Vanhu vazhinji vanoziva kuti musimboti wemasiki ekuvhiya uye N95 masks ndiyo yepakati layer - meltblown donje.
Kana musati maziva, ngatitangei tiongorore muchidimbu. Masks ekuvhiya akakamurwa kuita matatu akaturikidzana, aine maviri ekunze machira ari spunbond asiri akarukwa jira uye yepakati layer iri meltblown donje. Kunyangwe iri spunbond jira risiri rakarukwa kana donje rakanyunguduka, harina kugadzirwa nedonje, asi repurasitiki polypropylene (PP).
Behnam Pourdeyhimi, mutevedzeri wemukuru weInstitute of Non woven Materials kuNorth Carolina State University uye purofesa wesainzi yemidziyo, akatsanangura kuti kumberi neshure kwejira risiri rakarukwa pamasiki ekuvhiya haakwanise kusefa tupukanana. Vanokwanisa chete kuvhara madonhwe emvura, uye chikamu chepakati chedonje chakanyunguduka ndicho chine basa rekusefa mabhakitiriya.
Basa rekusefa rekunyunguduka rakaputika jira risiri rakarukwa.
Muchokwadi, iyo filtration performance (FE) yemafiber inotarwa neavhareji yavo dhayamita uye kurongedza density. Iyo idiki iyo fiber dhayamita, iyo yakakwirira yekusefa kunyatsoshanda.
Iyo dhayamita yekanyungudutswa yedonje yakapedzwa fibers ingangoita pakati pe 0.5-10 microns, nepo dhayamita ye spunbond layer fibers inosvika 20 microns. Nekuda kweiyo ultrafine fiber, donje yakanyungudutswa ine nzvimbo yakakura uye inogona kushambadza akasiyana madiki madiki. Chinotonyanya kushamisa ndechekuti donje rakanyungudutswa rinofema, zvichiita kuti rive chinhu chakanaka chekugadzira mafirita emasiki, nepo spunbond isiri-yakarukwa jira risiri.
Ngatitarisei maitiro ekugadzira emhando mbiri idzi dzemicheka isina kurukwa.
Paunenge uchigadzira spunbond isiri-yakarukwa jira, polypropylene inonyungudutswa uye kudhonzwa musiririka, iyo inobva yaita mesh--Kuenzaniswa ne spunbond nonwoven machira, meltblown donje rine tekinoroji yepamusoro, uye kutaura zvazviri, tekinoroji yakanyungudika ndiyo chete tekinoroji inoshandiswa pakugadzira hukuru hwema micron sized fibers.
Iyo nzira yekugadzira yekunyungudusa yakaputika donje
Muchina uyu unogona kugadzira kuyerera kwemhepo inopisa, iyo inopfapfaidza yakanyungudutswa polypropylene kubva padiki diki rekuvhurika rinonyungudusa jet nozzle, zvine mhedzisiro yakafanana neyekupfapfaidza.
Misty ultrafine fibers inoungana pama rollers kana ma plates kuti aite machira akafefetwa asiri akarukwa - kutaura zvazviri, kurudziro ye tekinoroji yakanyunguduka inobva kune zvakasikwa. Iwe unogona kunge usingazivi kuti zvisikwa zvinogadzira zvinhu zvakanyunguduka. Kazhinji kune mamwe mawigi anotaridzika asinganzwisisike pedyo nemakorokoza anoputika, ari bvudzi raPele, iro rakagadzirwa nemagma ebasaltic inopeperetswa nemhepo inopisa yegomo rinoputika.
Mumakore ekuma1950, US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) yakatanga kushandisa tekinoroji yakanyungudika kugadzira mafiibha ekusefa zvinhu zvine radioactive. Mazuva ano, tekinoroji yakanyungudika haingoshandiswe chete kugadzira mafirita ekusefa mvura uye gasi, asiwo kugadzira maindasitiri ekudzivirira zvinhu senge mineral wool. Nekudaro, iko kusefa kwedonje yakanyungudika pachayo inongoita 25%. Ko 95% kusefa kunyatsoshanda kweN95 masks kwakauya sei?
Iri inhanho yakakosha mukugadzira nzira yekurapa yakanyungudika donje - electrostatic polarization kurapwa.
Zvakafanana neizvi, sezvatichangobva kutaura, kusefa kwemamasiki kune hukama nedhayamita yavo uye density yekuzadza. Nekudaro, kana yakarukwa zvakanyanya, mask yacho haigone kufema uye munhu akaipfeka anozonzwa kusagadzikana. Kana kurapwa kwe electrostatic polarization kukasaitwa, kusefa kwejira rakanyungudutswa rinogona kuita kuti vanhu vanzwe kushomeka kunenge 25%.
Tinogona sei kuvandudza kufema tichiona kusefa kunyatsoita?
Muna 1995, nyanzvi yezveinjiniya Peter P. Tsai kubva kuYunivhesiti yeTennessee akauya nemafungiro e electrostatic precipitation teknolojia inoshandiswa mukusefa kwemaindasitiri.
Muindasitiri (yakadai semachimi efekitari), mainjiniya anoshandisa munda wemagetsi kuchaja zvidimbu vobva vashandisa gidhi remagetsi kuasveta kuitira kusefa kunze tudiki diki.
Kushandisa electrostatic precipitator tekinoroji kusefa mweya
Vafemerwa neiyi tekinoroji, vanhu vazhinji vakaedza kuisa magetsi epurasitiki fibers, asi havana kubudirira. Asi Cai Bingyi akazviita. Akagadzira nzira yekuchaja mapurasitiki, ionizing mhepo uye electrostatic kuchaja jira rakanyunguduka, achichishandura kuita electret, chinhu chakachajwa zvachose chakafanana nePikachu.
