Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino nsalu zopanda nsalu zolima mbande za mpunga

1.Ubwino wa nsalu zopanda nsalu zolima mbande za mpunga

1.1 Imakhala yotsekeredwa komanso yopumira, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa bedi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mbande zapamwamba komanso zolimba.

1.2 Palibe mpweya wokwanira wofunikira pakulima mbande, zomwe zimapulumutsa ntchito ndi ntchito. Nsalu yosalukidwa imakhala yopepuka komanso yong'ambika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kubzala mbande mochedwa.

1.3 Low madzi evaporation, kuchepetsa kuthirira pafupipafupi ndi kuchuluka.

1.4 Nsalu zosalukidwa ndi zolimba komanso zotha kuchapa, ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza kwa zaka zitatu.

1.5 arched mbande kulima kumafuna nsalu imodzi yokha yopanda nsalu pa bedi, pamene filimu ya pulasitiki imafuna mapepala 1.50, omwe ndi otchipa kusiyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito filimu ya pulasitiki ndipo ali ndi vuto lochepa la chilengedwe.

2. Kukonzekera mbande

2.1 Konzani zipangizo zokwanira zolimitsira mbande: nsalu zosalukidwa, zoyala, nthaka yazakudya, zowongolera, ndi zina zambiri.

2.2 Sankhani malo oyenera kuswana: Nthawi zambiri, sankhani malo athyathyathya, owuma, okhetsedwa mosavuta, komanso olowera mphepo komwe kumawoneka dzuwa; Kulima mbande ku Honda, ndikofunikira kusankha malo okwera kwambiri ndikupanga nsanja kuti mukwaniritse kulima kowuma.

2.3 Sankhani njira zoyenera zolitsira mbande: kulima mbande zowuma, kulima mbande zofewa, kulima mbande zodzipatula, ndi kulima mbande za thireyi.

2.4 Kukonzekera pansi ndi kupanga bedi: nthawi zambiri 10-15cm, ndi ngalande yakuya 10cm. Mukamabzala mbande m'minda yowuma komanso yowuma, ndikwanira kukhala pabedi lathyathyathya kapena bedi lalitali pang'ono.

3. Kukonza mbewu

Musanabzale, sankhani nyengo yabwino kwa dzuwa kwa masiku 2-3. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi amchere kusankha mbewu (20 g mchere pa kilogalamu imodzi ya madzi). Mukasankha, muzimutsuka bwino ndi madzi. Zilowerereni njere mu 300-400 nthawi za mbeu zoviikidwa kwa masiku 5-7 mpaka masamba atasweka.

4 .Kufesa

4.1 Dziwani nthawi yoyenera yofesa ndi kuchuluka kwake. Nthawi zambiri, tsiku lomwe mbande za mbande zimamera m'malo obzala, zomwe ndi masiku omwe mbande zimamera, zimawerengedwa cham'mbuyo kuyambira tsiku lomwe mbande zabzala. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kubzala kukukonzekera pa Meyi 20 ndipo zaka zobzala ndi masiku 35, ndiye kuti Epulo 15, lomwe ndi tsiku lobzala, lidzakankhidwira m'mbuyo masiku 35 kuyambira Meyi 20. Pakadali pano, kupatsirana mpunga makamaka kumagwiritsa ntchito mbande zapakatikati, zokhala ndi mbande zamasiku 30-35.

4.2 Kukonza Dothi Lokhala ndi Zakudya Zopatsa thanzi. Gwiritsani ntchito manyowa a m'munda wowola, kuthira bwino ndikusefa, ndikusakaniza ndi dothi lamunda kapena dothi lina la alendo mu chiyerekezo cha 1:2-3 kuti mupange nthaka yazakudya. Onjezani 150g ya mbande yolimbitsa mbande, ndi kusakaniza nthaka mofanana.

4.3 Ndondomeko Yofesa. Khalani pabedi mosamala ndikutsanulira madzi bwino; Tsatirani mfundo ya kufesa kochepa ndi kulima mbande zamphamvu; Kulima mbande zowuma kumaphatikizapo kufesa 200-300g ya njere zouma pa sikweya mita imodzi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mbeu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polima mbande zitha kuchepetsedwa moyenerera pogwiritsa ntchito thireyi zofewa kapena zoponyera.

Mbewu ziyenera kufesedwa mofanana, ndipo mutatha kufesa, gwiritsani ntchito tsache kapena bolodi losalala kuti mugwire kapena kukanikiza njere munthaka mbali zitatu. Ndiye wogawana kuphimba ndi wosanjikiza 0,50cm wa sieved lotayirira nthaka yabwino kusindikiza ndi kupha udzu, ndi kuphimba ndi pulasitiki filimu. Nthawi yomweyo phimbani pamwamba pa bedi ndi filimu ya pulasitiki yopyapyala kwambiri yomwe imakhala yotalikirana ndi bedi komanso yotalikirapo pang'ono kuposa bedi pambuyo pa kutseka ndi kupalira, kuti muwonjezere kutentha ndi kusunga chinyezi, kulimbikitsa mbande mwamsanga komanso mofulumira. Mbande zikatuluka, chotsani filimu yapulasitiki imeneyi nthawi yake kuti mbande zisamawotche kwambiri.

4.4 Phimbani ndi nsalu zosalukidwa. Wokutidwa ndi arches. Ikani mafupa molingana ndi mchitidwe wamba wa lonse bedi lotseguka ndi kutsekedwa ulimi filimu mmera kulima, kuphimba ndi sanali nsalu nsalu, akanikizire mwamphamvu ndi dothi mozungulira, ndiyeno kumanga chingwe.

