Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa polyvinyl kolorayidi, nayiloni, poliyesitala, acrylic, ndi polypropylene

1. Nayiloni Tanthauzo.

Nayiloni ndi dzina lachi China la nayiloni yopanga ulusi, kumasulira kwa dzinali kumadziwikanso kuti "nayiloni", "nayiloni", dzina lasayansi la polyamide.

Ulusi, ndiye kuti, ulusi wa polyamide. Chifukwa Jinzhou Chemical Fiber Factory ndi fakitale yoyamba yopanga polyamide fiber ku China, motero imatchedwa "nayiloni". Ndiwo mitundu yakale kwambiri padziko lapansi yopangira ulusi, chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri, zopangira, zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

2. Kachitidwe ka Nayiloni:

1). Amphamvu, kukana bwino abrasion, kukhala woyamba pakati pa ulusi uliwonse. Kukana kwake kwa abrasion ndi 10 kuchulukitsa kwa ulusi wa thonje, nthawi 10 kuposa ulusi wouma wa viscose, ndi nthawi 140 kuposa ulusi wonyowa. Chifukwa chake, kulimba kwake ndikwabwino kwambiri.

2). The elasticity ndi zotanuka kuchira kwa nayiloni nsalu zabwino kwambiri, koma n'zosavuta kupunduka pansi pa mphamvu yaing'ono kunja, kotero nsalu zake n'zosavuta makwinya povala. Mpweya wabwino komanso kutulutsa mpweya ndikovuta, kosavuta kupanga magetsi osasunthika.

3). Mayamwidwe a chinyezi cha nsalu ya nayiloni munsalu zopangira ulusi ndi mitundu yabwinoko, kotero zovala zopangidwa ndi nayiloni kuposa zovala za poliyesitala zimavala bwino. njenjete yabwino komanso kukana dzimbiri.

4). Kutentha ndi kukana kuwala sikokwanira, kutentha kwa ironing kuyenera kuyendetsedwa pansi pa 140 ℃. M`kati kuvala ndi ntchito ayenera kulabadira kutsuka, yokonza zinthu, kuti kuwononga nsalu. Nsalu za nayiloni ndi nsalu zopepuka, muzitsulo zopangidwa ndi nsalu zimangotchulidwa pambuyo pa polypropylene, nsalu za acrylic, choncho, zoyenera kupanga zovala zamapiri, zovala zachisanu ndi zina zotero.

Nayiloni, yomwe imatchedwanso nayiloni, imapangidwa ndi polymerized kuchokera ku caprolactam. Kukana kwake kwa abrasion kumatha kutchedwa ngwazi pakati pa ulusi wachilengedwe ndi mankhwala. Ulusi wa nayiloni umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuphatikiza ndi ubweya kapena ulusi wina wamtundu waubweya. Mu nsalu zambiri, ndi kusakaniza nayiloni, kuti abrasion kukana kusintha, monga viscose brocade Warda tweed, viscose brocade VanLiDin, viscose diso brocade tweed, viscose brocade ubweya atatu-imodzi Warda tweed, ubweya viscose brocade navy tweed, etc., ndi amphamvu kuvala zosagwira nsalu nayiloni. Kuphatikiza apo, masokosi osiyanasiyana a nayiloni, masokosi zotanuka, masitonkeni a nayiloni, amalukidwa ndi ulusi wa nayiloni. Akhozanso kupangidwa kukhala makapeti.

3. Mitundu itatu.

Magulu atatu akuluakulu a mitundu ya nayiloni ya nsalu za nayiloni akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu a nsalu zopota, zosakaniza ndi zopotana, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi mitundu yambiri.

1). Nsalu za nayiloni

Ndi silika wa nayiloni ngati zopangira zopangidwa ndi nsalu zosiyanasiyana, monga nayiloni taffeta, nayiloni crepe. Chifukwa cha ulusi wa nayiloni wolukidwa, umakhala ndi kumverera kosalala, kolimba komanso kokhazikika, zinthu zotsika mtengo, palinso nsalu zosavuta kukwinya komanso zosavuta kubwezeretsa zolakwikazo. Taffeta ya nayiloni imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovala zopepuka, jekete yapansi kapena nsalu yamvula, pomwe nayiloni crepe ndiyoyenera kuvala malaya achilimwe, malaya achilimwe ndi masika ogwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri.

2). Zosakaniza za nayiloni komanso zolukana

Kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wa nayiloni kapena ulusi waukulu ndi ulusi wina wosakanikirana kapena wolukana, mawonekedwe ndi mphamvu za ulusi uliwonse. Monga viscose / nayiloni Huada tweed, 15% ya nayiloni ndi 85% ya viscose yosakanikirana mu ulusi wopangidwa ndi kachulukidwe ka warp kuposa kachulukidwe ka ulusi wa mawonekedwe a thupi la tweed, wandiweyani, wolimba komanso wovala, kuipa kwake ndi kusakhazikika bwino, kosavuta kukwinya, kunyowa kutsika. Kuphatikiza apo, pali viscose/nylon van Liding, viscose/nylon/wool tweed ndi mitundu ina, ndi nsalu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

II. Polyester

1. Tanthauzo la Polyester:

Polyester ndi mitundu yofunikira ya ulusi wopangira ndipo ndi dzina lamalonda la nsalu za polyester ku China. Ndi fiber-forming polima - polyethylene terephthalate (PET) - yopangidwa kuchokera ku purified terephthalic acid (PTA) kapena dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) ndi ethylene glycol (EG) ndi esterification kapena ester-exchange ndi polycondensation reactions, ndi ulusi wopangidwa ndi kupota ndi pambuyo mankhwala.

2. Katundu wa Polyester

1). Mphamvu zapamwamba. Kulimba kwa ulusi waufupi ndi 2.6-5.7cN/dtex, ndipo mphamvu ya ulusi wokhazikika kwambiri ndi 5.6-8.0cN/dtex. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chinyezi, mphamvu yake yonyowa imakhala yofanana ndi mphamvu yake youma. Mphamvu yamphamvu ndi 4 kuwirikiza kuposa nayiloni komanso nthawi 20 kuposa ulusi wa viscose.