Mushure mekushandurwa kuita Pikachu, musara wePikachu wakanyunguduka jira haungosvika gumi chete pasina magetsi, asi zvakare kukwezva zvimedu zvine dhayamita ingangoita zana nm, seCOVID-10.
Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti nehunyanzvi hwaCai Bingyi, N95 masks akagadzirwa. Mabhirioni ehupenyu hwevanhu pasi rose akachengetedzwa nehunyanzvi uhu.
Sezvineiwo, Cai Bingyi's electrostatic kuchaja nzira inoitika inodaidzwa kuti corona electrostatic kuchaja, inova mhando imwechete yekorona sekoronavirus, asi pano corona zvinoreva corona.
Mushure mekuona maitiro ekugadzira yegiredhi yekurapa yakanyungudutswa donje, iwe unonzwisisa kuoma kwayo kwehunyanzvi. Muchokwadi, chikamu chakaomesesa chekugadzirwa kwekotoni yakanyunguduka inogona kunge iri mechanical kugadzira ye meltblown cotton.
Muna Kurume wegore rino, Markus Mü ller, maneja wekutengesa weReicol, mutengesi wekuGerman wemichina yakanyungudika, akataura mubvunzurudzo neNPR kuti kuitira kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti mafiibhi akanaka uye akadzikama, michina yakanyunguduka inoda kunyatsojeka uye yakaoma kugadzira. Kugadzirwa uye nguva yekusangana yemuchina ingangoita mwedzi 5-6, uye mutengo wemuchina wega wega unogona kusvika $4 miriyoni. Nekudaro, michina mizhinji pamusika ine mazinga asina kuenzana emhando.
Hills, Inc. muFlorida ndemumwe wevashoma vanogadzira pasi rose vanogona kugadzira meltblown donje michina nozzles. Timothy Robson, maneja weR&D wekambani, akataurawo kuti michina yekotoni yakanyungudika ine mwero wepamusoro wezvigadzirwa zvetekinoroji.
Kunyangwe kugadzirwa kweChina kwepagore kwemasiki kunokwana makumi mashanu muzana epasi rose, zvichiita kuti ive mugadziri mukuru uye mutengesi wemasiki, sekureva kwedata kubva kuChina Industrial Textile Industry Association muna Kukadzi, kugadzirwa kwenyika kwemachira asina kurukwa akanyunguduka asingasviki matani zviuru zana pagore, zvichiratidza kushomeka kukuru kwemachira asina kuruka.
Tichifunga nezve mutengo uye nguva yekuendesa yeyakanyungudika machira ekugadzira machira, mabhizinesi madiki haafanire kuburitsa huwandu hukuru hweanokwanisa kunyungudutswa donje munguva pfupi.
Nzira yekuziva sei kana mask yakatengwa inokodzera uye yakagadzirwa nekatonho yakanyungudutswa?
Nzira yacho iri nyore chaizvo, tora matanho matatu.
Chekutanga, nekuti iyo yekunze dhizaini ye spunbond isina-yakarukwa jira mune sandwich makuki ine zvivakwa zvisingapinde mvura, masiki ekurapa akakodzera anofanira kunge asina mvura. Kana asina kudzivirira mvura, angasefa sei madonhwe akapfapfaidzwa kubva mumuromo? Unogona kuedza kudira mvura pairi semukoma mukuru uyu.
Chechipiri, polypropylene haisi nyore kubata moto uye inonyungudika kana yaiswa pakupisa, saka donje rakanyungudutswa haritsva. Kana yakabikwa nechiedza, donje rakanyunguduka rinomonereka richidonha, asi haribatiki moto. Mune mamwe mazwi, kana iyo yepakati layer yemask yaunotenga ikabata moto kana yakabikwa nemwenje, ichokwadi inhema.
Chechitatu, donje rakanyungudutswa remishonga iPikachu, ine magetsi asingachinji, saka inogona kutora zvidimbu zvepepa.
Ehe, kana iwe uchida kushandisa imwechete mask kakawanda, muvambi weN95, Cai Bingyi, anewo mazano ekuuraya hutachiona.
Musi waKurume 25 wegore rino, Cai Bingyi akataura pawebhusaiti yeYunivhesiti yeTennessee kuti electrostatic polarization mhedzisiro yemasiki ekurapa uye N95 masks yakagadzikana zvakanyanya. Kunyangwe kana masiki akaiswa disinfected nemhepo inopisa pa70 degrees Celsius kwemaminetsi makumi matatu, hazvikanganisi polarization yemasiki. Nekudaro, doro rinotakura mutoro wejira rakanyunguduka, saka usauraya masiki nedoro.
Nenzira, nekuda kwekunyura kwakasimba, chipingamupinyi, kusefa, uye hunyanzvi hwekudzivirira kubuda kwekotoni yakanyunguduka, zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvechikadzi uye manapukeni zvinogadzirwawo nazvo. Kimberly Clark ndiye akatanga kunyorera ma patent akakodzera.
Dongguan Liansheng Non woven Technology Co., Ltd.yakavambwa muna Chivabvu 2020. Ibhizimusi rekugadzira jira rakakura risingarukwe rinobatanidza tsvakiridzo nekusimudzira, kugadzira, uye kutengesa. Inogona kuburitsa mavara akasiyana-siyana ePP spunbond machira asiri akarukwa ane hupamhi husingasviki 3.2 metres kubva pa9 gramu kusvika 300 magiramu.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-26-2024