Chophimba chathyathyathya chopanda mafupa. Njirayi ndikumangira dothi lozungulira mozungulira bedi lotalika 10-15cm, ndiyeno tambasulani nsalu yopanda nsalu yosalala. Mbali zinayizo zimayikidwa pamphepete ndi kukanikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi dothi. Zingwe zokhotakhota mphepo ndi ulimi wina wofotokozera.

5. Kasamalidwe ka mbande

Non nsalu nsalu mbande kulima sikutanthauza pamanja mpweya mpweya ndi kulima, ndipo palinso kawirikawiri zimachitika bakiteriya wilt. Chifukwa chake, malinga ngati chidwi chimaperekedwa pakubwezeretsanso madzi ndikuchotsa filimu yapulasitiki panthawi yake.

5.1 Kuchotsa mamembrane ndikuwonjezeranso madzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi bwino pakulima mbande zopanda nsalu ndikwambiri, ndipo kuthirira kwathunthu panthawi ya mbande ndikocheperako poyerekeza ndi kulima mbande za pulasitiki. Ngati chinyontho cha bedi sichikukwanira, chosagwirizana, kapena nthaka yasanduka yoyera chifukwa cha mbande zosayenera, gwiritsani ntchito kuthirira popopera nsalu pansaluyo. Ngati dothi la bedi liri lonyowa kwambiri kapena lopanda madzi pamene mukukweza mbande ku Honda kapena madera otsika, m'pofunika kuchotsa filimu ya bedi pamwamba pa bedi ndi mpweya pabedi kuti muchotse chinyezi, kuteteza masamba ovunda ndi mbewu zoipa, ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mizu. Powonjezera madzi, choyamba, ayenera kuwonjezeredwa bwino, ndipo kachiwiri, ayenera kuchitika m'mawa kapena madzulo kuti asatenthe kutentha masana. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ouma kuti mupewe "madzi ozizira omwe amatsanulira pamutu wotentha". Chachitatu, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chidebe chothirira bwino m'maso kupopera m'malo mosefukira.

Pamene mbande za mpunga zili ndi mutu wobiriwira, filimu ya pulasitiki yomwe imayikidwa pansi pa bedi iyenera kutulutsidwa, ndiyeno malo owonekera ayenera kubwezeretsedwa ndi kuphatikizika.

5.2 Kusintha kwapamwamba. Mbande yapamwamba ya mpunga ndi kulimbikitsa mbande (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti wowongolera) yokhala ndi michere yokwanira komanso kuchuluka kwa michere yazakudya imatha kuonetsetsa kuti umuna umodzi ukhoza kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mbande munthawi yonse ya mbande, ndipo nthawi zambiri safuna kuthira feteleza.

5.3 Kupewa ndi kuletsa kunyala kwa mabakiteriya. Kuyika chitetezo patsogolo, kuphatikizapo kukonzekera akatswiri odyetsera mbande apamwamba omwe ali ndi pH yoyenera, kupanga malo abwino opangira mizu ya mbande ya mpunga, kulimbitsa kasamalidwe ka kutentha, chinyezi, ndi zakudya m'mabedi a mbande, ndi kulima mbande zolimba zolimbana ndi matenda amphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito othandizira apadera oyenerera kumathanso kupeza zotsatira zabwino zowongolera.

6. Kusamala pa Kulima Mbande za Nsalu

6.1 Sankhani nsalu zosalukidwa zomwe zimapangidwira kulima mbande za mpunga.

6.2 Konzani bwino nthaka yazakudya kuti mubzalire mbande, komanso zolimbikitsa mbande za mpunga ndi kuchuluka kwa michere ya nthaka yodzala mbande ziyenera kusankhidwa.

6.3 Kumeretsa mbeu mosamalitsa ndi kutentha kothandiza koyambirira. Kutsekemera kwa nsalu zopanda nsalu zolima mbande za mpunga sizofanana ndi mafilimu aulimi. Kuonetsetsa kuti mbande zikumera msanga, zathunthu komanso zathunthu, m'pofunika kuchita mosamalitsa kumera kwa mbeu motsatira njira zogwirira ntchito; Kachiwiri, m'pofunika kuphimba bedi ndi filimu pulasitiki kapena kuphimba okhetsedwa ndi akale ulimi filimu kumayambiriro siteji ya mmera kulima bwino kutchinjiriza kwenikweni.

6.4 Chotsani mwachangu njira zowonjezera zotenthetsera. Kuchokera pamutu wobiriwira wa singano kupita ku tsamba limodzi ndi mtima umodzi wa mbande, filimu ya pulasitiki yoyikidwa pa bedi iyenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga, ndipo filimu ya pulasitiki kapena filimu yakale yaulimi yophimbidwa ndi nsalu yopanda nsalu iyenera kuchotsedwa.

6.5 Kuthirira panthawi yake. Kusunga madzi ndikuonetsetsa kuthirira kofanana, gwiritsani ntchito kuthirira kuti muwaza pansalu. Arc ya arch shede ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo imayenera kuwululidwa ndi kuthiriridwa.

6.6 Gwirani momasuka nthawi yovumbulutsidwa. Ikayandikira nthawi yobzala, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pakusintha kwa kutentha kwakunja kuti tipewe kutentha komwe kumapangitsa kuti mbande zikule mopitilira muyeso mushedi yopanda nsalu. Iyenera kuwululidwa munthawi yake malinga ndi momwe zilili. Ngati kutentha kwakunja kuli kocheperako ndipo kukula kwa mbande sikuli kolimba, kungavumbulutsidwe usiku womwewo; Ngati kunja kukutentha kwambiri ndipo mbande zikukula mwamphamvu, ziyenera kuwululidwa msanga; Nthawi zambiri, kutentha mkati mwa shedi kukapitilira 28 ℃, nsaluyo iyenera kuchotsedwa.