2). Elasticity yabwino. Kutanuka kumakhala pafupi ndi ubweya wa ubweya, ndipo ukatalikitsidwa ndi 5% mpaka 6%, ukhoza kuchira pafupifupi kwathunthu. Kukana makwinya kuposa ulusi wina, mwachitsanzo, nsalu si makwinya ndipo ali wabwino dimensional bata. Modulus of elasticity ndi 22～141cN/dtex, yomwe ndi yokwera 2 ~ 3 kuposa nayiloni. Mayamwidwe abwino amadzi.

3). Kukana bwino kwa abrasion. Kulimbana ndi abrasion ndi yachiwiri kwa nayiloni, yomwe imakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri ya abrasion, ndipo imakhala yabwino kuposa ulusi wina wachilengedwe ndi ulusi wopangidwa.

4). Kukana kwabwino kwa kuwala. Kukana kuwala ndi kachiwiri kwa acrylic.

5). Kukana dzimbiri. Kugonjetsedwa ndi bleach, oxidizers, hydrocarbons, ketoni, mafuta a petroleum ndi ma inorganic acid. Kusamva kusungunula zamchere, osawopa nkhungu, koma zamchere zotentha zimatha kuwola. Kusawoneka bwino kwa utoto.

6). Polyester kutsanzira silika mphamvu yamphamvu, kuwala kowala, koma osati ofewa mokwanira, ndi zotsatira za kung'anima, kumva yosalala, lathyathyathya, zabwino elasticity. Dzanjani silika pamwamba mutatha kumasula popanda zowoneka bwino. Nkhope ndi ulusi sizili zophweka kung’ambika zikanyowa.

7). Polyester atasungunuka kupota kuti apange POY atatambasula, elasticization ndi mapangidwe ena a post-process wa polyester ulusi. Chinthu chodziwika kwambiri ndi kusunga mawonekedwe abwino, kuvala zovala za polyester ndizowongoka osati makwinya, kuyang'ana makamaka zauzimu, zathanzi. Imatsukidwa, popanda kusita, mwachizolowezi, yosalala komanso yowongoka. Polyester ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, msika wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya thonje-thonje, ubweya wa polyester, silika wa poliyesitala ndi zovala za polyester viscose ndi zovala, ndizopanga zake.

8). Nsalu za poliyesitala zimayamwa bwino chinyezi, kuvala kumverera kodzaza, pamene zimakhala zosavuta kunyamula magetsi osasunthika, fumbi lodetsedwa, zomwe zimakhudza maonekedwe ndi chitonthozo. Komabe, n'zosavuta kwambiri kuti ziume pambuyo kutsuka, ndi chonyowa mphamvu pafupifupi sikutsika, osati opunduka, pali wabwino kusamba wearable ntchito.

9). Polyester ndi nsalu yopangidwa mu nsalu zabwino kwambiri zosagwira kutentha, malo osungunuka pa 260 ℃, kutentha kwa ironing kungakhale pa 180 ℃. Ndi thermoplasticity, imatha kupangidwa kukhala siketi yotakata yokhala ndi zokopa zokhalitsa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nsalu za polyester sizigonjetsedwa ndi kusungunuka, mwaye, sparks ndi zina zosavuta kupanga mabowo. Choncho, kuvala kuyenera kuyesetsa kupewa kukhudzana ndi ndudu, zopsereza, ndi zina zotero.

10). Nsalu za polyester zimakhala ndi kuwala kokwanira bwino, kuphatikizapo osauka kwambiri kuposa acrylic, kukana kwake kwa dzuwa kuli bwino kuposa nsalu zachilengedwe za fiber. Makamaka mu galasi kumbuyo kwa dzuwa kukana ndi zabwino kwambiri, pafupifupi ndi acrylic si chimodzimodzi. Nsalu za poliyesitala ndi bwino kukana mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Acid, alkali pa mlingo wake chiwonongeko si lalikulu, pamene saopa nkhungu, osati mantha tizilombo. Nsalu za polyester ndi zabwino kwambiri pokana makwinya ndi kusunga mawonekedwe, choncho ndizoyenera kuvala jekete.

3. Mitundu Yambiri ya Polyester:

Mitundu yotakata ya mitundu ya poliyesitala ndi ulusi waukulu, ulusi wotambasuka, ulusi wopunduka, ulusi wokongoletsa, ulusi wa mafakitale, ndi ulusi wosiyanasiyana wosiyanasiyana.

4. Mitundu ya Polyester Staple Fiber:

1). Amasiyanitsidwa ndi zinthu zakuthupi: mtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wapamwamba, wapakati-wamphamvu wapakati-wotambasula, mtundu wapakati-wotambasula wapakati, mtundu wa modulus wapamwamba, wapamwamba kwambiri wamtundu wa modulus.

2). Amasiyanitsidwa ndi zofunika pambuyo pokonza: thonje, ubweya, hemp, silika.

3). Kusiyanitsa ndi ntchito: cationic dyeable, kuyamwa chinyezi, retardant lawi, mtundu, anti-pilling.

4). Kusiyanitsa ndi ntchito: zovala, flocculation, zokongoletsera, ntchito mafakitale.

5). Antistatic ndi fiber cross-section: silika wowoneka bwino, silika wopanda pake.

5. Mitundu ya Polyester Filament:

1). Zingwe zoyambira: Undrawn (conventional spinning) (UDY), ma semi-pre-orientated filaments (medium-speed spinning) (MOY), pre-orientated filaments (high-speed spinning) (POY), ulusi wolunjika kwambiri (ultra-high-speed spinning) (HOY)

2). Tambasula ulusi: kutambasula ulusi (otsika-liwiro kutambasula filaments) (DY), ulusi wotambasula kwathunthu (wotambasulira sitepe imodzi) (FDY), ulusi wotambasula (wozungulira sitepe imodzi) (FOY)

3). Ulusi Wopunduka: Ulusi Wopunduka Wachilendo (DY), Ulusi Wopunduka Wopangidwa ndi Drawn Deformed Filaments (DTY), Air Transformed Filaments (ATY)

6. Kusintha kwa Polyester:

Nsalu za ulusi wa poliyesitala ndizosiyanasiyana, kuwonjezera pa kuluka nsalu zoyera za poliyesitala, pali ulusi wansalu wambiri komanso wosiyanasiyana wosakanikirana kapena wolukana, kuti apange zolakwika za nsalu zoyera za poliyesitala, kuti azisewera bwino. Pakali pano, nsalu za poliyesitala zikuyenda motsatira njira ya ubweya wonyezimira, silika, hemp, buckskin ndi ulusi wina wopangidwa mwachilengedwe.

