Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ maara na isi ihe mkpuchi ịwa ahụ na ihe mkpuchi N95 bụ akwa etiti - owu agbaze agbaze.
Ọ bụrụ na ị maghị, ka anyị buru ụzọ nyochaa ya nkenke. A na-ekewa ihe mkpuchi ịwa ahụ ụzọ atọ, ebe elu abụọ dị n'èzí bụ akwa na-adịghị akwa akwa na akwa etiti bụ owu gbazere agbaze. Ma ọ bụ akwa spunbond na-abụghị nke a kpara akpa ma ọ bụ na-agbaze agbaze, ọ bụghị owu, kama nke plastic polypropylene (PP).
Behnam Pourdeyhimi, onye osote onye isi ụlọ ọrụ nke Institute of Non Woven Materials na North Carolina State University na onye prọfesọ nke sayensị ihe, kọwara na ihu na azụ akwa akwa na-abụghị nke a kpara akpa na mkpuchi ịwa ahụ enweghị ikike nyocha microorganisms. Ha nwere ike igbochi naanị ụmụ irighiri mmiri mmiri, ma ọ bụ naanị akwa etiti nke owu agbaze agbaze nwere ọrụ nke nzacha nje bacteria.
Ọrụ nzacha nke agbaze agbaze na-abụghị akwa akwa.
N'ezie, arụmọrụ filtration (FE) nke eriri na-ekpebi site na nkezi dayameta na njupụta ha. Obere dayameta eriri, nke na-arụ ọrụ nzacha dị elu.
Dayameta nke eriri gbazere agbaze agbaze bụ ihe dị ka 0.5-10 microns, ebe dayameta nke eriri oyi akwa spunbond dị ihe dị ka microns 20. N'ihi eriri ultrafine, owu gbazere agbaze nwere nnukwu ebe dị n'elu ma nwee ike ịgbanye ụmụ irighiri ihe dị iche iche. Ihe na-adọrọ mmasị karị bụ na owu agbaze agbaze na-adịtụ ume, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mma maka ịme ihe nzacha nkpuchi, ebe spunbond anaghị kpara akwa adịghị.
Ka anyị lelee usoro nrụpụta nke ụdị abụọ aakwa na-abụghị akwa.
Mgbe ị na-eme akwa spunbond na-abụghị nke a kpara akpa, a na-agbaze polypropylene wee dọba ya n'ime silk, nke na-emezi ntupu ——Tụnyere spunbond nonwoven fabrics, meltblown owu nwere ọtụtụ teknụzụ dị elu karịa, na n'eziokwu, teknụzụ meltblown bụ ugbu a naanị teknụzụ eji eme nnukwu mmepụta nke eriri micron.
Usoro mmepụta nke agbaze agbaze owu
Igwe ahụ nwere ike ịmepụta ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na-agba ọsọ ọsọ, nke ga-efesa polypropylene a wụrụ awụ site na obere oghere gbazee jet nozzle, na-enwe otu mmetụta dị ka ịgba.
Eriri ultrafine na-adịghị mma na-ezukọ na rollers ma ọ bụ efere iji mepụta akwa agbaze agbaze na-abụghị nke a kpara akpa - n'ezie, mkpali maka teknụzụ gbazere agbaze sitere na okike. Eleghị anya ị maghị na okike na-emepụtakwa ihe mgbaze. A na-enwekarị wigs na-ele anya n'akụkụ olulu ugwu mgbawa, bụ ntutu Pele, nke e ji magma basaltic mere nke ifufe na-ekpo ọkụ nke ugwu mgbawa na-efe.
Na 1950s, US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) bu ụzọ jiri teknụzụ meltblown rụpụta eriri maka nzacha ihe redioaktivu. N'oge a, a na-eji teknụzụ agbaze agbaze ọ bụghị naanị iji rụpụta ihe nzacha maka nzacha mmiri na gas, kamakwa maka imepụta ihe mkpuchi ụlọ ọrụ dị ka ajị anụ. Agbanyeghị, arụmọrụ filtration nke owu agbaze agbaze n'onwe ya bụ naanị ihe dịka 25%. Kedu ka nrụpụta nzacha 95% nke masks N95 siri bịa?
