Ishishini lelaphu elingalukwanga eIndiya

Kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, izinga lokukhula lonyaka kwishishini lelaphu elingalukwanga eIndiya lihleli likwi-15%. Abangaphakathi kwishishini baqikelela ukuba kwiminyaka ezayo, iIndiya kulindeleke ukuba ibe lelinye iziko lemveliso yelaphu elingalukwanga kwihlabathi liphela emva kweTshayina. Abahlalutyi baseburhulumenteni baseNdiya bathi ekupheleni kwe-2018, ukuveliswa kweendwangu ezingalukwanga e-Indiya kuya kufikelela kwiitoni ze-500000, kwaye ukuveliswa kweendwangu ezingabonakaliyo ze-spunbond ziya kubalelwa malunga ne-45% yemveliso epheleleyo. I-Indiya inabemi abaninzi kunye nemfuno enamandla yezinto ezingezona ezilukiweyo. Urhulumente waseIndiya wonyuse iinzame zokukhuthaza ishishini elingalukwanga ukuba lihambe ngokuthe ngcembe liye kwinqanaba eliphezulu, kwaye inani elikhulu leenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ziye zaseka iifektri okanye zaqhuba uhlolo eIndiya. Ithini imeko yentengiso yangoku yeemveliso ezingalukwanga eIndiya? Zeziphi iindlela zophuhliso kwixesha elizayo?

Inqanaba lokusetyenziswa okuphantsi libonisa amandla emarike

I-Indiya, njenge-China, luqoqosho olukhulu lwamalaphu. Kushishino lwamalaphu e-Indiya, isabelo semarike soshishino olungalukwanga lufikelela kwi-12%. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lwakutsha nje lubonisa ukuba ngoku, inqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingalukwanga ngabantu baseIndiya lisezantsi kakhulu, kwaye kukho indawo enkulu yokuphucula. I-Indiya inabemi abaninzi, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwe-per capita ngonyaka kwiimveliso ezingalukwanga yi-0.04 yeedola zase-US kuphela, ngelixa inqanaba lokusetyenziswa komntu ngamnye kummandla we-Asia Pacific yi-7.5 yeedola zaseMelika, iYurophu yaseNtshona yi-34.90 yeedola zase-US, kunye ne-United States yi-42.20 yeedola zaseMelika. Ukongeza, amaxabiso aphantsi abasebenzi eIndiya sisizathu sokuba iinkampani zaseNtshona zibe nethemba malunga nosetyenziso lwaseIndiya. Ngokophando olwenziwa yi-European International Testing and Consulting Agency, inqanaba lokusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezingalukwanga eIndiya liya kwanda nge-20% ukusuka kwi-2014 ukuya ku-2018, ikakhulu ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokuzalwa eIndiya, ngakumbi ukwanda kwabasetyhini, kunye namandla amakhulu okusetyenziswa.

Ukusuka kwizicwangciso zeminyaka emihlanu eIndiya, kunokubonwa ukuba itekhnoloji engalukwanga kunye neshishini lelaphu libe ziindawo eziphambili kuphuhliso lwaseIndiya. Ukhuselo, ukhuseleko, impilo, iindlela kunye nolunye ulwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo zaseIndiya nako kuya kubonelela ngamathuba amakhulu oshishino kushishino olungalukwanga. Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lweshishini elingalukwanga eIndiya nalo lijongene nemiqobo efana nokunqongophala kwabasebenzi abanezakhono, ukunqongophala kwabacebisi abaziingcali, kunye nokungabikho kwemali kunye nobuchwepheshe.

Ukukhutshwa okunzulu kweMigaqo-nkqubo eKhethekileyo, iZiko leTekhnoloji Lenza imiSebenzi ebalulekileyo

Ukuze kutsalwe umdla wotyalo-mali oluthe chatha, urhulumente waseIndiya ebezama ukunyusa utyalo-mali kushishino lwasekhaya lwamalaphu angalukwanga.

