Abantu benshi bazi ko intandaro ya masike yo kubaga hamwe na N95 masike ari urwego rwagati - ipamba yashonze.
Niba utarabizi, reka tubanze tubisubiremo muri make. Maskike yo kubaga igabanyijemo ibice bitatu, hamwe ibice bibiri byo hanze bikaba imyenda idoda idoda kandi igice cyo hagati kikaba ipamba yashonze. Yaba ari imyenda idoze cyangwa idoda idashonga, ntabwo ikozwe mu ipamba, ahubwo ni polipropilene ya plastike (PP).
Behnam Pourdeyhimi, umuyobozi wungirije w'ikigo cy’ibikoresho bidoda muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Carolina y'Amajyaruguru akaba n'umwarimu w’ubumenyi bw’ibikoresho, yasobanuye ko ibice by’imbere n’inyuma by’imyenda idoda ku masike yo kubaga bidafite ubushobozi bwo gushungura mikorobe. Bashobora guhagarika gusa ibitonyanga byamazi, kandi igice cyo hagati gusa cya pamba yashonze gifite umurimo wo kuyungurura bagiteri.
Igikorwa cyo kuyungurura imikorere ya melt yahuwe idoda.
Mubyukuri, uburyo bwo kuyungurura (FE) ya fibre igenwa na diameter yabo igereranijwe hamwe nubunini bwo gupakira. Gutoya ya diameter ya fibre, niko kuyungurura neza.
Diameter ya fibre yashonze ya fibre yarangiye ni hafi ya microne 0.5-10, mugihe diameter ya fibre spunbond fibre igera kuri microni 20. Bitewe na fibre ultrafine, gushonga ipamba ifite ubuso bunini kandi irashobora kwamamaza uduce duto duto duto. Igitangaje kurushaho ni uko ipamba yashonze isa naho ihumeka, bigatuma iba ibikoresho byiza byo gukora filteri ya mask, mugihe imyenda idoda idoda.
Reka turebere hamwe uburyo bwo gukora ubu bwoko bubiri bwaimyenda idoda.
Iyo gukora imyenda idoda idoda, polypropilene irashonga igakururwa mu budodo, hanyuma igahinduka inshundura - - Ugereranije n’imyenda idoda, ipamba ya elegitoronike ifite tekinoroji igezweho cyane, kandi mubyukuri, tekinoroji ya elegitoronike niyo tekinoroji yonyine ikoreshwa mugukora nini nini ya fibre nini.
Uburyo bwo gukora bwo gushonga ipamba
Imashini irashobora kubyara umuvuduko mwinshi wumuyaga ushushe, uzatera polypropilene yashongeshejwe kuva ntoya cyane ifungura jet nozzle, hamwe ningaruka zimwe na spray
Fibre ultrafine fibre yegeranya kumuzingo cyangwa amasahani kugirango ibe yashonga imyenda idoda - mubyukuri, imbaraga zikoranabuhanga ryashushe zituruka muri kamere. Birashoboka ko utazi ko kamere nayo itanga ibikoresho bishonga. Hano usanga hari udusimba tudasanzwe dusa hafi yikirunga cy’ibirunga, ari umusatsi wa Pele, ugizwe na magma ya basaltic ihuhwa n umuyaga ushushe wikirunga.
Mu myaka ya za 1950, Laboratoire yo muri Amerika yo mu mazi (NRL) yakoresheje bwa mbere ikoranabuhanga rya meltblown mu gukora fibre yo gushungura ibikoresho bya radiyo. Muri iki gihe, tekinoroji ya elegitoronike ntikoreshwa gusa mu gukora ibikoresho byo kuyungurura mu kuyungurura amazi na gaze, ahubwo ikoreshwa no gukora ibikoresho byo mu nganda nk'ubwoya bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Nyamara, kuyungurura imikorere ya pamba ya elegitoronike ubwayo ni 25% gusa. Nigute 95% yo kuyungurura imikorere ya masike ya N95 yaje?
Iyi ni intambwe yingenzi mubikorwa byo gukora imiti ivanze na elegitoroniki - kuvura amashanyarazi.
Nibi nkibi, nkuko twabivuze, kuyungurura imikorere ya mask bifitanye isano na diameter yabo no kuzuza ubucucike. Ariko, iyo ikozwe cyane, mask ntishobora guhumeka kandi uyambaye azumva atamerewe neza. Niba ubuvuzi bwa electrostatike polarisiyasi budakozwe, uburyo bwo kuyungurura imyenda ishonga ishobora gutuma abantu bumva badahumeka ni 25% gusa.
Nigute dushobora kunoza guhumeka mugihe twemeza neza kuyungurura?
Mu 1995, umuhanga mu by'ubwubatsi Peter P. Tsai wo muri kaminuza ya Tennessee yazanye igitekerezo cy’ikoranabuhanga ry’imvura ya electrostatike ikoreshwa mu kuyungurura inganda.
Mu nganda (nka chimneys y'uruganda), abajenjeri bakoresha umurima w'amashanyarazi kugirango bishyure ibice hanyuma bakoreshe gride y'amashanyarazi kugirango bayinywe kugirango bashungure uduce duto cyane.
Gukoresha tekinoroji ya electrostatike yimvura kugirango uyungurure umwuka
Batewe inkunga n'ikoranabuhanga, abantu benshi bagerageje guha amashanyarazi fibre ya plastike, ariko ntibabigeraho. Ariko Cai Bingyi yarabikoze. Yahimbye uburyo bwo kwishyuza plastike, ionisiyonike ikirere no kwishyiriraho amashanyarazi amashanyarazi ashonga, ayihindura electret, ibikoresho byashizwe burundu bisa na Pikachu.
