Ngaba uyazazi izizathu zokuba iilaphu ezingalukwanga zisetyenziswe kwicandelo lezonyango?

Ii-nonwovens ziye zasetyenziswa kwishishini lezonyango ukusukela kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, xa kwakufuneka inani elikhulu leemveliso zonyango ezitsha. I-Nonwovens ithathwa njengeyona nto isebenzayo yesithintelo sebhaktheriya kwiingxelo ezininzi ezipapashiweyo. Kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba banciphisa ungcoliseko oluphuma emoyeni ngcono kuneflakisi. Iimpahla ezingalukwanga ziye zakhula ngendlela emangalisayo, yaye namhlanje zigqwesa ezinye zazo kwiinkalo ezininzi, kuquka iindleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, nokulahlwa kwazo. Ezibhedlele, ukusuleleka ngokunqamlezayo ngomnye wemiba ephambili. Oyena nobangela uphambili woku kukusetyenziswa rhoqo kweemaski ezinithiweyo, iigawuni, kunye nezinye izinto ezifanayo, ezinokungcoliseka kwaye zisasaze iintsholongwane. Ukwaziswa kwee-nonwovens kuye kwanceda ekudaleni izinto ezifikelelekayo nezinokulahlwa.

Kutheni ufuna imaski yotyando ngaphandle kokuluka? Ezibhedlele, iimaski zotyando ezingalukwanga zilukhuseleko oluyimfuneko kwizigulana kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango. Iimaski ezikumgangatho ophezulu zibalulekile kubaphathi bamaziko kunye nabanonopheli abaziingcali abathenga ezi zinto zisisiseko zokhuseleko. Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwezi maski kufuneka zinqande iibhaktheriya ekufudukeni zisuka emlonyeni wengcibi ziye emilonyeni yezigulane kwaye ngokuphambeneyo ngenxa yobukhulu obuncinci bebhaktheriya. Ngaphaya koko, imaski kufuneka ikhusele umsebenzisi kwiimolekyuli ezinkulu kwindawo yotyando, njengokutshiza kwegazi. Nangona kunjalo, yintoni eyenza olu hlobo lwemaski olulahlwayo lukhetheke kwiimaski ezilukiweyo ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kubasebenzi bezempilo?

Iimpawu ezisixhenxe zamalaphu emveli amancinci athelekiswe nemithombo yeendaba yemaski engalukwanga kuphononongo olupapashwe kwiJenali ye-Academia kunye noPhando lwezoShishino: ukuxhathisa koomatshini, ukufakwa kwentsimbi, ukunyanzeliswa kwebhaktiriya, ukunyanzeliswa kolwelo, ukuguquguquka, ukutsaleka, kunye nokuthuthuzela. Amalaphu angalukwanga asebenza ngcono kakhulu kunamanye amalaphu kwizintlu ezine kwezi zisixhenxe, kwaye ayakhuphisana kubini kwamanye amathathu. Zeziphi iingenelo ezongezelelweyo onazo ngokwenza isigqubuthelo sotyando esingalukwanga?

1. Ziyimfuneko kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

EUnited States kuphela, kukho izibhedlele ezivunyiweyo ezingama-5,686 ezineebhedi eziphantse zibe sisigidi. Eli linani elimangalisayo xa ucinga ngeenonwovens ezilahlwayo. Imaski elahlayo ngotyando yinxalenye eyimfuneko yokhathalelo. Kangangeminyaka emininzi, iimaski zeprimiyamu ezakhiwe ngemathiriyeli eneempawu eziphezulu zobugcisa zinokuthengiswa njengempahla.

2 Awongamele lee amalaphu alukiweyo ngeendlela ezininzi.

Banokucoca okusebenzayo kwebhaktheriya, ukunyuka kwamazinga okuhamba komoya, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa ukongeza kwiimpawu ezikhankanywe ngaphambili.

3. Ziyasebenza kubasebenzi basesibhedlele.

Emva kokusetyenziswa, iimaski zotyando ezilahlwayo ezingalukwanga ziyapakishwa, zicolwe, kwaye zilahlwe ngoko nangoko. Amalaphu asele esetyenzisiwe akufuneki agcinwe, kwaye abasebenzi basesibhedlele akufuneki bawacocise, bawacocise, bawapakishe ukuze asetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo. Ngawaphi amacandelo angena ekwenzeni imaski yotyando engalukwanga? Kukho iindidi ezimbini zeentsinga ezisetyenziswa kwiimaski zotyando ezingalukwanga: iintsinga zokwenziwa kunye nezendalo. Iintsinga zendalo ezisetyenziswayo yirayon, umqhaphu, kunye nentlaka yeenkuni. Izibonelelo zomthi wokhuni zibandakanya ixabiso eliphantsi, umthamo omncinci, kunye nokufunxa okunamandla kwamanzi. Amanxeba anokuthi agqitywe ngokuthe ngqo ngekotoni okanye i-rayon. Zezi nonwovens eziphezulu kunye nokufunxa kakuhle kwamanzi.

