Kushandiswa chaiko kwemachira asina kurukwa pakurima mbesa dzemupunga

1.Zvakanakira machira asina kurukwa ekurima mupunga

1.1 Inodzivirirwa uye inofema, nekushanduka kwekushisa kwakapfava mumubhedha wembeu, zvichiita kuti pave nembeu dzemhando yepamusoro uye dzakasimba.

1.2 Hapana kufefetedza kunodiwa pakurima mbesa, izvo zvinochengetedza basa nekushanda. Iro jira risiri rakarukwa rine kusakara uye kubvaruka, zvichiita kuti rinyanyokodzera kunonoka kudyara minda yembesa.

1.3 Kudonha kwemvura yakaderera, kuderedza kuwanda kwekudiridza uye huwandu.

1.4 Jira risina kurukwa rinogara uye rinowachwa, uye rinogona kushandiswa nguva dzose kweanopfuura makore matatu.

1.5 arched seedling kurimwa kunongoda jira rimwechete risiri rakarukwa pamubhedha, ukuwo firimu repurasitiki richida mashizha 1.50, iro rakachipa pane kushandisa firimu repurasitiki uye rine kushomeka kwenzvimbo.

2. Kugadzirira mbeu

2.1 Gadzirira midziyo yakakwana yekurima mbesa: machira asiri akarukwa, machira, ivhu rekudya, regulator, nezvimwe.

2.2 Sarudza nzvimbo yakakodzera yekuberekesa: Kazhinji, sarudza nzvimbo yakati sandara, yakaoma, inonyoroveswa nemvura zviri nyore, uye inoenda nemhepo ine zuva; Kurima mbesa muHonda, zvinodikanwa kuti usarudze nzvimbo yakakwira uye uvake mapuratifomu epamusoro kuti uwane mamiriro akaoma ekurima.

2.3 Sarudzai nzira dzakakodzera dzekurima mbesa dzinoti: kurima mbesa dzakaoma, kurima mbesa dzakapfava, kurima mbesa dzemhodzi dzega, uye kurima matinji emadzinde.

2.4 Kugadzirira pasi uye kugadzira mubhedha: kazhinji 10-15cm, ine mugero wemvura wakadzika 10cm. Paunenge uchisimudza mbesa munzvimbo dzakakwirira uye dzakaoma dzakaoma dzakaoma uye minda yebindu, zvakakwana kuti ugare pamubhedha wakatsetseka kana mubhedha zvishoma zvishoma.

3. Kugadziriswa kwembeu

Usati wadyara, sarudza mamiriro ekunze akanaka kune mbeu yezuva kwemazuva 2-3. Shandisa mvura ine munyu kusarudza mbeu (20g yemunyu pakirogiramu yemvura). Mushure mekusarudza, sukurudza zvakakwana nemvura. Sora mbeu mu 300-400 nguva mbeu inonyura mhinduro kwemazuva 5-7 kusvikira buds kuputika.

4 .Kudzvara

4.1 Sarudza nguva yekudyara inonzwisisika uye huwandu. Kazhinji, zuva rinotevera zera rembeu, inova nhamba yemazuva madzinde emupunga anokura mumbeu, anoverengerwa achidzokera kumashure kubva pazuva rakarongwa rekudyara. Semuenzaniso, kana kudyara kwakarongwa muna Chivabvu 20 uye zera rekudyara riri mazuva makumi matatu nemashanu, ipapo Kubvumbi 15, rinova zuva rekudyara, rinosundirwa kumashure mazuva makumi matatu neshanu kubva Chivabvu 20. Parizvino, kuisirwa mupunga kunonyanya kushandisa mbesa dzepakati, nezera rembeu remazuva makumi matatu kusvika makumi matatu nemashanu.

4.2 Kugadziriswa kwevhu rekudya kunovaka muviri. Shandisa mupfudze wepapurazi wakaora, woudira zvakanaka wousefa, wousanganisa nevhu remubindu kana imwe ivhu remuenzi muchiyero che1:2-3 kuti ugadzire ivhu rinovaka muviri. Isa 150g yembeu inosimbisa agent, wosanganisa ivhu zvakaenzana.

