj rwb, elongation ntawm tawg yog ntau dua li cov paj rwb, elasticity zoo dua li cov paj rwb, thiab kev puas tsuaj kuj tseem muaj zog dua li cov paj rwb.

4). Kev nqus dej noo thiab dyeing ntawm polyvinyl chloride yog qhov me me, yuav luag tsis yog-hygroscopic. Txawm li cas los xij, Chloroplast nyuaj rau zas xim, feem ntau tsuas yog dispersive dyes tuaj yeem siv rau dyeing.

5). Kev ruaj ntseg tshuaj ntawm chloroplastic acid thiab alkali, oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab txo cov neeg ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm zoo, yog li ntawd, chloroplastic fabrics yog tsim rau cov ntaub lim dej, cov khaub ncaws ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv tiv thaiv.

6). Ua kom sov, tiv thaiv tshav kub, thiab lwm yam Chloroplastic lub teeb yuag, sov so zoo, haum rau qhov chaw ntub dej thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov khaub ncaws ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub rwb thaiv tsev muaj zog, yooj yim los tsim hluav taws xob zoo li qub, thiab cov cua sov tsis zoo, nyob rau hauv 60 ~ 70 ℃ thaum pib contraction, mus rau 100 ℃ thaum lub decomposition, yog li nyob rau hauv lub ntxuav thiab ironing yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov kub thiab txias.

4. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb thiab qhov sib txawv

1). Viscose (nqus nqus dej thiab yooj yim rau zas)

ib. Nws yog ib tug txiv neej tsim cellulose fiber, ua los ntawm kev daws txoj kev spinning, vim yog cov tub ntxhais txheej ntawm fiber ntau thiab txheej txheej ntawm solidification tus nqi tsis zoo ib yam, tsim ntawm daim tawv nqaij-ntxhais qauv (los ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig-section slices yuav pom kom meej). Viscose yog qhov nqus dej noo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj fiber ntau, dyeing zoo heev, hnav kev nplij siab, viscose elasticity tsis zoo, lub zog ntawm lub xeev ntub dej, kev txhuam tsis zoo yog qhov tsis zoo, yog li viscose tsis resistant rau kev ntxuav, tsis zoo seem stability. Lub ntiajteb txawj nqus tshwj xeeb, ntaub hnyav, alkali tsis kam tsis kam acid.

b. Viscose fiber ntau muaj ntau yam kev siv, yuav luag txhua hom textiles yuav siv tau, xws li filament rau hauv ob sab phlu, zoo nkauj silk, chij, ribbon, log qaum, thiab lwm yam.; luv fibers rau imitation ntawm paj rwb, imitation ntawm ntaub plaub, blending, interweaving, thiab lwm yam.

2). Polyester (ncaj thiab tsis wrinkled)

ib. Cov yam ntxwv: siab zog, zoo cuam tshuam, kub tsis kam, corrosion kuj, npauj tsis kam, acid kuj, alkali tsis kam, lub teeb kuj zoo heev (thib ob rau acrylic), raug rau lub hnub rau 1000 teev, lub zog los tswj 60-70%, hygroscopicity yog heev tsis zoo, dyeing yog nyuaj, cov ntaub yog yooj yim los ntxuav thiab ceev kom qhuav. Nws muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm "washable".

b. Filament: feem ntau raws li cov ntaub qhwv elasticity tsawg, ua ntau yam ntawm textiles;

c. Staple fiber: paj rwb, ntaub plaub, hemp, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem sib xyaw.

d. Kev lag luam: log tsheb, nuv ntses nets, ropes, lim ntaub, ntug rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv. Tam sim no yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj fiber ntau.

3). Nylon (muaj zog thiab hnav-resistant)

ib. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog muaj zog thiab hnav-resistant, yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov ntom me me, lub teeb ntaub, zoo elasticity, qaug zog puas ua haujlwm, tshuaj lom neeg stability kuj zoo heev, alkali thiab acid kuj!

b. Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws yog qhov kev tiv thaiv tshav ntuj tsis zoo, cov ntaub yuav tig daj tom qab lub hnub ntev, lub zog poob qis, kev nqus dej tsis zoo, tab sis zoo dua li acrylic, polyester.

c. Siv: filament, feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam knitting thiab silk; staple fibers, feem ntau yog sib xyaw nrog cov ntaub plaub los yog ntaub plaub chemical fiber, xws li wadding, vannettin thiab lwm yam.

d. Kev lag luam: qaum thiab nuv ntses nets, kuj tuaj yeem siv ua ntaub pua plag, hlua, conveyor siv, cov ntxaij vab tshaus, thiab lwm yam.

