Isishwankathelo soShishino
1. Ingcaciso
Ishishini leendwangu licandelo lemizi-mveliso elenza imicu yendalo kunye neyekhemikhali ibe yimisonto eyahlukeneyo, imisonto, imisonto, amabhanti, amalaphu, kunye neemveliso zabo ezidayiweyo nezigqityiweyo. Ngokwezinto ezilukiweyo, inokwahlulwa ibe yimizi-mveliso yelaphu yomqhaphu, imboni yelaphu yelinen, imveliso yelaphu yoboya, imveliso yelaphu yesilika, imveliso yelaphu yekhemikhali, njl.
Ushishino lwamalaphu lelinye lamacandelo abalulekileyo kwishishini lokukhanya. Xa kuthelekiswa nemizi-mveliso enzima, ineempawu zotyalo-mali oluncinane, imbuyekezo yenkunzi ekhawulezayo, ixesha lokwakha elifutshane, kunye nomthamo wengqesho othe chatha.
Ngokutsho “kuLuhlu kunye neKhowudi yoShishino lwezoQoqosho lweSizwe” equlunqwe liZiko leeNkcukacha-manani leSizwe, ishishini lempahla elukiweyo leloshishino lwemveliso (i-National Bureau of Statistics code 17).
2. Uhlalutyo lwekhonkco loshishino: Baninzi abathathi-nxaxheba kwikhonkco loshishino
Ukusuka emantla etyathanga loshishino lwamalaphu, ikakhulu ibandakanya imathiriyeli ekrwada efana neentsinga zendalo kunye neentsinga zekhemikhali, kunye noomatshini belaphu kunye novavanyo lwempahla; I-midstream yahlulahlulwe ikakhulu kwi-cotton textile processing, i-linen textile processing, i-wool textile processing, i-silk textile processing, kunye ne-chemical fiber textile industry ngokwezinto zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo; Iziphelo ezithathu zokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso esezantsi yimpahla kunye nempahla, amalaphu asekhaya, kunye namalaphu emizi-mveliso.
Abathengisi bemathiriyeli ekrwada abaphezulu kunye nezithako kwikhonkco loshishino lwamalaphu ikakhulu babandakanya i-Huafu Cotton Industry, China Coloured Cotton, Hanya Agriculture, Fengda Cotton Industry, Real Madrid Technology, and Runtu Shares; Ababoneleli ngoomatshini belaphu ikakhulu baquka iZolang Intelligent, i-warp kunye ne-weft looms, njl. Uvavanyo lwelaphu ikakhulu lubandakanya iinkampani zovavanyo ezifana noVavanyo lweHuace. Amashishini aphakathi kushishino lwamalaphu ikakhulu abandakanya iXinao Group, iZhongding Textile, iZhejiang Culture Film Industry, iKangsai Ni, iLutai Group kunye namanye amashishini. Ababoneleli abaphambili bempahla esezantsi kunye nempahla kwikhonkco loshishino lwelaphu baquka iAnzheng Fashion, Meibang Apparel, kunye neHongdou Co., Ltd; ababoneleli ngelaphu ekhaya ikakhulu ziquka Zhongwang Ilaphu Art, i Taihu Lake Snow, njl; Amalaphu e-Industrial ikakhulu abandakanya i-Ogilvy Medical kunye ne-Stable Medical.
Imbali yoPhuhliso lweShishini
Njengoshishino lwemveli e-China, ishishini lamalaphu ngokuthe ngcembe libe ngamandla angundoqo axhasa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwenkqubo yoshishino lwamalaphu ehlabathi emva kweminyaka yophuhliso.
Ukusukela ekusekweni kwePeople's Republic of China, uphuhliso loshishino lwamalaphu lunokwahlulwa ngokwezigaba ezithandathu.
Ukusukela ngo-1949 ukuya ku-1978, i-China ngokusisiseko yaseka inkqubo yoshishino lwamalaphu olubanzi olunoluhlu olupheleleyo lweendidi kunye nekhonkco lonikezelo olupheleleyo.