Okwangoku, uphuhliso lweshishini lelaphu elingalukwanga eIndiya libe yinxalenye yesicwangciso sophuhliso lwesizwe "2013-2017 India Technical Textile and Non loven Fabric Industry Development Plan". Ngokungafaniyo namanye amazwe asakhasayo, urhulumente waseIndiya ubeka ugxininiso olukhulu kuyilo lwemveliso kunye neemveliso ezintsha ezingalukwanga, ezinceda ekomelezeni ukhuphiswano lweemveliso zakhe kurhwebo lwehlabathi. Iprojekthi ikwaceba ukutyala imali eninzi kuphando lweshishini kunye nomsebenzi wophuhliso ngaphambi kowama-2020.

Urhulumente wase-Indiya uxhasa ukusekwa kwemimandla yoqoqosho eyohlukileyo ekhethekileyo ngaphakathi, ngethemba lokutsala abatyali-mali kumacandelwana ahlukeneyo. ISithili saseMondra kwiphondo laseGujarat kwintshona yeIndiya kunye nommandla osemazantsi eIndiya baye bakhokela ekusekeni imimandla yezoqoqosho yemveliso yelaphu elingalukiweyo. Abahlali bale mimandla mibini ikhethekileyo baza kugxila ekuveliseni amalaphu emizi-mveliso kunye namalaphu angalukwanga, kwaye baya kufumana imigaqo-nkqubo ekhethwayo emininzi efana nenkuthazo yerhafu karhulumente.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, urhulumente waseIndiya useke amaziko amane okugqwesa kwilaphu lemizi-mveliso njengenxalenye yenkqubo yetekhnoloji yetekhnoloji. Utyalo-mali lulonke lwala maziko kwiminyaka emi-3 lumalunga ne-22 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika. Ezona ndawo zingundoqo zolwakhiwo ezine zeprojekthi ngamalaphu angalukwanga, amalaphu ezemidlalo, amalaphu aphuma kwimizi-mveliso, kunye nemathiriyeli edibeneyo. Iziko ngalinye liya kufumana i-5.44 yezigidi zeerandi kwinkxaso-mali yokwakha iziseko zophuhliso, inkxaso yetalente, kunye nezixhobo ezisisigxina. I-DKTE Textile and Engineering Research Institute ebekwe eYicher Grunge, eIndiya iya kuseka iziko lelaphu elingalukwanga.

Ukongeza, urhulumente waseIndiya ukhuphe izibonelelo ezikhethekileyo zezixhobo ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamashishini amalaphu angalukwanga ekhaya. Ngokwesicwangciso, ukubonelelwa kwezibonelelo ezikhethekileyo kufuneka kukwazi ukukhuthaza abavelisi basekhaya baseIndiya ukuba bagqibezele ukuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji ekupheleni kwalo nyaka. Ngokwesicwangciso sikarhulumente, ukwanda kwemveliso yasekhaya yamalaphu angalukwanga kuya kunika iIndiya ithuba lokuqalisa ukuthumela iimveliso kwiimarike ezingabamelwane, kubandakanya iPakistan, iBangladesh, iSri Lanka, iNepal, iBhutan, iMyanmar, iMpuma Afrika, kunye namanye amazwe akuMbindi Mpuma, zonke ezo ziye zandisa kakhulu imfuno yamalaphu angalukwanga kwiinyanga zamva nje.

Ukongeza ekonyukeni kwemveliso yasekhaya, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweemveliso zelaphu ezingalukwanga eIndiya nako kuya kwanda kakhulu kwiminyaka ezayo. Ukunyuka kwengeniso echithwayo kunegalelo kwimveliso kunye nokuthengiswa kwee-diapers zabantwana.

Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwemfuno yezinto ezingalukwanga eIndiya, izigebenga zehlabathi ezingalukiweyo zikwabhengeze izicwangciso zokunyusa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kwimarike yaseIndiya, kwaye nokuba nezicwangciso zokuthengisa imveliso eIndiya. Uninzi lwabavelisi belaphu elingalukwanga abaye bahlala e-China nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia bathumele amalaphu angalukwanga e-Indiya ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo yeemveliso zococeko eIndiya.

