Abantu abaninzi bayazi ukuba undoqo weemaski zotyando kunye neemaski ze-N95 ngumaleko ophakathi-umqhaphu onyibilikileyo.
Ukuba awukayazi, masiyiphonononge ngokufutshane kuqala. Iimaski zotyando zahlulwe zangamaleko amathathu, kunye nemigangatho emibini yangaphandle iyilaphu eliphothiweyo elingalukwanga kwaye umaleko ophakathi ube ngumqhaphu onyibilikayo. Nokuba lilaphu eli-spunbond elingalukwanga okanye i-cotton enyibilikayo, ayenziwa ngomqhaphu, kodwa ngeplastiki ye-polypropylene (PP).
U-Behnam Pourdeyhimi, usekela-mlawuli weZiko leZizinto ezingalukwanga kwiYunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina State kunye nonjingalwazi wesayensi yezinto, uchaze ukuba amaleko angaphambili nasemva kwelaphu elingalukwanga kwiimaski zotyando alinawo amandla okucoca iintsholongwane. Ziyakwazi kuphela ukuvala amathontsi elulwelo, kwaye kuphela umaleko ophakathi umqhaphu meltblown unomsebenzi wokucoca ibhaktheriya.
Umsebenzi wokucoca welaphu elingalukwanga elivuthelweyo.
Enyanisweni, ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca (i-FE) yeentsinga kuchongwa ngumyinge wabo we-diameter kunye nokupakisha ukuxinana. Okukhona sisincinci idayamitha yefayibha, kokukhona siphezulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca.
Idayamitha yomqhaphu ogqityiweyo wemisonto enyibilikisiweyo imalunga ne-0.5-10 ye-microns, ngelixa i-diameter ye-spunbond layer fibers ijikeleze i-20 microns. Ngenxa yeentsinga ze-ultrafine, umqhaphu onyibilikayo unomphezulu omkhulu kwaye unokubhengeza amasuntswana amancinci ahlukeneyo. Eyona nto ichukumisa nangakumbi kukuba umqhaphu onyibilikisiweyo uyaphefumla, uwenza ube yinto efanelekileyo yokwenza izihluzi zemaski, ngelixa ilaphu elingalukwanga le-spunbond lingenjalo.
Makhe sijonge inkqubo yokwenziwa kwezi ntlobo zimbini zeamalaphu angalukwanga.
Xa kusenziwa ilaphu le-spunbond elingalukwanga, i-polypropylene iyanyibilika kwaye itsalwe kwisilika, ethi ke ibe ngumnatha--Xa kuthelekiswa namalaphu e-spunbond angalukwanga, umqhaphu onyibilikisiweyo unobuchwephesha obuphezulu kakhulu, kwaye enyanisweni, itekhnoloji enyibilikayo bubuchwephesha kuphela obusetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kobukhulu bemicu emincinci.
Inkqubo yokwenziwa komqhaphu onyibilikisiweyo
Umtshini unokuvelisa umoya oshushu ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu, oya kuthi utshize i-polypropylene enyibilikisiweyo ukusuka kumbhobho wejet onyibilikayo ovuleke kakhulu, onesiphumo esifanayo nesitshizi.
Iintsinga ze-Misty ultrafine fibers ziqokelelana kwiirola okanye iipleyiti ukuze zenze amalaphu angalukwanga avuthelweyo-enyanisweni, inkuthazo yetekhnoloji enyibilikayo iphuma kwindalo. Mhlawumbi awuyazi ukuba indalo ikwavelisa izinto ezinyibilikayo. Kusoloko kukho iiwigi ezikhangeleka zingaqhelekanga kufutshane nemingxuma yentaba-mlilo, eziziinwele zikaPele, ezenziwe ngemagma yebasaltic evuthuzwa ngumoya oshushu wentaba-mlilo.
Ngeminyaka yoo-1950, iLabhoratri yoPhando lwasemanzini yase-US (NRL) yaqala yasebenzisa itekhnoloji enyibilikayo ukwenza iintsinga zokucoca imathiriyeli yokusasazeka ngemitha. Kule mihla, itekhnoloji enyibilikayo enyibilikayo ayisetyenziswanga kuphela ukwenza izixhobo zokucoca ukucoca amanzi kunye negesi, kodwa nakwimveliso yezixhobo zokugquma ezinje ngoboya beminerali. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca komqhaphu onyibilikayo ngokwawo kumalunga nama-25%. Yenzeke njani i-95% yokuhluza iimaski eziN95?
Eli linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokwenziwa komqhaphu onyibilikileyo wonyango – unyango lwe-electrostatic polarization.