Ukusukela ngo-1979 ukuya ku-1992, njengovulindlela wohlaziyo nokuvula, ishishini lamalaphu lalilandela indlela yamaxesha. Ukusukela ngo-1984 ukuya kowe-1992, ixabiso lempahla elukiweyo kunye nempahla ethunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle linyuke ngokuphindwe ka-5.9, ngomndilili wokukhula ngonyaka wama-27.23%. Isabelo selizwe laseTshayina kwimpahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle sinyuke ukusuka kwi-6.4% ukuya kwi-10.2%; Ukuthengwa kwempahla ekrwada yefayibha kumazwe angaphandle kwandile ukusuka kwi-600000 ukuya kwi-1.34 yezigidi zeetoni; Intsalela yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle inyuke ngamaxesha ayi-5.7, ibuyisela umva imeko yorhwebo oluzinzileyo lwaseTshayina lwentsilelo kwimpahla. Ukuqhubeka nzulu kohlaziyo kunye nokuvulwa kwandise indawo yophuhliso loshishino lwamalaphu.
Ukususela ngo-1993 ukuya ku-2000, ishishini lempahla yaseTshayina langena kwixesha lophuhliso oluzinzileyo; Ukusukela ngo-2001 ukuya ku-2007, ukusukela oko i-China yangena kwi-WTO, kwixesha lokudityaniswa kwezoqoqosho, ushishino lwamalaphu lwaseTshayina lwangena “kwindlela ekhawulezayo” kwaye yangenisa “ixesha legolide”. Isikhundla soshishino kwitsheyini lexabiso lelaphu lehlabathi likhula ngokuthe ngcembe, isabelo salo semarike sikhula rhoqo, kwaye impembelelo yalo kunye namandla entetho aqhubeleka ukomelela.
Ukusukela ngo-2008 ukuya ku-2020, ishishini lamalaphu laseTshayina laqala ukuphonononga inguqu, lihlengahlengisa ubume bemveliso yalo, kunye nenqanaba phakathi kwehlabathi eliphezulu ngokwesakhono sokwenza kunye namanqanaba kuwo onke amakhonkco ekhonkco leshishini. Itekhnoloji yemveliso yokubala okuphezulu kunye namalaphu anoxinano oluphezulu nawo aphakathi kwezona ziphezulu zehlabathi.
Ngexesha le-14 leminyaka yeSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu, i-China Textile Industry Federation indulule ukuba ibambe ngokuqinileyo “impumlo yenkunzi yenkomo” yokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, kuqhawuke imiqobo emikhulu, nokudala injini enamandla yophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso. Kwaye kwacetywa ukuba ngo-2023, ishishini lamalaphu lase-China kufuneka libe ngoyena mqhubi wetekhnoloji yamalaphu yehlabathi, inkokeli ebalulekileyo kwifashoni yehlabathi, kunye nomkhuthazi onamandla wophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Imeko yangoku yophuhliso lwamashishini
1. Ixabiso elongeziweyo lamashishini emizi-mveliso ngaphezu kobukhulu obumiselweyo kushishino lwamalaphu
NgokweNgxelo yokuSebenza kwezoQoqosho kuShishino lweMilaphu yaseTshayina, ukusuka ngowama-2018 ukuya kowama-2023, ixabiso elongezelelweyo lamashishini amashishini angaphezulu komlinganiselo obekiweyo kushishino lwamalaphu eTshayina lubonise umkhwa oguquguqukayo. Ngo-2023, ixabiso elongezelelweyo kwimizi-mveliso yamashishini ngaphezu kobukhulu obumiselweyo kushishino lwamalaphu lehle nge-1.2% unyaka nonyaka, kwaye isantya sokukhula siphinde saphindaphindeka xa kuthelekiswa no-2022.
2. Inani leeyunithi zamashishini oshishino lwamalaphu
Ngokutsho kwedatha evela kwiNational Bureau of Statistics, inani lamashishini amalaphu e-China wabonisa ukuguquguquka ukusuka 2017 ukuya 2023. NgoDisemba 2023, inani lamashishini oshishino lwamalaphu e-China 20822, ukwanda kwe-3.55% xa kuthelekiswa noDisemba 2022. Ngokunyuka kwenani lamashishini akhulayo alindeleke ukuba amashishini aqhubeke nokubonelela.
3. Imveliso yoshishino lwelaphu
Ngokwedatha evela kwiBhunga leSizwe leLaphu kunye neSinxibo saseTshayina kunye ne-Bureau yeSizwe yeeNkcukacha-manani, ukusuka ngo-2018 ukuya ku-2023, ukuveliswa komsonto, ilaphu, isilika, kunye namalaphu aphothiweyo adityanisiweyo kushishino lwelaphu lubonise ukuhla okuhla. Ngo-2023, ukuveliswa kweemveliso eziphambili ezinjengomsonto, ilaphu, isilika, kunye namalaphu aphothiweyo aya kuba yi-22.342 yezigidi zeetoni, i-29.49 yeebhiliyoni zeemitha, kunye ne-256.417 yezigidi zeemitha ngokulandelelanayo.
Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Epreli 2024, imveliso imveliso intambo imveliso yaba 7.061 yezigidi zeetoni, ukuhla ngonyaka-ngonyaka 5.72%; Imveliso yelaphu ifikelele kwi-10.31 yeebhiliyoni zeemitha, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-2.69%; Imveliso yesilika kunye neendwangu eziphothiweyo zifikelele kwi-78.665 yezigidi zeemitha, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-13.24%.
4. Isikali kunye nomthamo woshishino lwempahla elukiweyo
Ngokutsho kwedatha evela kwi-China National Textile and Apparel Council kunye ne-National Bureau of Statistics, ingeniso yokusebenza yeshishini leengubo zaseTshayina ngaphezu kobukhulu obutyunjiweyo bubonise ukuguquguquka okuguquguqukayo ukusuka ku-2018 ukuya ku-2023. Ngo-2023, ingeniso yokusebenza yoshishino lwamalaphu ngaphezu kobukhulu obumiselweyo yayiyi-2.28791 yetriliyoni ye-yuan, ukwehla kwe-1% ngonyaka, ukuhla kwe-12 ngonyaka.
Qaphela: Umgangatho weenkcukacha-manani weli candelo yingeniso yokusebenza yoshishino lwamalaphu ngaphezulu komlinganiselo othile, ngaphandle koshishino lwamalaphu nempahla kunye neshishini lemichiza yefayibha.
Ipatheni yokhuphiswano lweshishini
1. Ipateni yokhuphiswano lwengingqi: iZhejiang, iShandong, iHebei, iGuangdong, iJiangsu, iFujian kunye neminye imimandla ineengenelo ezinamandla zokukhuphisana.
Ushishino lwamalaphu lwaseTshayina lugxile kakhulu kumaphondo afana neZhejiang, Shandong, Hebei, Guangdong, Jiangsu, kunye neFujian. Le mimandla ineengenelo ezicacileyo zokukhuphisana kurhwebo lwangaphandle, iziseko ezixhasayo kwimizi-mveliso, kunye nokutsala italente.
Ngokwembono yekhonkco lee-industrial chain, ishishini le-cotton textile ligxininiswe kakhulu kwindawo ephakathi kunye nesezantsi yomlambo oMthubi kunye noMlambo waseYangtze, eziyindawo yokuqala yaseChina neyesibini yokuvelisa umqhaphu. Umzi-mveliso we-hemp textile usasazwa ikakhulu e-Harbin eMntla-mpuma we-China kunye ne-Hangzhou emlonyeni we-Qiantang River, eyona ndawo inkulu yemveliso yeflax kunye ne-jute; Ushishino lwempahla yoboya lusasazwa ikakhulu eBeijing, Hohhot, Xi'an, Lanzhou, Xining, Urumqi kunye nezinye iindawo, eziziindawo zokufuywa kwezilwanyana kunye neendawo zokuvelisa uboya kufutshane neendawo zokufuya izilwanyana; Umzi-mveliso wesilika wesilika usasazwa ikakhulu eHangzhou, eSuzhou, eWuxi, kwichibi laseTaihu Lake kunye neSichuan Basin, apho imvelaphi yesilika okanye i-Zuo silk; Umzi-mveliso wemichiza we-fiber textile usasazwa ikakhulu eZhejiang, eJiangsu, naseFujian; Ishishini lokuprinta kunye nokudaya lisasazwa ikakhulu eJiangsu, eZhejiang, eGuangdong nakweminye imimandla, apho imboni yelaphu iphuhliswa ngokulinganayo; Ukulungele ukunxiba imveliso igxile ikakhulu eGuangdong, eJiangsu, eZhejiang nakweminye imimandla, apho imveliso yelaphu iphuhliswe ngokwentelekiso kwaye inomxokelelwane ogqibeleleyo woshishino.