Iinkampani zaseYurophu nezaseMelika zinomdla wokwakha iifektri eIndiya

Ukusukela ngo-2015, phantse iinkampani zangaphandle ezili-100 ziye zakhetha ukuseka iifektri zokuvelisa izinto ezingalukwanga eIndiya, ezinkulu.amashishini angalukwangaeYurophu naseMelika ngokubanzi kutyalo-mali kakhulu.

I-Dech Joy, inkampani yaseMelika, yakhe malunga nemizila yejethi yamanzi esi-8 kwizixeko ezininzi kumazantsi eIndiya kwiminyaka emi-2, kutyalo-mali olumalunga nezigidi ezingama-90 zeedola zaseMelika. Inkokeli yenkampani yathi ukusukela ngo-2015, imfuno yokusula okumanzi kwishishini eIndiya inyuke kakhulu, kwaye amandla emveliso akhoyo enkampani awasakwazi ukuhlangabezana notshintsho kwimfuno yentengiso yasekhaya. Ngoko ke, kuye kwagqitywa ukuba kwandiswe umthamo wemveliso.

U-Precot, umvelisi owaziwayo waseJamani weemveliso ezingalukwanga, uye waseka iprojekthi yokuvelisa ilaphu elingalukwanga kummandla osemazantsi we-India yase-Karnataka, ikakhulu ukuvelisa iimveliso zempilo. I-CEO yeSebe elitsha le-Precot, i-Ashok, ichaze ukuba le yifektri ebanzi ebandakanya kungekuphela nje imigca yemveliso yelaphu engalukiweyo kunye noomatshini bokugqiba, kodwa kunye nokuzenzela iimveliso.

I-Fiberweb, inkampani yaseMelika, iseke iTerram eIndiya, ebandakanya imigca emibini yokuvelisa: i-geotextile kunye ne-spunbond. Ngokutsho kwengcali yezentengiso uHamilton ovela ku-iberweb, iIndiya ityala imali eninzi kwiziseko zayo zokuxhasa uphuhliso loqoqosho olukhawulezayo, kwaye intengiso ye-geotextiles kunye ne-geosynthetics iya kuba banzi. "Siye sasungula intsebenziswano kunye nabanye abathengi basekhaya eIndiya, kwaye ummandla waseIndiya ube yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesicwangciso seFiberweb sokwandisa iimarike zaphesheya. Ukongezelela, iIndiya ibonelela ngesiseko seendleko ezikhangayo, esivumela ukuba sinikeze abathengi ngezinto eziphezulu ngelixa siqinisekisa amaxabiso akhuphisanayo, "kusho uHamilton.

I-Procter&Gamble inesicwangciso sokuseka umgca wemveliso ongalukwanga ngokukodwa kwimarike yaseIndiya nabemi. Ngokwezibalo zeProcter&Gamble, inani labantu baseIndiya lilonke liya kufikelela kwi-1.4 yezigidigidi kwiminyaka ezayo, kudala iimeko zokunyuka kwemfuno yeemveliso zayo. Inkokeli yenkampani ithe kukho imfuno ephezulu yamalaphu angalukwanga kwimarike yaseIndiya, kodwa iindleko kunye nokuphazamiseka okunxulumene nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwemida kwezixhobo ezikrwada ngandlel 'ithile akuphazamisi kumashishini afumana inkxaso-mali kwamanye amazwe. Ukuseta iifektri ekuhlaleni kukukhonza ngcono abathengi kwingingqi yaseIndiya.

Inkampani yaseIndiya yasekhaya, iGlobal Nonwoven Group, yakhe imigca emininzi yokusonta kunye nokunyibilika kwemveliso eNasik. Isithethi sale nkampani sithe ngenxa yokonyuka okukhulu kwenkxaso karhulumente kwinkampani kunye nabanye abavelisi beshishini kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iiprojekthi zayo zotyalo-mali zande kakhulu, kwaye inkampani iya kuqwalasela izicwangciso ezintsha zokwandisa.