Nibihe bikoresho masike ikozwe? N95 ni iki?

Nyuma yicyorezo cya coronavirus icyorezo, abantu benshi kandi benshi bamenye uruhare rukomeye rwa masike. Noneho, ubu bumenyi bwa siyanse kubyerekeye masike.Urabizi?

Nigute ushobora guhitamo mask?

Kubijyanye nigishushanyo, niba gikurikiranye ukurikije ibyibanze byubushobozi bwo kwambara (kuva hejuru kugeza hasi): masike ya N95> masike yo kubaga> masike yubuvuzi busanzwe> masike isanzwe.

Ku gitabo cyitwa coronavirus cyanduye umusonga, masike yo kubaga kwa muganga hamwe na masike hamwe no kuyungurura ibice bitarimo amavuta birenze cyangwa bingana na 95%, nka N95, KN95, DS2, FFP2, bifite ingaruka zigaragara zo guhagarika.

Gutondekanya masike yubuvuzi

Kugeza ubu, masike y’ubuvuzi mu Bushinwa igabanijwemo ubwoko butatu: masike yo gukingira ubuvuzi ifite urwego rwo hejuru rwo kurinda, masque yo kubaga ubuvuzi ikunze gukoreshwa ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa nko mu byumba byo gukoreramo, hamwe na masike y’ubuvuzi isanzwe ikoreshwa.

Ibikoresho bya masike yo kwa muganga

Mubisanzwe tuvuga ko masike ikozwe mubikoresho bitarimo imyenda, ni imyenda idoda ugereranije nigitambara. Igizwe na fibre yerekanwe cyangwa idasanzwe. By'umwihariko kuri masike, ibikoresho byabo byose bibisi ni polypropilene (PP), kandi masike yubuvuzi muri rusange ifite imiterere-yuburyo bwinshi, bakunze kwita imiterere ya SMS.

Ubumenyi bwa shimi

Polypropilene, izwi kandi nka PP, ni ibara ritagira ibara, ridafite impumuro nziza, ridafite uburozi, na kimwe cya kabiri kibonerana cyakozwe na polymerisation ya propylene. Inzira ya molekulari ni - [CH2CH (CH3)] n -. Polypropilene ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibicuruzwa bya fibre nk'imyenda n'ibiringiti, ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, imodoka, amagare, ibice, imiyoboro itanga imiyoboro, ibikoresho bya shimi, kandi ikoreshwa no mu gupakira ibiryo n'ibiyobyabwenge.

Duhereye kuriibikoresho bya mask, polypropilene hejuru yo gushonga ingingo idasanzwe idoda imyenda idasanzwe yabaye ihitamo ryiza, itanga ibicuruzwa bya polypropilene bifite umuvuduko mwinshi wa 33-41g / min, byujuje ubuziranenge bwimyenda ya polipropile idafite imyenda idoda.

Imyenda idoda ikozwe muri polypropilene idoda imyenda idasanzwe irashobora gukoreshwa kumyenda yo kubaga, impapuro, masike, ibipfukisho, udukariso twinjiza amazi nibindi bicuruzwa byubuvuzi nubuzima. Muri byo, masike idoda ikozwe mu byiciro bibiri bya fibre idoda idoda idasanzwe ikoreshwa mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi n’ubuzima, hamwe n’indi myenda y’igitambaro cyo kuyungurura hamwe na filtre hamwe na antibacterial ya hejuru ya 99,999% yongeweho hagati, ikaba isudwa n’umuraba wa ultrasonic.

Kurwanya virusi ya mask

Mask zishobora gutanga virusi cyane zirimo masike yo kubaga kwa muganga hamwe na N95. Ukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu YY 0469-2004 “Ibisabwa bya tekiniki bisabwa mu buvuzi bwo kubaga abaganga”, ibimenyetso by'ingenzi bya tekinike masike yo kubaga abaganga bigomba kuba byujuje harimo kuyungurura, kuyungurura za bagiteri, no kurwanya ubuhumekero:

Uburyo bwiza bwo kuyungurura: Ukurikije umuvuduko wikigereranyo cyumwuka (30 ± 2) L / min, uburyo bwo kuyungurura sodium chloride aerosol hamwe na diameter yo hagati ya (0.24 ± 0.06) μ m muri aerodinamike ntabwo iri munsi ya 30%;

Uburyo bwo kuyungurura bagiteri: Mugihe cyagenwe, uburyo bwo kuyungurura kuri aerosole ya Staphylococcus aureus ifite impuzandengo ya diameter ya (3 ± 0.3) μ m ntishobora kuba munsi ya 95%;

Kurwanya ubuhumekero: Ukurikije uburyo bwo kuyungurura neza umuvuduko ukabije, imbaraga zo guhumeka ntizirenza 49Pa kandi kwihanganira kurangira ntibirenza 29.4Pa.

Ingingo ya kabiri igenderwaho mu kwemeza imikorere ya bagiteri ni uko uburyo bwo kuyungurura imikorere ya Staphylococcus aureus bacterial aerosole itagomba kuba munsi ya 95%, niyo nkomoko yigitekerezo cya N95. Kubwibyo, nubwo masike ya N95 atari masike yubuvuzi, yujuje ubuziranenge bwa 95% yo kuyungurura kandi birashobora guhuza neza mumaso yumuntu, bityo birashobora no kugira uruhare runini mukurinda virusi.

Gushonga byavanze imyenda idoda

Ibikoresho byingenzi bizana virusi yo kuyungurura virusi kuri ubu bwoko bubiri bwa masike ni byiza cyane kandi bya electrostatike yimbere yimbere yo kuyungurura - imyenda ya elegitoronike idoda.