1). Nsalu za Polyester Silk Silk

Ndi kuzungulira, zooneka mtanda gawo la poliyesitala ulusi kapena ulusi ulusi ulusi wolukidwa ndi silika maonekedwe kalembedwe nsalu za poliyesitala, ali ndi mtengo wotsika, wopanda makwinya ndi sanali chitsulo ubwino, wotchuka kwambiri ndi ogula. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi: silika wa poliyesitala, silika wa poliyesita, satin wa silika, ulusi wa poliyesitala wa georgette, silika wopindika wa poliyesitala ndi zina zotero. Mitundu iyi ya nsalu za silika zokhala ndi drape yoyenda, yosalala, yofewa, yosangalatsa m'maso, nthawi yomweyo, nsalu zonse za poliyesitala, zolimba, zosavala, zosavuta kutsuka, zopanda kusita, cholakwika ndi chakuti nsalu zotere sizimayamwa bwino komanso zimapumira, kuvala osati ozizira kwambiri, kuti athane ndi vuto ili, pali nsalu zambiri za polyester zomwe zimabwera. Nsalu ya polyester ndi imodzi mwa nsalu.

2). Nsalu za Polyester Kutsanzira Ubweya

Ndi poliyesitala ulusi monga poliyesitala kuphatikiza zotanuka silika, poliyesitala maukonde silika kapena zosiyanasiyana zooneka mtanda gawo la silika silika monga zopangira, kapena sing'anga-utali poliyesitala ulusi ndi sing'anga-utali viscose kapena sing'anga-utali akiliriki blended mu ulusi wolukidwa mu tweed kalembedwe nsalu, motero, kudziwika monga ubweya wonyezimira nsalu, wonyezimira nsalu zaubweya wonyezimira. mtengo wake ndi wotsika kuposa mtundu womwewo wa nsalu zaubweya. Onse okhala ndi tweed amamva odzaza ndi zinthu zodzitukumula, zotanuka komanso zabwino, komanso ndi polyester yolimba komanso yokhazikika, yosavuta kutsuka komanso kuyanika mwachangu, yosalala komanso yowongoka, yosavuta kupunduka, yosavuta kutsitsira tsitsi, kupiritsa ndi zina. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi: polyester zotanuka beige, polyester zotanuka wadding, polyester zotanuka tweed, polyester network yopota nsalu zaubweya, polyester viscose tweed, polyester nitrile zobisika tweed.

3). Nsalu ya Polyester Imitation Hemp

Pakali pano ndi chimodzi mwazovala zodziwika bwino pamsika wapadziko lonse wa zovala, kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wa poliyesitala kapena poliyesitala/viscose zokhota zamphamvu zolukidwa m'magulu owoneka bwino kapena owoneka bwino ansalu, okhala ndi mawonekedwe owuma komanso mawonekedwe a kalembedwe ka nsalu ya hemp. Zofanana ndi moiré wonyezimira wonyezimira wa bafuta, osati mawonekedwe okhwima, owuma, ndi kuvala bwino, ozizira, choncho ndi oyenera kwambiri kupanga malaya achilimwe, zovala za kavalidwe.

4). Nsalu za Polyester Kutsanzira Buckskin

Ndi imodzi mwansalu zatsopano za poliyesitala, zokhala ndi zokanira zabwino kwambiri kapena ulusi wapamwamba kwambiri wokanira poliyesitala ngati zopangira, pambuyo pomaliza mwapadera pansaluyo kuti apange nsalu zazifupi za velvet polyester suede, zomwe zimadziwika kuti kutsanzira nsalu za buckskin, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosalukidwa, nsalu zoluka, nsalu zoluka. Ndi mawonekedwe ofewa, velvet yabwino yodzaza ndi kusalala, kumva wolemera, wokhazikika komanso mawonekedwe olimba. Pali zikopa zitatu zodziwika bwino za agwape, zopangira zapamwamba komanso zikopa wamba wamba. Zoyenera zovala za amayi, madiresi apamwamba, ma jekete, suti ndi zina zapamwamba.

III. Akriliki

1. Tanthauzo la Acrylic Fiber

Acrylic ndi dzina la fiber polyacrylonitrile ku China. Imatchedwa Orlon ndi Kampani ya DuPont ku United States, ndipo imamasuliridwa motere monga Orlon. Ulusi wamtunduwu ndi wopepuka, wofunda, wofewa, ndipo uli ndi dzina la "ubweya wopangidwa".

2. Kuchita kwa Acrylic Fiber

Ulusi wa Acrylic umadziwika kuti ubweya wopangidwa, kusungunuka kwake ndi fluffiness ndizofanana ndi ubweya wachilengedwe. Choncho, kutentha kwa nsalu zake sikuli pansi pa nsalu za ubweya, komanso ngakhale pamwamba kuposa nsalu zofanana za ubweya pafupifupi 15%.

Nsalu za Acrylic ndizopaka utoto wowala, ndipo kukana kuwala ndikoyamba mwa mitundu yonse ya nsalu za ulusi. Komabe, kukana kwake kwa abrasion ndikoyipa kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yonse ya nsalu zopangidwa ndi ulusi. Choncho, nsalu ya acrylic ndi yoyenera zovala zakunja, zosambira ndi zovala za ana.

Nsalu ya Acrylic imakhala ndi mayamwidwe ochepa a chinyezi, yosavuta kuyipitsa, kuvala kumverera kokhazikika, koma kukhazikika kwake kumakhala bwino.

Nsalu za Acrylic zimakhala ndi kutentha kwabwino, zomwe zimakhala zachiwiri mu ulusi wopangira, komanso kukana ma asidi, oxidizer ndi zosungunulira za organic, zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi gawo la alkali.