4). Acrylic fiber ntau (qhov loj thiab tshav ntuj-resistant)

ib. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm acrylic fiber ntau zoo li ntaub plaub, yog li nws hu ua "synthetic wool".

b. Cov qauv molecular: Acrylic fiber yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv nws cov qauv sab hauv, nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kauv tsis zoo thiab tsis muaj qhov nruj crystallization, tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab thiab qis. Vim tias cov qauv no, Acrylic muaj cov thermal elasticity zoo (tuaj yeem ua tiav raws li cov xov paj loj), thiab qhov ntom ntawm Acrylic yog me me, me dua li cov ntaub plaub, yog li cov ntaub muaj qhov sov so zoo.

c. Cov yam ntxwv: tshav ntuj tiv thaiv thiab huab cua tiv thaiv zoo heev (hauv thawj qhov chaw), kev nqus dej tsis zoo, dyeing nyuaj.

d. Ntshiab acrylonitrile fiber ntau, vim yog cov qauv sab hauv ntawm qhov nruj, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, yog li los ntawm kev ntxiv qhov thib ob, qhov thib peb monomer, txhim kho nws cov kev ua tau zoo, qhov thib ob monomer los txhim kho: elasticity thiab hnov, qhov thib peb monomer los txhim kho cov dyeing.

e. Kev siv: Feem ntau yog siv rau pej xeem, tuaj yeem ua kom huv si los yog sib tov, ua los ntawm ntau yam ntaub plaub, ntaub plaub, ntaub pua plag, cov khaub ncaws ua kis las kuj tuaj yeem yog: cov plaub tsiaj, plush, yarn loj, dej hose, parasol ntaub thiab lwm yam.

5). Vinylon (dej-soluble hygroscopic)

ib. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog kev nqus dej noo, hluavtaws fibers hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws, hu ua "synthetic paj rwb". Lub zog tshaj brocade, polyester tsis zoo, tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov, tsis tiv taus cov acids muaj zog, alkali tsis kam. Kev tiv thaiv tshav ntuj thiab huab cua kuj zoo heev, tab sis nws yog resistant rau qhuav tshav kub tab sis tsis kub thiab humidity (shrinkage) elasticity yog qhov phem tshaj, cov ntaub yog yooj yim wrinkle, tsis zoo dyeing, xim tsis kaj.

b. Siv: sib xyaw nrog paj rwb; ntaub zoo, poplin, corduroy, ris tsho hauv qab, canvas, tarpaulin, ntim khoom, khaub ncaws ua haujlwm thiab lwm yam.

6). Polypropylene (lub teeb yuag thiab sov):

ib. Polypropylene fiber yog lub teeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj fiber ntau. Nws yuav luag tsis nqus dej noo, tab sis muaj lub peev xwm nqus tau zoo, lub zog siab, ua los ntawm cov ntaub loj ruaj khov, hnav-tiv taus elasticity kuj zoo, zoo tshuaj stability. Thermal stability tsis zoo, tsis tiv taus tshav ntuj, yooj yim rau aging brittle.

b. Kev siv: tuaj yeem xaws thom khwm, yoov tshaj cum ntaub, quilt wadding, sov muab tub lim, ntaub ntub dej thiab lwm yam.

c. Kev lag luam: ntaub pua plag, nuv ntses nets, canvas, hose, kho mob daim kab xev es tsis txhob paj rwb gauze, ua cov khoom siv tu cev.

7). Spandex (elastic fiber):

ib. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws elasticity, lub zog tsis zoo, tsis zoo noo noo nqus, lub teeb pom kev zoo, acid tsis kam, alkali tsis kam, abrasion kuj.

b. Kev siv: Spandex yog dav siv hauv ris tsho hauv qab, poj niam lub ris tsho hauv qab, xws li hnav, ncaws pob, thom khwm, pantyhose, bandages thiab lwm yam textiles, chaw kho mob. Spandex yog ib qho elastic fiber ntau uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khaub ncaws ua haujlwm siab hauv kev nrhiav kev txav thiab yooj yim. Spandex stretches 5 mus rau 7 lub sij hawm los ntawm nws cov qauv qub, yog li nws nyiam hnav, mos rau qhov kov, thiab tsis wrinkle, thiab ib txwm khaws nws cov silhouette qub.

V. Xaus

1. Polyester, nylon: cross-sectional daim ntawv: puag ncig los yog zoo li tus; longitudinal daim ntawv: du.

2. Polyester: ze rau cov nplaim taws: fusion shrinkage; tiv nrog cov nplaim taws: yaj, haus luam yeeb, hlawv qeeb; deb ntawm cov nplaim taws: txuas ntxiv hlawv, qee zaum nws tus kheej tua; tsw: tshwj xeeb aromatic qab zib tsw; residue yam ntxwv: tawv dub hlaws dai.

3. Nylon: ze ntawm cov nplaim taws: yaj shrinkage; tiv nrog nplaim taws: yaj, pa taws; deb ntawm nplaim taws: tus kheej tua; tsw: amino saj; residue yam ntxwv: nyuaj lub teeb xim av pob tshab hlaws.

4. Acrylic fiber: nyob ze ntawm cov nplaim taws: yaj shrinkage; tiv nrog nplaim taws: yaj, pa taws; deb ntawm cov nplaim taws: txuas ntxiv hlawv, pa taws dub; tsw: pungent saj; Cov yam ntxwv ntawm residue: dub hlaws tsis zoo, tsis yooj yim.

5. Spandex fiber ntau: ze ntawm nplaim taws: yaj shrinkage; tiv nrog nplaim taws: yaj, hlawv; deb ntawm nplaim taws: tus kheej tua; tsw: tshwj xeeb saj; residue yam ntxwv: dawb gel.