Ibikoresho byingenzi byashongeshejwe bitarimo imyenda ni polypropilene, nigitambara cyiza cyane cya electrostatike fibre ishobora gufata umukungugu. Mugihe ibitonyanga birimo virusi yumusonga byegereye umwenda utashye, bizashyirwa mumashanyarazi hejuru yumwenda udoda kandi ntibishobora kunyuramo.

Iri ni ihame ryibi bikoresho bitandukanya bagiteri. Nyuma yo gufatwa na fibre ultrafine electrostatike, umukungugu biragoye cyane gutandukana bitewe nisuku, kandi koza amazi birashobora no kwangiza ubushobozi bwo gukurura amashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, ubu bwoko bwa mask burashobora gukoreshwa rimwe gusa. Inzego zibereye zo gushonga zashizwemo masike iringaniye harimo: urwego rusanzwe, BFE95 (95% yo kuyungurura), BFE99 (99% yo kuyungurura), VFE95 (99% yo kuyungurura), PFE95 (99% yo kuyungurura), KN90 (90% yo kuyungurura).

Ibigize byihariye

Ubuvuzi bwo kubaga ubuvuzi busanzwe bukozwe mubice bitatu byimyenda idoda. Ibikoresho ni spunbond idoda idoda + gushonga imyenda idoda +imyenda idoda. Fibre ngufi irashobora kandi gukoreshwa murwego rumwe kugirango itezimbere uruhu, arirwo ES ishyushye-rudodo rudasanzwe rudoda + imyenda ya elegitoronike idoda + imyenda idoda. Igice cyo hanze cya mask cyagenewe gukumira ibitonyanga, igice cyo hagati kirayungurura, kandi kwibuka bikurura ubuhehere. Imyenda ya Meltblown muri rusange yatoranijwe kugirango ipime garama 20.

Mask yo mu bwoko bwa N95 igizwe na pamba yakubiswe inshinge, umwenda ushonga, nigitambara kidoda. Umwenda ushonga ubusanzwe upima garama 40 cyangwa zirenga, kandi hamwe n'ubunini bw'ipamba yakubiswe inshinge, irasa cyane kuruta masike iringaniye, kandi ingaruka zayo zo kurinda zishobora kugera byibuze 95%.

Ibice byinshi bya masike ntabwo bisobanuwe murwego rwigihugu GB / T 32610 kubitwikiriye. Niba ari mask yubuvuzi, igomba kuba ifite byibura ibice 3, aribyo twita SMS (ibice 2 bya S layer na 1 layer ya M layer). Kugeza ubu, umubare munini wibice mu Bushinwa ni 5, aribyo SMMMS (ibice 2 bya S layer na 3 bya M layer). Ntabwo bigoye gukora mask, ariko biragoye gukora imyenda ya SMMMS. Igiciro cyibikoresho bitumizwa mu mahanga bitatumijwe hejuru ya miliyoni 100.

S hano igereranya urwego rwa spunbond, rufite umubyimba wa fibre ugereranije ugereranije na micrometero 20 (μ m). Ibice bibiri S.spunbondahanini ishyigikira imiterere yimyenda yose idoda kandi ntabwo igira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere ya bariyeri.

Igice cyingenzi imbere muri mask ni inzitizi ya bariyeri cyangwa igishishwa cya M. M. Diameter ya fibre yurwego rwa meltblown igereranije ni ntoya, hafi ya micrometero 2 (μ m), bityo rero ni kimwe cya cumi cyumurambararo wa spunbond. Ibi bigira uruhare runini mukurinda bagiteri n'amaraso kwinjira.

Niba hari ibice byinshi bya S spunbond, mask izakomera, mugihe niba hari M nyinshi cyane M gushonga, guhumeka bizagorana. Kubwibyo, ingorane zo guhumeka muri mask zirashobora gukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane ingaruka zayo zo kwigunga. Biragoye guhumeka, nibyiza ingaruka zo kwigunga. Ariko, niba M igahinduka firime yoroheje, mubusanzwe ntabwo ihumeka, kandi virusi zirahagarikwa, ariko abantu nabo ntibashobora guhumeka. Rero, iki nacyo nikibazo cya tekiniki.

Kugirango dusobanure neza ikibazo, tuzagereranya spunbond layer S fibre, meltblown layer M fibre, numusatsi mubishusho bikurikira. Ku musatsi ufite diameter ya 1/3, yegereye fibre ya spunbond, mugihe kumisatsi ifite diameter ya 1/30, yegereye fibre M fibre. Nibyo, abashakashatsi baracyategura fibre nziza kugirango barusheho kurwanya antibacterial na barrière.

Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, icyiza cya M cyiza, niko gishobora guhagarika kwinjiza uduce duto nka bagiteri. Kurugero, N95 bivuga ubushobozi bwo guhagarika 95% byuduce duto (micron 0.3) mubihe bisanzwe. Ukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho byigihugu GB / T 19083 kubijyanye na masike yo gukingira ubuvuzi, uburyo bwo kuyungurura mask kubice bitarimo amavuta byujuje ibisabwa mumeza hepfo ku gipimo cya gaze ya 85L / min
Imbonerahamwe 1: Akayunguruzo Urwego rwubuvuzi bukingira

Duhereye kubisobanuro byavuzwe haruguru, N95 mubyukuri ni mask ya layer 5 ikozwe muri polypropilene idoda idoda SMMMS ishobora gushungura 95% yibice byiza.

Dongguan Liansheng Ntabwo Yubatswe Ikoranabuhanga Co, Ltd.yashinzwe muri Gicurasi 2020.Ni uruganda runini rutunganya imyenda rudahuza ubushakashatsi niterambere, umusaruro, no kugurisha. Irashobora gutanga amabara atandukanye ya PP spunbond idoda idoda hamwe n'ubugari bwa metero 3.2 kuva kuri garama 9 kugeza kuri garama 300.