Nsalu za Acrylic mu nsalu zopangidwa ndi ulusi ndi nsalu zopepuka, zachiwiri ndi polypropylene, choncho ndi zovala zabwino zopepuka zopepuka, monga zovala za mapiri, zovala zotentha zachisanu.

3.Zosiyanasiyana za Acrylic

1). Acrylic Pure Fabric

Zopangidwa ndi 100% acrylic fiber. Monga 100% ubweya mtundu akiliriki CHIKWANGWANI processing wa worsted akiliriki akazi tweed, ndi makhalidwe lotayirira dongosolo, mtundu wake ndi kunyezimira, kumverera zofewa ndi zotanuka, kapangidwe si lotayirira ndi osati kuvunda, oyenera kupanga otsika ndi sing'anga kalasi zovala akazi. Ndipo pogwiritsa ntchito 100% acrylic bulky ulusi ngati zopangira, zimatha kupanga ma acrylic bulky coat tweed ndi gulu losavuta kapena la twill, lomwe lili ndi mawonekedwe a handfeel, nsalu zofunda komanso zosavuta zaubweya, ndipo ndizoyenera kupanga malaya a masika, autumn ndi yozizira ndi zovala wamba.

2). Zovala za Acrylic Blended

Zimatanthawuza nsalu zosakanikirana ndi mtundu wa ubweya kapena acrylic wapakatikati ndi viscose kapena polyester. Kuphatikiza acrylic / viscose tweed, acrylic / viscose tweed, acrylic / polyester tweed ndi zina zotero. Acrylic/viscose wadding, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Oriental tweed, yophatikizidwa ndi 50% iliyonse ya acrylic ndi viscose, imakhala ndi thupi lolimba komanso lolimba, lolimba komanso lolimba, losalala komanso lofewa, lofanana ndi kalembedwe ka ubweya wa ubweya wa tweed, koma zotanuka pang'ono, zosavuta kukwinya, zoyenera kupanga mathalauza otsika mtengo. Tweed ya amayi a Nitrile / viscose ndi 85% acrylic ndi 15% viscose yosakanikirana ndi yopangidwa ndi crepe bungwe loluka, imakhala yaubweya pang'ono, yowala, imakhala yopepuka komanso yopyapyala, yolimba bwino, yosasunthika bwino, yoyenera zovala zakunja. Acrylic/polyester tweed imasakanikirana ndi 40% ndi 60% ya acrylic ndi poliyesitala motsatana, chifukwa nthawi zambiri imakonzedwa ndi gulu losavuta komanso lopindika, motero ili ndi mawonekedwe athyathyathya, kulimba komanso kusasita, ndipo kuipa kwake ndikuti sikukhala bwino, chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zovala zapakatikati ndi zobvala zakunja.

4. Kusintha kwa Acrylic Fiber

1). Fine denier acrylic fiber amapota pogwiritsa ntchito microporous spinneret yopangidwa ndi njira zapamwamba kwambiri. Fine denier acrylic ulusi ukhoza kuwomba mu ulusi wochuluka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosalala, zofewa, zofewa, zofewa, nthawi yomweyo ndi nsalu zofewa, zowala, zowoneka bwino, zowoneka bwino komanso zotsutsana ndi mapiritsi ndi zina zabwino kwambiri, ndiye kutsanzira cashmere, kutsanzira chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za silika, mogwirizana ndi zovala zamasiku ano.

2). Kutsanzira cashmere acrylic ali ndi mitundu iwiri ya ulusi waufupi ndi ubweya. Ili ndi handfeel yosalala, yofewa komanso yotanuka ya cashmere yachilengedwe, kutentha kwabwino komanso kupuma bwino, komanso imakhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri yopaka utoto wa acrylic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu za acrylic cashmere zikhale zokongola komanso zokongola, zofewa komanso zosalala, ndipo ndizoyenera kuvala zopepuka komanso zoonda, zomwe ndi zotsika mtengo komanso zamtengo wapatali.

3). Njira zopaka utoto pa intaneti za ulusi wa polyacrylonitrile makamaka zimakhala ndi mitundu iwiri yamitundu yoyambira yamadzimadzi ndi utoto wa gel. Pakati pawo, ulusi wopaka utoto wa gel umapakidwa utoto wonyowa wa ulusi wa acrylic, womwe udakali mumtundu wa gel wa ulusi woyamba, ndipo utoto womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi utoto wa cationic. Ulusi wopaka utoto wa gel, monga mtundu wa voliyumu yayikulu komanso zinthu zambiri, zimakhala ndi zabwino zopulumutsa utoto, njira yayifupi komanso nthawi yopaka utoto, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono, kutsika kwantchito ndi zina zambiri, poyerekeza ndi njira yachikhalidwe yosindikizira ndi utoto.

4). Ulusi wopangidwa ndi mawonekedwe amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mabowo opangidwa ndi spinneret ndikusintha momwe zimakhalira. Kapangidwe ka fiber ndi kapadera, kayeseleledwe kake ndi kabwino, ndipo mtundu wazinthu umakhala wabwino. Ulusi wopangidwa ndi acrylic wokhala ndi gawo lathyathyathya umatchedwa acrylic flat, womwe ndi wofanana ndi tsitsi la nyama, ndipo umadziwika ndi kuwala, elasticity, anti-pilling, fluffiness, ndi handfeel, yomwe imatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zapadera pakuyerekeza khungu la nyama.

5). Anti-bacterial and chinyezi-conducting acrylic fiber amapangidwa ndi makina apamwamba kwambiri a Chitosante activator, ndipo nsalu zopangidwa ndi izo zimakhala ndi ntchito za antibacterial, anti-mildew, deodorization, chisamaliro cha khungu, kuyamwa kwa chinyezi, kufewa, anti-static, plumping, ndi makwinya. Chifukwa Chitosante ndi adsorption, malowedwe, adhesion, unyolo kugwirizana ndi zotsatira zina, ndi CHIKWANGWANI okhazikika kugwirizana, popanda kufunika utomoni, ndi kukana kwambiri kutsuka. Kuyesedwa, pambuyo pa nthawi 50 zotsuka mwamphamvu, nsaluyo imatha kukhalabe ndi luso la antimicrobial. Popanda zotsatira zowononga chilengedwe ndi thupi la munthu, zimapanga zachilengedwe, zatsopano, zoyera, zaukhondo, zathanzi komanso zogwira ntchito bwino, zomwe ndi mbadwo watsopano wa mankhwala a acrylic omwe ali ndi ntchito zambiri.

