Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti pachimake masks opangira opaleshoni ndi masks a N95 ndi gawo lapakati - thonje losungunuka.
Ngati simukudziwa, tiyeni tiwunikenso mwachidule kaye. Masks opangira opaleshoni amagawika m'magulu atatu, ndipo zigawo ziwiri zakunja zimakhala za spunbond zosalukidwa ndipo gawo lapakati ndi thonje losungunuka. Kaya ndi nsalu ya spunbond yosalukidwa kapena thonje yosungunuka, samapangidwa ndi thonje, koma ndi polypropylene ya pulasitiki (PP).
Behnam Pourdeyhimi, wachiwiri kwa director wa Institute of Non Woven Materials ku North Carolina State University komanso pulofesa wa sayansi yazinthu, adafotokoza kuti zigawo zakutsogolo ndi zakumbuyo za nsalu zosalukidwa pamaski opangira opaleshoni sizimatha kusefa tizilombo. Amatha kuletsa madontho amadzimadzi okha, ndipo gawo lapakati lokha la thonje losungunuka lili ndi ntchito yosefera mabakiteriya.
Ntchito yosefera yosungunula yowombedwa yopanda nsalu.
M'malo mwake, kusefera bwino (FE) kwa ulusi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mainchesi awo ndi kachulukidwe kake. Kuchepa kwa fiber diameter, kumapangitsanso kusefera bwino.
Kutalika kwa ulusi womalizidwa wa thonje wosungunuka ndi pafupifupi ma microns 0.5-10, pomwe ulusi wa spunbond wosanjikiza umakhala pafupifupi ma microns 20. Chifukwa cha ultrafine ulusi, kusungunula kuwombedwa thonje ali lalikulu pamwamba m'dera ndipo akhoza adsorb zosiyanasiyana yaying'ono particles. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi chakuti thonje losungunuka ndilosavuta kupuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chinthu chabwino chopangira zosefera za chigoba, pomwe nsalu yopanda nsalu ya spunbond si.
Tiyeni tione njira yopangira mitundu iwiriyi yansalu zosalukidwa.
Popanga nsalu zopanda nsalu za spunbond, polypropylene imasungunuka ndikukokera mu silika, yomwe imapanga mauna - Poyerekeza ndi nsalu za spunbond nonwoven, thonje losungunuka lili ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo kwenikweni, ukadaulo wa meltblown ndiye ukadaulo wokhawo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ulusi waukulu wa micron.
Njira yopangira thonje yosungunuka
Makinawa amatha kutulutsa mpweya wotentha kwambiri, womwe umatha kupopera mafuta osungunuka a polypropylene kuchokera pamphuno yaying'ono kwambiri yosungunula jet, zomwe zimafanana ndi kupopera.
Misty ultrafine fibers imasonkhana pazitsulo kapena mbale kuti zisungunuke nsalu zosalukidwa - makamaka, kudzoza kwa teknoloji yosungunuka kumachokera ku chilengedwe. Mwina simukudziwa kuti chilengedwe chimapanganso zinthu zosungunuka. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mawigi owoneka odabwitsa pafupi ndi zibowo zophulika, zomwe ndi tsitsi la Pele, lomwe limapangidwa ndi magma a basaltic omwe amawombedwa ndi mphepo yotentha ya phirilo.
M’zaka za m’ma 1950, bungwe la US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) linayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa meltblown kupanga ulusi wosefa zinthu zotulutsa ma radio. Masiku ano, ukadaulo wosungunula umasungunuka sikuti umangogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zosefera zosefera madzi ndi gasi, komanso kupanga zida zotchinjiriza zamafakitale monga ubweya wa mchere. Komabe, kusefera kwa thonje losungunuka lokha kuli pafupifupi 25%. Kodi kusefa kwa 95% kwa masks a N95 kunabwera bwanji?
Ichi ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri popanga thonje lachipatala losungunuka - electrostatic polarization treatment.
Zili chonchi, monga tanena kale, kusefera kwa masks kumayenderana ndi mainchesi awo komanso kachulukidwe kake. Komabe, chikalukidwa mwamphamvu kwambiri, chigobacho sichingapume ndipo wovalayo sakhala bwino. Ngati chithandizo cha electrostatic polarization sichinachitike, kusefa kwa nsalu yosungunula yomwe ingapangitse kuti anthu azimva kuti akukanika ndi 25% yokha.
Kodi tingatani kuti tizipuma bwino ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kusefa bwino?
Mu 1995, katswiri wa sayansi ya zomangamanga Peter P. Tsai wochokera ku yunivesite ya Tennessee anabwera ndi lingaliro la teknoloji ya electrostatic precipitation yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito posefera mafakitale.
M'makampani (monga machumu a fakitale), mainjiniya amagwiritsa ntchito malo amagetsi kuti azilipiritsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kenako amagwiritsa ntchito gridi yamagetsi kuyamwa kuti asefe tinthu tating'ono kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa electrostatic precipitator kusefa mpweya
Polimbikitsidwa ndi ukadaulo uwu, anthu ambiri ayesa kuyika magetsi ulusi wapulasitiki, koma sanapambane. Koma Cai Bingyi adachita. Anapanga njira yolipiritsa pulasitiki, ionizing mpweya ndi electrostatically kulipiritsa nsalu yosungunuka, kusandulika kukhala electret, zinthu zomwe zimayikidwa kosatha monga Pikachu.