4.3 Nzira yekudyara. Gara pamubhedha zvakanyatsonaka uye udira mvura zvakakwana; Teerera kumusimboti wekudyara zvishoma uye kusimba kwembesa kurima; Kurimwa kwembesa dzakaoma kunosanganisira kudyara 200-300g yembeu dzakaoma pa square metre imwe chete, uye huwandu hwembeu dzinoshandiswa pakurima mbesa dzinogona kudzikiswa zvakakodzera pachishandiswa matireyi akapfava kana ekukanda.

Mbeu dzinofanira kudyarwa zvakaenzana, uye mushure mekudyara, shandisa mutsvairo kana puranga rakatsetseka kupuruzira kana kudzvanya mbeu muvhu kumativi matatu. Wobva wavhara zvakaenzana nejira re 0.50cm yevhu rakatsetseka rakasununguka kuti uvhare uye uuraye uswa, uye ufukidze nefirimu repurasitiki. Pakarepo ufukidze mubhedha wepamusoro nefirimu yepurasitiki yakawanda yakafara semubhedha uye zvishoma zvishoma kudarika mubhedha mushure mekuvhara nekusakura, kuitira kuti uwedzere kutonhora uye kuchengetedza unyoro, kukurudzira kutanga uye nokukurumidza kubuda kwembesa. Mushure mokunge mbesa dzabuda, bvisai iyi firimu yepurasitiki panguva yakakodzera kudzivirira kupisa kwekushisa kwembesa.

4.4 Fukidza nejira risiri rakarukwa. Yakafukidzwa nemaarches. Isa skeleton maererano netsika yemunharaunda yehupamhi mubhedha wakavhurika uye wakavharwa ekurima firimu seedling kurima, kuifukidza nemucheka usina kurukwa, dzvanya zvine simba nevhu kutenderedza, wozosunga tambo.

Skeleton yemahara flat covering. Nzira yacho ndeyekuvaka jira revhu rakatenderedza mubhedha rine hurefu hunosvika 10-15cm, wozotambanudza jira risiri rakarukwa rakati sandara. Mativi mana akaiswa pamutsetse uye akatsikirirwa zvakasimba nevhu. Tambo dzekutyora mhepo nezvimwe zvekurima.

5. Kutarisira munda wembesa

Kurimwa kwembesa isina kurukwa hakudi kufefeterwa nemhepo uye kurimwa, uye panewo kashoma kuitika kwehuta hwebhakitiriya. Naizvozvo, chero bedzi kutariswa kuchibhadharwa kukuzadzazve kwemvura uye kutorwa panguva yakakodzera kwefirimu repurasitiki.

5.1 Kudhirowa kweMembrane uye kuzadzazve mvura. Kubudirira kwekushandiswa kwemvura kwekurima kwembesa kusina kurukwa kwakakwira, uye kuwanda kwekudiridza kwese panguva yembeu ishoma pane yekurima mbesa dzemafirimu epurasitiki. Kana hunyoro hwevhu remubhedha husina kukwana, husina kuenzana, kana ivhu repamusoro richiita jena nekuda kwekusakura zvakanaka kwembesa, shandisa gaba rekudiridza kumwaya pajira chaipo. Kana ivhu remubhedha rakanyanya kunyorova kana kuti kunyange mvura kana uchisimudza mbesa muHonda kana nzvimbo dzakadzika-dzika, zvakakosha kubvisa mubhedha wepamusoro pefirimu uye kufema mubhedha kuti ubvise unyoro, kudzivirira buds dzakaora uye mbeu dzakaipa, uye kukurudzira kukura kwemidzi. Paunenge uchizadza mvura, kutanga, inofanira kunyatsozadzwa, uye chechipiri, inofanira kuitwa mangwanani kana manheru kudzivirira kupisa kwepamusoro masikati. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakakosha kushandisa mvura yakaomeswa kudzivisa "mvura inotonhora inodururira pamusoro unopisa". Chechitatu, zvakakosha kushandisa gaba rakanaka rekudiridza ziso kupfapfaidza pane mafashama.