6). Antistatic akiliriki CHIKWANGWANI akhoza kusintha madutsidwe CHIKWANGWANI, yabwino kuti pambuyo nsalu processing, CHIKWANGWANI antistatic akhoza kusintha pilling nsalu, kudetsa, kutsatira zochitika khungu. Zilibe mavuto pa thupi la munthu.

7). Ulusi wa Acrylic umatchedwanso cashmere, khalidwe lake ndi lofanana kwambiri ndi ubweya, anthu adzadziwika kuti "synthetic ubweya". Ndi polymerized ndi acrylonitrile. Acrylic ndi fluffy, yofewa komanso yosinthika, ndipo ntchito yake yotchinjiriza ndi yabwino kuposa ya ubweya. Mphamvu ya acrylic ndi nthawi 1-2.5 kuposa ubweya wa ubweya, kotero zovala za "zopanga" zimakhala zolimba kuposa zovala za ubweya wa chilengedwe. Kuwala kwa Acrylic, kutentha, kungathe kutsukidwa, kulemera kwake, izi ndizo zabwino zake. Komabe, kuyamwa kwa chinyezi cha acrylic fiber sikwabwino, sikungathe kuyamwa chinyezi kudzera mu chinyezi, kupatsa anthu kumverera kotentha komanso kodzaza, kumakhalanso ndi chidendene cha Achilles, ndiko kuti, kukana kwa abrasion. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa acrylic wool staple fiber kumapangidwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ubweya wa ubweya, monga ulusi wopangidwa ndi texturized, acrylic ndi ubweya wosakanikirana ndi ubweya, ndi zina zotero, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tweed ya amayi a acrylic, acrylic viscose blended tweed, acrylic tweed ndi zina zotero. Komanso amatha kupanga ubweya wokumba wa acrylic, spandex plush, spandex ngamila ndi zinthu zina. Ulusi wa thonje wa Spandex ukhoza kulukidwa muzinthu zosiyanasiyana zoluka, monga mathalauza amasewera.

8). Ulusi wa Acrylic ndi dzina lamalonda la ulusi wa polyacrylonitrile ku China, pomwe umatchedwa "Auron" ndi "Cashmere" m'maiko akunja. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala ulusi wopangidwa ndi kupota konyowa kapena kupota kowuma ndi copolymer yoposa 85% ya acrylonitrile ndi yachiwiri ndi yachitatu monomers. Ulusi wopangidwa ndi ma copolymers okhala ndi acrylonitrile pakati pa 35% ndi 85% amatchedwa ulusi wosinthidwa wa polyacrylonitrile.

5. Njira Yachikulu Yopangira Ma Acrylics:

Polymerization → Kupota → Kutenthetsa → Kujambula Nthunzi → Kuchapira → Kuyanika → Kuyika Kutentha → Kuwotcha → Kudula → Kuthirira.
1). Kuchita kwa polyacrylonitrile CHIKWANGWANI ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi ubweya, elasticity wabwino, elongation 20% pamene kulimba akadali kusunga 65%, fluffy curly ndi ofewa, kutentha ndi 15% apamwamba kuposa ubweya, kupanga ubweya wotchedwa. Mphamvu 22.1 ~ 48.5cN/dtex, 1 ~ 2.5 nthawi zambiri kuposa ubweya. Kukana kwa dzuwa kwabwino kwambiri, kuwonekera panja kwa chaka chimodzi, mphamvu ya kuchepa kwa 20% yokha, imatha kupangidwa kukhala makatani, makatani, ma tarpaulins, mfuti ndi zina zotero. Kugonjetsedwa ndi asidi, oxidizer ndi zosungunulira za organic, koma kukana kwa alkali. Fiber kufewetsa kutentha kwa 190 ~ 230 ℃.

2). Ulusi wa Acrylic umadziwika kuti ubweya wopangira. Zili ndi ubwino wofewa, wochuluka, wosavuta kuvala, mtundu wowala, kukana kuwala, anti-bacterial, osaopa tizilombo, ndi zina zotero. Malinga ndi zofunikira za ntchito zosiyanasiyana, zimatha kupota kapena kusakanikirana ndi ulusi wachilengedwe, ndipo nsalu zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda ya zovala, zokongoletsera, mafakitale ndi zina zotero.

3). Ulusi wa Polyacrylonitrile ukhoza kusakanizidwa ndi ubweya mu ulusi waubweya, kapena kuluka mu mabulangete, makapeti, ndi zina zotero, ukhozanso kusakanikirana ndi thonje, rayon, ulusi wina wopangidwa, wolukidwa mu zovala zosiyanasiyana ndi katundu wamkati. Ubweya wa Polyacrylonitrile wopangidwa ndi ubweya wambiri ukhoza kukhala wopota koyera, kapena wosakanikirana ndi viscose fiber, ubweya, kuti apeze mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sing'anga ndi coarse floss ndi "cashmere".

4). Ulusi wa Polyacrylonitrile ukhoza kusakanizidwa ndi ubweya mu ulusi waubweya, kapena kuluka mu mabulangete, makapeti, ndi zina zotero, ukhozanso kusakanikirana ndi thonje, rayon, ulusi wina wopangidwa, wolukidwa mu zovala zosiyanasiyana ndi katundu wamkati. Ubweya wa Polyacrylonitrile wopangidwa ndi ubweya wambiri ukhoza kukhala wopota koyera, kapena wosakanikirana ndi viscose fiber, ubweya, kuti apeze mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sing'anga ndi coarse floss ndi "cashmere".