Atasinthidwa kukhala Pikachu, wosanjikiza wa Pikachu wosungunula nsalu sangangofikira zigawo 10 popanda magetsi, komanso kukopa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tokwana 100 nm, monga COVID-19.
Titha kunena kuti ndiukadaulo wa Cai Bingyi, masks a N95 adapangidwa. Miyoyo ya anthu mabiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi imatetezedwa ndiukadaulowu.
Zinangochitika kuti, njira ya Cai Bingyi yopangira ma electrostatic charger imatchedwa corona electrostatic charging, yomwe ndi mtundu womwewo wa corona ngati coronavirus, koma apa corona amatanthauza corona.
Mutawona momwe amapangira kalasi yachipatala atasungunula thonje, mumvetsetsa zovuta zake. Ndipotu, gawo lovuta kwambiri la kupanga thonje losungunuka likhoza kukhala makina opanga thonje losungunuka.
Mu March chaka chino, Markus Mü ller, mkulu wa malonda a Reicol, wogulitsa ku Germany wa makina osungunuka a meltblown, adanena poyankhulana ndi NPR kuti pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ulusiwo ndi wabwino komanso wosasunthika, makina osungunuka amafunikira kulondola kwambiri ndipo ndi ovuta kupanga. Kupanga ndi kusonkhanitsa nthawi ya makina ndi miyezi 5-6, ndipo mtengo wa makina aliwonse ukhoza kufika $ 4 miliyoni. Komabe, makina ambiri pamsika ali ndi milingo yosagwirizana.
Hills, Inc. ku Florida ndi amodzi mwa opanga ochepa padziko lapansi omwe amatha kupanga milomo ya thonje yosungunuka. Timothy Robson, woyang'anira R&D wa kampaniyo, adanenanso kuti zida za thonje zosungunuka zili ndiukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri.
Ngakhale kupanga masks ku China pachaka kumakhala pafupifupi 50% ya dziko lonse lapansi, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yopanga kwambiri komanso kutumiza kunja kwa masks, malinga ndi zomwe bungwe la China Industrial Textile Industry Association mu February, kupanga dziko lonse lapansi kwa nsalu zosalukidwa zosalukidwa ndi zosakwana matani 100000 pachaka, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa nsalu zosalukidwa.
Poganizira za mtengo ndi nthawi yobweretsera makina opangira nsalu zosungunuka, mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono sangapange thonje wambiri wosungunuka m'kanthawi kochepa.
Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati chigoba chogulidwa ndi choyenera komanso chopangidwa ndi thonje losungunuka?
Njirayi ndi yophweka kwambiri, tengani njira zitatu.
Choyamba, chifukwa chosanjikiza chakunja cha spunbond chosalukidwa mu makeke a masangweji chili ndi zinthu zopanda madzi, masks oyenerera azachipatala amayenera kukhala opanda madzi. Ngati alibe madzi, angasefe bwanji madontho opopera kuchokera mkamwa? Mutha kuyesa kuthira madzi ngati mkuluyu.
Kachiwiri, polypropylene siyosavuta kugwira moto ndipo imakonda kusungunuka ikatenthedwa, kotero kuti thonje losungunula siliyaka. Ngati zophikidwa ndi choyatsira, thonje losungunuka limagudubuzika ndikugwa, koma siligwira moto. Mwanjira ina, ngati wosanjikiza wapakati wa chigoba chomwe mumagula ayaka moto mukawotcha ndi chowunikira, ndiye kuti ndi zabodza.
Chachitatu, thonje losungunuka lachipatala ndi Pikachu, lomwe lili ndi magetsi osasunthika, kotero limatha kutola mapepala ang'onoang'ono.
Zachidziwikire, ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito chigoba chomwecho kangapo, woyambitsa N95, Cai Bingyi, alinso ndi malingaliro opha tizilombo.
Pa Marichi 25 chaka chino, Cai Bingyi adanena patsamba la University of Tennessee kuti ma electrostatic polarization a masks azachipatala ndi masks a N95 ndiokhazikika. Ngakhale masks ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mpweya wotentha pa madigiri 70 Celsius kwa mphindi 30, sizikhudza mphamvu za polarization za masks. Komabe, mowa umachotsa chiwongolero cha nsalu yosungunula, chifukwa chake musachotse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mowa.
Mwa njira, chifukwa cha kuyamwa mwamphamvu, zotchinga, kusefera, komanso luso loletsa kutayikira kwa thonje losungunuka, zinthu zambiri zachikazi ndi matewera amapangidwanso nazo. Kimberly Clark anali woyamba kufunsira ma patent oyenera.
Dongguan Liansheng Non Woven Technology Co., Ltd.idakhazikitsidwa mu Meyi 2020. Ndi bizinesi yayikulu yopanda nsalu yopanga nsalu kuphatikiza kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, kupanga, ndi malonda. Itha kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsalu za PP spunbond zosalukidwa ndi m'lifupi mwake osakwana 3.2 metres kuchokera ku 9 magalamu mpaka 300 magalamu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-26-2024