2. Ipateni yokhuphiswano lweshishini: Ukhuphiswano lwemarike luqatha
Ngokwembono yamasimi acandelweyo, ishishini lelaphu lomqhaphu lilawulwa ikakhulu ngamashishini afana ne-Weiqiao Entrepreneurship, iTianhong International, iHuafu Fashion, kunye neBailong Oriental; Ushishino lwamalaphu ehemp lulawulwa ikakhulu ngamashishini afana neJinying Shares, iHuasheng Shares, kunye neJinda Holdings; Ushishino lwamalaphu oboya lulawulwa ikakhulu ngamashishini afana neNew Australia Group, iZhongding Textile, kunye neZhejiang Culture Film Industry; Ushishino lwesilika kunye nolwalukiweyo lulawulwa ikakhulu ngamashishini afana neJiaxin Silk, iDali Silk, kunye neJin Fuchun; Umzi-mveliso wemichiza we-fiber textile uquka i-Caidie Industry, i-Hongda High tech, kunye ne-Taihua New Materials.
Amathuba ophuhliso lweshishini kunye noqikelelo lwentsingiselo
1. Uqikelelo lwentelekelelo: Ubungakanani bemarike buya kudlula i-3.4 yetriliyoni yeyuan ngo-2029
Ngo-2023, ukucotha kokukhula koqoqosho lwehlabathi kuye kwenza buthathaka imfuno esezantsi kushishino lwamalaphu. Izinto eziluhlaza ezinyukayo ezifana nomqhaphu kunye ne-oyile ziye zafumana ukuguquguquka okunamandla kwexabiso ngenxa yeengxabano zengingqi, kwaye impembelelo evela kumantla kunye nasezantsi iye yabeka uxinzelelo ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi kweshishini lempahla. Inkqubela-phambili yokuchacha koshishino lwamalaphu kulo bhubhani iye yacotha ngakumbi. Kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo, i-China iye yatsala utshintshiselwano lwemizi-mveliso yelaphu esuka eJapan, eMzantsi Korea nakwezinye iindawo ngeendleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi, kwaye iye yaphuhla yaba ngowona mvelisi welaphu mkhulu wehlabathi kunye nomthumeli-mpahla ngaphandle, ethatha izikhundla ezili-9 phakathi kwabenzi bomqhaphu abalishumi abaphezulu ehlabathini. Ngophuculo lwenqanaba lobuntlola kushishino lwamalaphu lwaseTshayina, ishishini liza kuzisa amathuba amatsha ophuhliso kwixesha elizayo. Ngokuhambelana “neSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu yoPhuhliso loShishino lwamaLukiweyo”, umndilili wonyaka wokukhula kwexabiso elongeziweyo kushishino lwamashishini olulaphu ngaphezu kobukhulu obumiselweyo uya kuhlala kuluhlu olufanelekileyo. Ukujonga phambili, kulindeleke ukuba ukusuka ku-2024 ukuya ku-2029, isikali soshishino lwamalaphu eTshayina luya kukhula ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka esisi-4%. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2029, isikali soshishino lwamalaphu eTshayina luya kufikelela kwi-3442.2 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan.
2. Uhlalutyo lwentsingiselo: ukudluliselwa kwamandla, "i-intanethi kunye", ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo okuluhlaza
Kwixesha elizayo, ushishino lwamalaphu lwaseTshayina luya kujolisa ikakhulu kukhutshelo oluthe ngcembe lwamandla emveliso kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia. I-intanethi kunye nelaphu likwalindeleke ukuba ibe yenye yeendlela zophuhliso lwexesha elizayo kushishino lwamalaphu kunye nempahla yaseTshayina. Ukongeza, ishishini lamalaphu laseTshayina liya kuhamba ngokuthe ngcembe kwindlela yokhuselo lokusingqongileyo. Ngaphantsi kwe-catalysis yokuphucula umthamo wemizi-mveliso, isikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo kunye nezinye izinto, ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo okuluhlaza kuseyenye yezinto ezifuna ukugxininiswa kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo loshishino lwempahla yaseTshayina kunye nempahla.
Dongguan Liansheng Non woven Technology Co., Ltd.yasekwa ngoMeyi 2020. Lishishini elikhulu lemveliso yelaphu elingalukiweyo elidibanisa uphando nophuhliso, imveliso, kunye neentengiso. Inokuvelisa imibala eyahlukeneyo ye-PP spunbond amalaphu angalukwanga kunye nobubanzi obungaphantsi kwe-3.2 yeemitha ukusuka kwi-9 grams ukuya kwi-300 grams.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-15-2024