6. Njira Yopangira

1). Polyacrylonitrile CHIKWANGWANI amafuna mkulu chiyero cha zopangira acrylonitrile, ndipo okwana zili zosafunika zosiyanasiyana ayenera kukhala zosakwana 0.005%. Wachiwiri monomer wa polymerization makamaka amagwiritsa methyl acrylate, komanso angagwiritse ntchito methyl methacrylate, cholinga ndi kusintha spinnability ndi CHIKWANGWANI kumva, kufewa ndi elasticity; wachitatu monoma makamaka kusintha utoto wa CHIKWANGWANI, makamaka kwa ofooka acidic utoto gulu la itaconic acid, amphamvu acidic utoto gulu munali sodium acrylenesulfonate, sodium methacrylenesulfonate, sodium methacrylamides benzene sulfonate, munali zamchere utoto gulu la -methyl vinilu pyridine, etc.

2). Acrylic ndi dzina lamalonda la fiber polyacrylonitrile ku China. Ulusi wa Acrylic uli ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chake pafupi ndi ubweya, choncho umatchedwa "synthetic ubweya". Kuyambira kupanga mafakitale mu 1950, yapangidwa kwambiri, linanena bungwe okwana CHIKWANGWANI akiliriki mu dziko ndi matani 2.52 miliyoni mu 1996, ndi linanena bungwe dziko lathu ndi matani 297,000, ndipo dziko lathu adzakhala mwamphamvu kupanga kupanga acrylic CHIKWANGWANI m'tsogolo. Ngakhale ulusi wa acrylic umatchedwa polyacrylonitrile fiber, koma acrylonitrile (yomwe amatchedwa kuti monomer yoyamba) imangotenga 90% mpaka 94%, yachiwiri imakhala 5% mpaka 8%, ndipo yachitatu monomer ndi 0.3% mpaka 2.0%. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chosowa kusinthasintha kwa ulusi wopangidwa ndi polima imodzi ya acrylonitrile, yomwe imakhala yovuta komanso yovuta kwambiri kuyika utoto. Pofuna kuthana ndi zofooka izi za polyacrylonitrile, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito njira yowonjezera monomer yachiwiri kuti fiber ikhale yofewa; kuwonjezera monoma wachitatu kuti apititse patsogolo luso la utoto.

7. Kupanga Acrylic Fiber

Zopangira za acrylic fiber ndi propylene yotchipa yopangidwa ndi mafuta osweka: chifukwa polyacrylonitrile copolymer imangowola koma sisungunuka ikatenthedwa pamwamba pa 230 ℃, kotero siyingasungunuke ngati poliyesitala ndi ulusi wa nayiloni, ndipo imatenga njira yothetsera kupota. Kupota kungagwiritsidwe ntchito youma, kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito yonyowa. Kuwuma kupota liwiro ndi mkulu, oyenera kupota kayeseleledwe ka nsalu silika. Oyenera kwambiri kupanga ulusi waufupi, fluffy ndi ofewa, oyenera kupanga nsalu za ubweya wa ubweya.

8. Katundu ndi Ntchito Za Acrylic

1). Kutanuka: Imakhala ndi kuthanuka bwino, yachiwiri kwa poliyesitala komanso pafupifupi nthawi ziwiri kuposa nayiloni. Ili ndi conformability yabwino.

2). Mphamvu: Mphamvu ya acrylic fiber si yabwino ngati poliyesitala ndi nayiloni, koma ndi 1 ~ 2.5 nthawi zambiri kuposa ubweya.

3). Kukana kutentha: kutentha kofewa kwa ulusi ndi 190-230 ℃, yomwe ndi yachiwiri ku polyester mu ulusi wopangira.

4). Kukana kuwala: kukana kuwala kwa acrylic ndikobwino kwambiri pakati pa ulusi wonse wopanga. Pambuyo pokhala ndi dzuwa kwa chaka chimodzi, mphamvuyo imachepa ndi 20%.

5). Acrylic imagonjetsedwa ndi ma acid, oxidizers ndi ma organic solvents, koma osati alkali. Zogulitsa zomalizidwa za Acrylic zimakhala ndi fluffiness yabwino, kutentha kwabwino, zofewa m'manja, kukana nyengo yabwino komanso anti-mold ndi anti-moth performance. Kutentha kwa acrylic kumakhala pafupifupi 15% kuposa ubweya. Acrylic imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi ubweya, ndipo zinthu zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pagulu, monga ubweya, bulangeti, zovala zoluka, poncho, makatani, ubweya wochita kupanga, zobiriwira ndi zina zotero. Acrylic ndiyenso zopangira za carbon fiber, zomwe ndi zida zapamwamba kwambiri.

IV. Chlorine Fiber

Ngakhale polyvinyl kolorayidi ndi akale zosiyanasiyana pulasitiki, koma mpaka yankho la zosungunulira zofunika kupota, ndi kusintha bata matenthedwe CHIKWANGWANI, kuti chlorine CHIKWANGWANI ali ndi chitukuko chachikulu. Chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri zopangira, njira yosavuta, yotsika mtengo, ndipo ili ndi cholinga chapadera, choncho imakhala ndi malo enaake muzitsulo zopangira. Ngakhale polyvinyl kolorayidi akhoza kusakaniza ndi plasticizers, kusungunula kupota, koma ambiri a iwo akugwiritsabe ntchito acetone monga zosungunulira, njira kupota ndi kupanga ulusi chlorinated.

1. Ubwino Wapadera wa Chlorine

Kodi lawi retardant, kutentha, dzuwa, kuvala, dzimbiri ndi kukana njenjete, elasticity ndi zabwino kwambiri, akhoza kupanga zosiyanasiyana nsalu oluka, maovololo, mabulangete, Zosefera, chingwe velvet, mahema, etc., makamaka chifukwa ndi bwino kutentha, zosavuta kupanga ndi kukhalabe magetsi malo amodzi, izo wapangidwa ndi zoluka zoluka nyamakazi chamkati chamkati. Komabe, chifukwa cha utoto woyipa, kuchepa kwa kutentha, kumachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwake. Kupititsa patsogolo kumapangidwa ndi mitundu ina ya ulusi wa copolymer (monga vinyl chloride) kapena ndi ulusi wina (monga viscose ulusi) wa emulsion kusakaniza kupota.