Kana mbesa dzemupunga dzine musoro wakasvibirira, firimu repurasitiki rinoradzikwa pamubhedha wepamusoro rinofanira kubudiswa kunze, uye ipapo nzvimbo yakazaruka inofanira kudzorerwa uye kuumbwa.

5.2 Topdressing. Mbesa yemupunga wemhando yepamusoro uye inosimbisa mbesa (inozivikanwawo semugadziri) ine kudya kwakakwana uye chiyero chakaringana chekudya kunogona kuita kuti fetireza imwe chete ikwane zvinodiwa nembeu mukati menguva yese yembeu, uye kazhinji haidi imwe fetiraiza.

5.3 Kudzivirira uye kutonga kwehutachiona hwehutachiona. Kuisa dziviriro pekutanga, kusanganisira kugadzirira kudya kwembesa dzemhando yepamusoro dzine pH yakafanira, kugadzira mamiriro akanaka ekusimudzira midzi yembesa yemupunga, kusimbaradza kudzora tembiricha, mwando, uye kudya kunovaka muviri mumubhedha wembesa, nekurima mbesa dzakasimba dzinoramba zvirwere. Uye zvakare, kushandisa akakodzera akakosha maajenti anogona zvakare kuwana yakanaka yekudzora mhedzisiro.

6. Chengetedzo paKurima Mbeu dzeMacheka

6.1 Sarudza machira asina kurukwa akagadzirirwa kurima mbesa dzemupunga.

6.2 Gadzirai ivhu rakasimba rekudyara mbeu, uye zvigadziriso zvinosimbisa mbeu dzemupunga uye chikamu chinonzwisisika chevhu rekudyara mbesa zvinofanira kusarudzwa.

6.3 Nyatsoita kumera kwembeu uye kukurumidza kudziya kwekuwedzera. Iyo insulation maitiro emachira asiri akarukwa ekurima mbesa yemupunga haana kunaka seaya emafirimu ekurima. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekukasika, chakazara, uye chakazara kubuda kwembeu, zvinodikanwa kunyatsoita kumera kwembeu zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekushanda; Chechipiri, zvakakosha kuvhara mubhedha nefirimu repurasitiki kana kuvhara dhidhiyo nefirimu yekare yekurima mukutanga kwekudyara kwembesa kuti uvandudze maitiro ekudzivirira.

6.4 Kurumidza bvisa matanho ekudziya ekuwedzera. Munguva kubva kune tsono yakasvibirira musoro kusvika kune 1 shizha uye 1 mwoyo wembeu, firimu repurasitiki rakaiswa pamubhedha wepamusoro rinofanira kubviswa nokukurumidza, uye firimu repurasitiki kana firimu rekare rekurima rakafukidzwa nemucheka usina kuruka rinofanira kubviswa.

6.5 Kudiridza nenguva. Kuchengetedza mvura uye kuve nechokwadi chekudiridza yunifomu, shandisa gaba rekudiridza kuti umwaye zvakananga pamucheka. Iyo arc yearch shedhi yakakura kwazvo, uye inoda kuvhurwa nekudiridzwa.

6.6 Bata zviri nyore nguva yekuvhurwa. Kana yasvika nguva yekusimwa, kutariswa kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune shanduko yekunze kwekushisa kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya kunokonzera kuti mbesa dzikure zvakanyanya mushedhi isiri yakarukwa. Inofanira kuratidzwa panguva yakakodzera maererano nemamiriro chaiwo. Kana kutonhora kwekunze kwakaderera uye kukura kwembesa kusina kusimba, inogona kufukurwa usiku ihwohwo; Kana kunze kwekushisa kwakanyanya uye mbesa dzichikura zvakanyanya, dzinofanira kubudiswa pachena; Kazhinji, kana tembiricha mukati meshedhi ikaramba ichipfuura 28 ℃, jira rinofanirwa kubviswa.