Nyuma yo guhindurwa muri Pikachu, igipande cya Pikachu cyashongeshejwe ntigishobora kugera ku bice 10 bidafite amashanyarazi gusa, ahubwo gishobora no gukurura ibice bifite diameter ya nm 100, nka COVID-19.
Twashobora kuvuga ko hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya Cai Bingyi, hashyizweho masike ya N95. Ubuzima bwa miliyari z'abantu ku isi burinzwe n'ikoranabuhanga.
Ku bw'amahirwe, tekinike yo kwishyuza amashanyarazi ya Cai Bingyi iba yitwa corona electrostatic charging, ikaba ari ubwoko bumwe bwa corona na coronavirus, ariko hano corona bisobanura corona.
Nyuma yo kureba uburyo bwo gukora urwego rwubuvuzi rwashongesheje ipamba, uzasobanukirwa ningorane za tekinike. Mubyukuri, igice kigoye cyane mubikorwa byo gukora ipamba ya elegitoronike irashobora kuba imashini ikora ipamba yashonze.
Muri Werurwe uyu mwaka, Markus M ü ller, umuyobozi ushinzwe kugurisha Reicol, umudage utanga imashini zashonga, yavuze mu kiganiro na NPR ko mu rwego rwo kureba niba fibre imeze neza kandi ifite ireme, imashini zashongeshejwe zisaba ubuziranenge kandi bigoye kuyikora. Igihe cyo gukora no guteranya imashini ni byibuze amezi 5-6, kandi igiciro cya buri mashini gishobora kugera kuri miliyoni 4. Nyamara, imashini nyinshi kumasoko zifite urwego rwiza rutaringaniye.
Hills, Inc. Umuyobozi w'ikigo R&D, Timothy Robson, yavuze kandi ko ibikoresho by'ipamba bishonga bifite urwego rwo hejuru rw'ikoranabuhanga.
N’ubwo Ubushinwa buri mwaka bukora masike bugera kuri 50% by’isi yose ku isi, bukaba aribwo bukora ibicuruzwa byinshi kandi byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze mu mahanga, nk’uko imibare yaturutse mu ishyirahamwe ry’inganda z’inganda z’inganda mu Bushinwa muri Gashyantare ibivuga, umusaruro w’igihugu mu myenda y’imyenda idashushe uri munsi ya toni 100000 ku mwaka, bikaba byerekana ko habuze ikibazo cy’imyenda idashongeshejwe.
Urebye igiciro nigihe cyo gutanga imashini zikora imyenda yashonze, imishinga mito ntishobora gutanga umusaruro mwinshi w ipamba yujuje ubuziranenge mugihe gito.
Nigute ushobora kumenya niba mask yaguzwe yujuje ibisabwa kandi ikozwe mu ipamba yashonze?
Uburyo mubyukuri buroroshye cyane, fata intambwe eshatu.
Ubwa mbere, kubera ko urwego rwinyuma rwimyenda idoda muri kuki ya sandwich rufite ibintu bitarinda amazi, masike yubuvuzi yujuje ibyangombwa igomba kuba idafite amazi. Niba bidafite amazi, nigute bashobora kuyungurura ibitonyanga byatewe kumunwa? Urashobora kugerageza kuyisukaho amazi nkuyu muvandimwe mukuru.
Icya kabiri, polypropilene ntabwo yoroshye gufata umuriro kandi ikunda gushonga iyo ihuye nubushyuhe, bityo ipamba yashonze ntizashya. Niba itetse hamwe nigitereko, ipamba yashonze irazunguruka igwa, ariko ntishobora gufata umuriro. Muyandi magambo, niba igice cyo hagati cya mask ugura gifata umuriro mugihe utetse hamwe nigitereko, rwose ni impimbano.
Icya gatatu, ipamba ivura ni Pikachu, ifite amashanyarazi ahamye, kuburyo ishobora gufata udupapuro duto.
Birumvikana ko, niba ukeneye gukoresha mask imwe inshuro nyinshi, uwahimbye N95, Cai Bingyi, nawe afite ibitekerezo byo kwanduza.
Ku ya 25 Werurwe uyu mwaka, Cai Bingyi yatangaje ku rubuga rwa kaminuza ya Tennessee ko ingaruka za polarisiyasi ya electrostatike ya masike y’ubuvuzi na masike ya N95 ihagaze neza. Nubwo masike yaba yandujwe numwuka ushyushye kuri dogere selisiyusi 70 muminota 30, ntabwo bigira ingaruka kumiterere ya polarisiyasi. Nyamara, inzoga zizatwara amafaranga yimyenda yashonze, ntukanduze mask ukoresheje inzoga.
Nkuko byavuzwe, kubera kwinjizwa gukomeye, inzitizi, kuyungurura, hamwe nubuhanga bwo gukumira imyanda ya pamba yashonze, ibicuruzwa byinshi byigitsina gore hamwe nimpapuro nabyo birakorwa hamwe nayo. Kimberly Clark niwe wambere wasabye patenti bijyanye.
Dongguan Liansheng Ntabwo Yubatswe Ikoranabuhanga Co, Ltd.yashinzwe muri Gicurasi 2020.Ni uruganda runini rutunganya imyenda rudahuza ubushakashatsi niterambere, umusaruro, no kugurisha. Irashobora gutanga amabara atandukanye ya PP spunbond idoda idoda hamwe n'ubugari bwa metero 3.2 kuva kuri garama 9 kugeza kuri garama 300.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-26-2024