Kuipa kwa VCM ndikodziwikanso, mwachitsanzo, kukana kutentha kwambiri.

2. Gulu la Chlorine

Zipatso zamtundu wa fiber, ma filament ndi mane. Ulusi wa klorini ukhoza kupangidwa kukhala ubweya wa thonje, ubweya ndi zovala zamkati zoluka, ndi zina zotero. Nsaluzi zimakhala ndi zotsatira zina pa chisamaliro cha anthu omwe ali ndi nyamakazi. Kuphatikiza apo, polyvinyl chloride imatha kusinthidwa kukhala nsalu zosagwira moto kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mwapadera, monga sofa ndi mahema otetezedwa. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati nsalu zosefera zamakampani, zovala zogwirira ntchito komanso nsalu zotsekera.

3. Kuwonetsera

1). Morphology Chloroplastic ali yosalala longitudinal pamwamba kapena 1 kapena 2 grooves, ndi mtanda gawo ili pafupi zozungulira.

2). Mphamvu zoyaka Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa maatomu a klorini m'mamolekyu a Chloroplast, imakaniza kuyaka. Chloroplastic imatuluka itangosiya moto wotseguka, ndipo malowa ali ndi ntchito zapadera poteteza dziko.

3). Kutalikirana kolimba Mphamvu ya chloroplastic imayandikira ya thonje, kutalika kwa thonje kumatalika kwambiri kuposa thonje, kutetemera ndikwabwino kuposa thonje, komanso kukana abrasion kumakhalanso kolimba kuposa thonje.

4). Kuyamwa kwachinyontho ndi utoto wa polyvinyl chloride ndikochepa kwambiri, pafupifupi kopanda hygroscopic. Komabe, Chloroplast ndi yovuta kuyika utoto, nthawi zambiri utoto wobalalika ungagwiritsidwe ntchito popaka utoto.

5). Kukhazikika kwa mankhwala a chloroplastic acid ndi alkali, oxidizing agents ndi kuchepetsa, ntchito zabwino kwambiri, choncho, nsalu za chloroplastic ndizoyenera nsalu zosefera mafakitale, zovala zogwirira ntchito ndi zida zodzitetezera.

6). Kutentha, kukana kutentha, etc. Kulemera kwa chloroplastic kuwala, kutentha kwabwino, koyenera kwa chilengedwe chonyowa ndi antchito akumunda a zovala zogwirira ntchito. Komanso amphamvu kutchinjiriza magetsi, zosavuta kutulutsa magetsi malo amodzi, ndi osauka kutentha kukana, mu 60 ~ 70 ℃ pamene chiyambi cha chidule, kuti 100 ℃ pamene kuwonongeka, kotero mu kutsuka ndi kusita ayenera kulabadira kutentha.

4. Main Features ndi Kusiyana

1). Viscose (mayamwidwe achinyezi komanso osavuta utoto)

a. Ndi munthu zopangidwa mapadi CHIKWANGWANI, opangidwa ndi njira njira kupota, chifukwa cha wosanjikiza pachimake cha CHIKWANGWANI ndi wosanjikiza kunja kwa mlingo solidification si chimodzimodzi, mapangidwe khungu-pachimake dongosolo (kuchokera magawo mtanda magawo akhoza kuoneka bwino). Viscose ndiye mayamwidwe a chinyezi chamafuta wamba wamba, utoto ndi wabwino kwambiri, kuvala chitonthozo, kukhuthala kwa viscose ndi kopanda mphamvu, kulimba kwa malo onyowa, kukana kwa abrasion kumakhala koyipa kwambiri, kotero viscose sikulimbana ndi kuchapa, kusakhazikika kwapakatikati. Kukoka kwapadera, kulemera kwa nsalu, kukana kwa alkali osati kukana kwa asidi.

b. Viscose fiber imakhala ndi ntchito zambiri, pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya nsalu idzagwiritsa ntchito, monga ulusi wopangira nsalu, silika wokongola, mbendera, nthiti, chingwe cha matayala, ndi zina zotero; ulusi waufupi wotsanzira thonje, kutsanzira ubweya, kusakaniza, kuluka, ndi zina zotero.

2). Polyester (yolunjika osati makwinya)

a. Makhalidwe: mphamvu yayikulu, kukana kwabwino, kukana kutentha, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kwa njenjete, kukana kwa asidi, kukana kwa alkali, kukana kuwala ndikwabwino kwambiri (yachiwiri kwa acrylic), kukhudzana ndi dzuwa kwa maola 1000, mphamvu yosunga 60-70%, hygroscopicity ndi yoyipa kwambiri, utoto ndizovuta, nsaluyo ndi yosavuta kuchapa, yabwino komanso yowumitsa mawonekedwe. Ili ndi chikhalidwe cha "chachable".

b. Filament: nthawi zambiri ngati silika otsika elasticity, kupanga zosiyanasiyana nsalu;

c. Ulusi wambiri: thonje, ubweya, hemp, ndi zina zotero.

d. Makampani: chingwe cha matayala, maukonde ophera nsomba, zingwe, nsalu zosefera, zotchingira m'mphepete. Pakali pano ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mankhwala CHIKWANGWANI.

3). Nayiloni (yamphamvu komanso yosavala)

a. Ubwino waukulu ndi wamphamvu komanso wosavala, ndi womwe uli woyenera kwambiri. Kachulukidwe kakang'ono, nsalu yopepuka, kukhazikika bwino, kukana kuwonongeka kwa kutopa, kukhazikika kwamankhwala ndikwabwino kwambiri, kukana kwa alkali ndi asidi!

b. Choyipa chachikulu ndikuti kukana kwa dzuwa sikuli bwino, nsaluyo imasanduka yachikasu pakapita nthawi yayitali padzuwa, kuchepa kwa mphamvu, kuyamwa kwa chinyezi sikuli bwino, koma kuposa acrylic, polyester.

c. Ntchito: ulusi, makamaka ntchito kuluka ndi silika makampani; ulusi wambiri, womwe umaphatikizidwa kwambiri ndi ubweya kapena ubweya wamankhwala ulusi, monga wadding, vannettin ndi zina zotero.

d. Makampani: zingwe ndi maukonde nsomba, komanso angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati makapeti, zingwe, malamba conveyor, zowonetsera, etc..