Nke a bụ nzọụkwụ dị oke mkpa n'ime usoro mmepụta owu na-agbaze ọgwụ - ọgwụgwọ polarization electrostatic.
Ọ dị ka nke a, dị ka anyị kwurula, arụmọrụ nzacha nke masks metụtara dayameta na njupụta ha. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na a kpachie ya nke ọma, ihe nkpuchi ahụ agaghị enwe ume iku ume, ahụ agaghịkwa ahụ onye na-eyi ya. Ọ bụrụ na emeghị ọgwụgwọ polarization electrostatic, nrụpụta nzacha nke akwa agbaze agbaze nke nwere ike ime ka ndị mmadụ nwee mmetụta nke ntachi obi bụ naanị 25%.
Kedu otu anyị nwere ike isi melite iku ume ka anyị na-ahụ na arụmọrụ filtration?
Na 1995, ọkà mmụta sayensị injinia Peter P. Tsai nke Mahadum Tennessee weputara echiche nke teknụzụ mmiri ozuzo electrostatic ejiri na nzacha ụlọ ọrụ.
N'ụlọ ọrụ (dị ka chimni ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe), ndị injinia na-eji igwe eletrik na-ebuga ụmụ irighiri ihe wee jiri grid ọkụ na-amịpụta ha iji yochaa obere ụmụ irighiri ihe.
Iji teknụzụ precipitator electrostatic nzacha ikuku
N'ịbụ nke nkà na ụzụ a sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ, ọtụtụ ndị agbalịwo ime ka eriri plastik mee ọkụ, mana enwebeghị ihe ịga nke ọma. Mana Cai Bingyi mere ya. Ọ chepụtara usoro iji chajịa rọba, na-eme ka ikuku na-eme ka ikuku na eletrik na-ebunye ákwà na-agbaze agbaze, na-atụgharị ya ka ọ bụrụ electret, ihe na-adịgide adịgide yiri Pikachu.
Mgbe emechara ya ka ọ bụrụ Pikachu, akwa akwa akwa agbaze nke Pikachu enweghị ike iru akwa 10 na-enweghị ọkụ eletrik, kamakwa ọ na-adọta ụmụ irighiri ihe nwere dayameta nke ihe dịka 100 nm, dị ka COVID-19.
Enwere ike ịsị na site na teknụzụ Cai Bingyi, e mepụtara ihe mkpuchi N95. Teknụzụ a na-echebe ọtụtụ ijeri mmadụ gburugburu ụwa.
N'otu aka ahụ, a na-akpọ usoro chaja electrostatic nke Cai Bingyi chaja corona electrostatic, nke bụ otu ụdị corona dị ka coronavirus, mana ebe a corona pụtara corona.
Mgbe na-ekiri n'ichepụta usoro nke ahụike ọkwa gbazee fụrụ owu, ị ga-aghọta ya oru isi ike. N'ezie, akụkụ kachasị sie ike nke usoro mmepụta nke owu na-agbaze nwere ike ịbụ mmepụta nke owu agbaze agbaze.
N'ọnwa Maachị nke afọ a, Markus M ü ller, onye isi ahịa nke Reicol, onye Germany na-ebupụta igwe na-agbaze agbaze, kwuru na N'ajụjụ ọnụ NPR na iji hụ na eriri ndị ahụ dị mma na nke kwụsiri ike, igwe na-agbaze na-achọ oke nkenke ma sie ike ịmepụta. Oge mmepụta na mgbakọ nke igwe dịkarịa ala ọnwa 5-6, na ọnụahịa nke igwe ọ bụla nwere ike iru $ 4 nde. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ igwe ndị dị n'ahịa nwere ọkwa na-adịghị mma.
Hills, Inc. dị na Florida bụ otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta ihe ole na ole n'ụwa nke nwere ike ịmepụta ihe mkpuchi ihe mkpuchi owu. Timothy Robson, onye njikwa R&D nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, kwukwara na akụrụngwa owu agbaze agbaze nwere nnukwu ọdịnaya teknụzụ.