Ukuphefumla okugqwesileyo, ukuzinza kwe-dimensional, ubushushu obuphezulu obusebenzayo, i-drape egqwesileyo, ukuhambelana, ukumelana nobushushu obuhle, amandla okugcina amanzi agqwesileyo, kunye ne-non-allergenic kunye ne-non-irriting fibers zezinye zezizathu zokuba kutheni iifiber zendalo zenza iimaski ezigqwesileyo ezilahlayo kwishishini lezempilo. Iintsinga zokwenziwa rhoqo kwesi sicelo yipolyester xa amandla aphezulu, ukuvala inzala lula, kunye neempawu zoomatshini zibalulekile; iifiber ze-bicomponent, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-thermal bonding kunye nokusebenza okuphuculweyo; kunye ne-polypropylene, eneempawu ezibalaseleyo ze-rheological, i-hydrophobicity, kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Kunye nezinye iimpawu ezininzi ezinqwenelekayo, iintsinga zokwenziwa ziqwalasela amandla emveliso, ukuxhathisa ukunyibilikisa, ukuchithwa kwe-static, kunye nokunye. Imaski yotyando engalukwanga ifuna iintsinga ezenziweyo ezinezi mpawu zilandelayo: i-hydrophobicity, ukufikeleleka, ukomelela okuphezulu, ukuxinana okuphantsi, kunye nokulahlwa okukhuselekileyo. Zeziphi iinkqubo ezibandakanyekayo kwimveliso?

Zinozinzo kwimilinganiselo kwaye zithambile kwaye zine-porous. Ukongeza, i-spunbonding ihlala isetyenziswa kwizinto ezifana neempahla ezilahlwayo, ihejwa, izigqubuthelo zezihlangu, iimaski zobuso, kunye namashiti. Iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zewebhu zinokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokubeka okomileyo, ukubeka okumanzi, kunye nekhadi, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobukhulu obufunekayo bewebhu kunye nesantya sobuchwephesha bokudibanisa. Ikhadi lingasetyenziselwa ukudala iiwebhu ezikhaphukhaphu kwiimveliso zococeko kunye nezobugcisa. Ikhadi livelisa ngokukhawuleza, iiwebhu ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Zininzi iindlela zokufezekisa ukudibanisa, enye yazo kukudityaniswa kwe-thermal ye-synthetic fibers kunye nemixube yazo. Itekhnoloji yokudibanisa eyanda ngokukhawuleza yi-hydroentangling. Kwimaski elahlayo, isetyenziswe ngokukodwa. Ivakala ngathi yilaphu kwaye ifanelekile kwiimveliso ezinje ngegawusi, iilokhwe, iimpahla zasesibhedlele, kunye nezinye izinto.

Xa sithelekisa neentsinga ezenziweyo, isigqubuthelo sobuso sokugqibela esilahlwayo sibiza imali eninzi nangona sineempawu ezibalaseleyo. Ukuphucula ukucoceka kwayo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukwamkeleka kwayo kumacandelo ezonyango kunye nezempilo, ikotoni ngokuqhelekileyo i-mercerized kunye ne-bleached. Isiqulatho sothuli oluphezulu somqhaphu senza ukuba kusetyenzwe kube nzima. Ukongeza, iigawuni zotyando, i-cotton swabs, ikhethini, i-gauze, iimpahla ezilahlwayo, amabhandeji, ukunxitywa kwamanxeba, kunye nezinye iimpahla ezingalukwanga ziphakathi kwezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimicu yendalo. Ekuqhutyweni kwekotoni, iindlela zokudibanisa ezifana ne-hydroenanglement yeemveliso ezixutywe kakhulu, i-thermal bonding of blends ye-polyolefin kunye nekotoni, kunye ne-resin bonding (ye-substrates) ingasetyenziswa.Ubuchwephesha bee-synthetic fibers: Iintsinga ze-Synthetic zivame ukuxutywa kunye ne-rayon okanye ikotoni. Nabuphi na ubuchule bokudibanisa obufanelekileyo bunokusetyenziselwa ukusonta kubo. I-Meltblown synthetic fibers yenye inketho. I-Meltblown fiber webs zikhethwa kwizicelo ezinjengeemaski zotyando ezingalukwanga ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obuncinci befayibha kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokucoca. Nayiphi na indlela inokudibanisa ngokufanelekileyo imicu yokwenziwa, kodwa ubukhulu becala ixhomekeke kwindlela eya kusetyenziswa ngayo ekugqibeleni.

Emva kokulungiswa: Ii-nonwovens zonyango kufuneka zinikwe ukugqiba ngokufanelekileyo kusetyenziso olucetywayo. Imaski yotyando engalukiweyo inokuba neentlobo ngeentlobo zeearhente zokugqiba, ezifana nokugxotha amanzi, izinto ezithambisayo, iiretardants zomlilo, ii-antibacterial finishes, kunye neearhente zokukhulula umhlaba. Ukuqukumbela, iimveliso ezingezizo ezilukiweyo ziye zagcwala ngokupheleleyo intengiso yelaphu zonyango namhlanje. Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zamalaphu angalukwanga kunye nokulula kokuguqulwa kuwenze abaluleke kakhulu kweli shishini. Ngenxa yokukhula okukhawulezileyo kokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini kunye nokuvela kwabantu abancinci, abaziyo impilo yabantu, imfuno ye-nonwovens yezonyango inyuke kakhulu kumazwe asakhasayo e-Asiya, e-Afrika nakuMzantsi Merika. Kucingelwa ukuba ii-nonwovens ziya kuqhubeka zifunwa kakhulu kwishishini lezonyango.