4). Acrylic fiber (yambiri komanso yosamva kuwala kwa dzuwa)

a. Kuchita kwa ulusi wa acrylic kumakhala ngati ubweya wa ubweya, choncho umatchedwa "synthetic ubweya".

b. Mapangidwe a mamolekyu: Ulusi wa Acrylic ndi wapadera mkati mwake, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ozungulira komanso malo osakanikirana a crystallization, koma pali kusiyana pakati pa makonzedwe apamwamba ndi otsika. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kameneka, Acrylic imakhala ndi kutentha kwabwino (kutha kukonzedwa ngati ulusi wochuluka), ndipo kachulukidwe ka Acrylic ndi kakang'ono, kakang'ono kuposa ubweya wa ubweya, kotero kuti nsaluyo imakhala ndi kutentha kwabwino.

c. Makhalidwe: kukana kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kukana kwa nyengo ndikwabwino kwambiri (poyamba), kuyamwa konyowa kwa chinyezi, utoto ndizovuta.

d. Koyera acrylonitrile CHIKWANGWANI, chifukwa dongosolo mkati zolimba, osauka ntchito, kotero powonjezera wachiwiri, monoma wachitatu, kusintha ntchito yake, monoma wachiwiri kusintha: elasticity ndi kumva, wachitatu monoma kusintha utoto.

e. Ntchito: Makamaka ntchito wamba, akhoza kupota koyera kapena kusakaniza, zopangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ubweya, ubweya, bulangeti laubweya, zovala zamasewera zingakhalenso: ubweya wochita kupanga, zonyezimira, ulusi wambiri, payipi yamadzi, nsalu ya parasol ndi zina zotero.

5). Vinylon (madzi osungunuka a hygroscopic)

a. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kuyamwa kwa chinyezi, ulusi wopangidwa bwino kwambiri, wotchedwa "cotton synthetic". Mphamvu kuposa brocade, poliyesitala osauka, zabwino mankhwala bata, osati kugonjetsedwa ndi zidulo amphamvu, alkali kukana. Kukana kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kukana kwa nyengo kumakhalanso kwabwino kwambiri, koma kumagwirizana ndi kutentha kouma koma osati kutentha ndi chinyezi (shrinkage) elasticity ndiyoyipitsitsa kwambiri, nsaluyo imakhala yosavuta kukwinya, utoto wosauka, mtundu siwowala.

b. Ntchito: wophatikizidwa ndi thonje; nsalu zabwino kwambiri, poplin, corduroy, zovala zamkati, chinsalu, tarpaulin, zonyamula katundu, zovala zogwirira ntchito ndi zina zotero.

6). Polypropylene (yopepuka komanso yotentha):

a. Ulusi wa polypropylene ndiye ulusi wopepuka kwambiri mwazinthu zomwe wamba. Pafupifupi sichimamwa chinyezi, koma chimakhala ndi mphamvu yoyamwitsa pachimake, mphamvu yayikulu, yopangidwa ndi kukhazikika kwa kukula kwa nsalu, kusasunthika kosasunthika ndikwabwino, kukhazikika kwamankhwala. Kukhazikika kwa kutentha ndi kocheperako, sikugonjetsedwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, kosavuta kukalamba kukalamba.

b. Ntchito: amatha kuluka masokosi, nsalu zomangira udzudzu, quilt wadding, zodzaza zofunda, matewera onyowa ndi zina zotero.

c. Makampani: kapeti, maukonde ophera nsomba, chinsalu, payipi, tepi yachipatala m'malo mwa thonje yopyapyala, chitani zinthu zaukhondo.

7). Spandex (elastic fiber):

a. Kutanuka kwabwino kwambiri, kulimba koyipitsitsa, kuyamwa bwino kwa chinyezi, kukana kuwala, kukana kwa asidi, kukana kwa alkali, kukana abrasion.

b. Ntchito: Spandex imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzovala zamkati, zovala zamkati zazimayi, zovala wamba, masewera, masokosi, pantyhose, mabandeji ndi minda ina ya nsalu, minda yachipatala. Spandex ndi ulusi wonyezimira kwambiri womwe ndi wofunikira pazovala zogwira ntchito kwambiri pofunafuna kuyenda komanso kumasuka. Spandex imatambasula nthawi 5 mpaka 7 kuchokera ku mawonekedwe ake oyambirira, kotero imakhala yabwino kuvala, yofewa mpaka kukhudza, ndipo sichimakwinya, ndipo nthawi zonse imakhalabe ndi silhouette yake yoyambirira.

V. Mapeto

1. Polyester, nayiloni: mawonekedwe ozungulira: kuzungulira kapena mawonekedwe; mawonekedwe a nthawi yayitali: yosalala.

2. Polyester: pafupi ndi lawi lamoto: fusion shrinkage; kukhudzana ndi lawi: kusungunuka, kusuta, kuyaka pang'onopang'ono; kutali ndi lawi lamoto: pitirizani kuyaka, nthawi zina kuzimitsa; fungo: fungo lapadera lokoma; zotsalira makhalidwe: zolimba wakuda mikanda.

3. Nayiloni: pafupi ndi lawi lamoto: Sungunulani shrinkage; kukhudzana ndi lawi: kusungunuka, kusuta; kutali ndi lawi lamoto: kudzizimitsa; fungo: kukoma kwa amino; zotsalira makhalidwe: zolimba kuwala bulauni mandala mikanda.

4. Acrylic fiber: pafupi ndi lawi lamoto: Sungunulani shrinkage; kukhudzana ndi lawi: kusungunuka, kusuta; kutali ndi moto: pitirizani kuyaka, utsi wakuda; fungo: kukoma kokoma; zotsalira makhalidwe: wakuda wosakhazikika mikanda, osalimba.

5. Spandex CHIKWANGWANI: pafupi ndi lawi lamoto: Sungunulani shrinkage; kukhudzana ndi lawi: kusungunuka, kuyaka; kutali ndi lawi lamoto: kudzizimitsa; fungo: kukoma kwapadera; zotsalira makhalidwe: woyera gel osakaniza.