Agbanyeghị na China na-emepụta ihe mkpuchi kwa afọ bụ ihe dị ka 50% nke mkpokọta ụwa, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye na-emepụta ihe na onye na-ebupụ ihe mkpuchi, dị ka data sitere na China Industrial Textile Industry Association na February, mmepụta mba nke akwa agbaze agbaze na-erughị 100000 tọn kwa afọ, na-egosi ụkọ dị ukwuu nke akwa agbaze na-abụghị nke a kpara akpa.
N'ịtụle ọnụahịa na oge nnyefe nke igwe na-emepụta akwa na-agbaze agbaze, obere azụmaahịa agaghị enwe ike imepụta nnukwu owu agbaze agbaze n'ime obere oge.
Kedu otu esi achọpụta ma ọ bụrụ na ihe nkpuchi azụrụ ruru eru ma mee nke agbaze agbaze owu?
Usoro n'ezie dị nnọọ mfe, mee nzọụkwụ atọ.
Nke mbu, n'ihi na akwa oyi akwa nke spunbond anaghị kpara akpa na kuki sanwichi nwere ihe anaghị egbochi mmiri, ihe mkpuchi ahụike tozuru oke kwesịrị ịbụ nke enweghị mmiri. Ọ bụrụ na mmiri anaghị egbochi ha, olee otú ha ga-esi enyocha ụmụ irighiri mmiri a na-efesa n'ọnụ? Ị nwere ike ịnwa ịwụsa mmiri dị ka nnukwu nwanne a.
Nke abuo, polypropylene adịghị mfe ịnweta ọkụ ma na-agbaze mgbe ọ na-ekpo ọkụ, ya mere na-agbaze owu na-agbaze agaghị ere. Ọ bụrụ na ejiri ọkụ ọkụ sie ya, owu a gbazere agbaze ga-apịakọta wee dapụ, mana ọkụ agaghị agba ya. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na etiti oyi akwa nke ihe mkpuchi ị zụrụ na-ere ọkụ mgbe ejiri ọkụ mee achịcha, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ adịgboroja.
Nke atọ, owu agbaze agbaze n'ọgwụ ike bụ Pikachu, nke nwere ọkụ eletrik kwụ ọtọ, ya mere ọ nwere ike iburu obere mpempe akwụkwọ.
N'ezie, ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ iji otu ihe nkpuchi ahụ ọtụtụ oge, onye mepụtara N95, Cai Bingyi, nwekwara aro mgbochi.
Na Machị 25th nke afọ a, Cai Bingyi kwuru na webụsaịtị nke Mahadum Tennessee na mmetụta electrostatic polarization nke ihe mkpuchi ahụike na ihe mkpuchi N95 kwụsiri ike. Ọbụlagodi na ejiri ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpochapụ ihe mkpuchi ahụ na ogo Celsius 70 maka nkeji iri atọ, ọ naghị emetụta njirimara polarization nke ihe mkpuchi ahụ. Otú ọ dị, mmanya na-aba n'anya ga-ebupụ ụgwọ nke ákwà na-agbaze agbaze, n'ihi ya, ejirila mmanya na-egbu ihe nkpuchi ahụ.
Site n'ụzọ, n'ihi mmịnye siri ike, ihe mgbochi, nzacha, na nkà mgbochi mgbochi nke owu agbaze agbaze, a na-ejikwa ya mee ọtụtụ ngwaahịa na diaper. Kimberly Clark bụ onye mbụ tinyere akwụkwọ maka patent dị mkpa.
Ụgwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ Dongguan Liansheng Non Woven Technology Co., Ltd.e hiwere na Mee 2020. Ọ bụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-abụghị akwa na-ejikọta nyocha na mmepe, mmepụta na ahịa. Ọ nwere ike ịmepụta agba dị iche iche nke PP spunbond akwa na-abụghị kpara nke nwere obosara nke na-erughị 3.2 mita site na gram 9 ruo 300.
Oge nzipu: Ọktoba 26-2024