Inje ngale, njengoko besitshilo, ukusebenza kakuhle kohluzo lweemaski kunxulumene nobubanzi bazo kunye noxinzelelo lokuzalisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ilukwe ngokuqinileyo kakhulu, imaski ayiyi kuphefumla kwaye lowo uyinxibileyo uya kuziva engonwabanga. Ukuba unyango lwe-electrostatic polarization ayenziwanga, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhluzwa kwelaphu elinyibilikayo elingenza abantu bazive bengafuthaniselwanga yi-25% kuphela.
Singakuphucula njani ukuphefumla ngelixa siqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca?
Ngomnyaka we-1995, isazinzulu sobunjineli uPeter P. Tsai ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseTennessee weza nombono wobuchwephesha be-electrostatic precipitation technology esetyenziswa kuhluzo lwamashishini.
Kwishishini (njengeetshimini zasefektri), iinjineli zisebenzisa indawo yombane ukutshaja amasuntswana kwaye emva koko zisebenzise igridi yamandla ukuwafunxa ukuze kuhluzwe amasuntswana amancinane kakhulu.
Ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-electrostatic precipitator yokucoca umoya
Ngokukhuthazwa yile teknoloji, abantu abaninzi baye bazama ukufaka umbane kwimicu yeplastiki, kodwa abazange baphumelele. Kodwa uCai Bingyi uyenzile. Wayila indlela yokuhlawula iplastiki, i-ionizing emoyeni kwaye i-electrostatically itshaja ilaphu elinyibilikayo, liyiguqule libe yi-electret, into ehlawuliswa ngokusisigxina efana nePikachu.
Emva kokuba iguqulwe yaba yiPikachu, umaleko wePikachu unyibilike ilaphu elivuthelweyo awunakufikelela kuphela kwi-10 umaleko ngaphandle kombane, kodwa utsala amasuntswana obubanzi obumalunga ne-100 nm, njenge-COVID-19.
Kunokuthiwa ngetekhnoloji yeCai Bingyi, iimaski ze-N95 zenziwe. Iibhiliyoni zobomi babantu kwihlabathi jikelele zikhuselwe kobu bugcisa.
Ngokuzenzekelayo, ubuchule bokutshaja be-electrostatic kaCai Bingyi bubizwa ngokuba kukutshaja kwe-corona electrostatic, eluhlobo olunye lwe-corona njenge-coronavirus, kodwa apha i-corona ithetha i-corona.
Emva kokubukela inkqubo yokwenziwa kwebakala lezonyango inyibilika ikotoni evuthelweyo, uya kuqonda ubunzima bayo bobugcisa. Enyanisweni, eyona nxalenye inzima yenkqubo yokwenziwa komqhaphu onyibilikisiweyo inokuba ngumatshini wokwenziwa komqhaphu onyibilikisiweyo.
Ngo-Matshi walo nyaka, uMarkus Mü ller, umlawuli wezentengiso we-Reicol, umthengisi waseJamani we-meltblown machinery, wathi kudliwano-ndlebe kunye ne-NPR ukuba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iifayili zilungile kwaye zinomgangatho ozinzile, oomatshini abancibilikayo bafuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwaye kunzima ukwenza. Ukuveliswa kunye nexesha lokuhlanganisa umatshini ubuncinane iinyanga ezi-5-6, kwaye ixabiso lomatshini ngamnye linokufikelela kwi-4 yezigidi zeedola. Nangona kunjalo, oomatshini abaninzi kwimarike banamanqanaba angalinganiyo omgangatho.
Hills, Inc. eFlorida ngomnye wabavelisi abambalwa kwihlabathi abanokuvelisa imilomo yezixhobo zomqhaphu ezinyibilikayo. UTimothy Robson, umphathi weR&D wenkampani, ukwathe izixhobo zomqhaphu ezinyibilikayo zinezinga eliphezulu lomxholo wetekhnoloji.
Nangona imveliso yaseTshayina yeemaski minyaka le ibalelwa malunga ne-50% yelizwe lonke, iyenza ibe ngoyena mvelisi mkhulu kunye nomthengisi weemaski, ngokutsho kwedatha evela kuMbutho wezoShishino lwezoShishino lwaseTshayina ngoFebruwari, imveliso yelizwe yamalaphu angalukwanga anyibilikisiweyo angaphantsi kweetoni ezili-100000 ngonyaka, ebonisa ukunqongophala okukhulu kwamalaphu angalukwanga anyibilikisiweyo.
Ukuthathela ingqalelo ixabiso kunye nexesha lokuhanjiswa koomatshini bokwenza ilaphu elinyibilikisiweyo, amashishini amancinci awanakwenzeka ukuba avelise inani elikhulu lomqhaphu onyibilikisiweyo ofanelekileyo ngexesha elifutshane.
Indlela yokufumanisa ukuba imaski ethengiweyo ifanelekile kwaye yenziwe ngekotoni enyibilikayo?
Indlela eneneni ilula kakhulu, thatha amanyathelo amathathu.
Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuba umaleko wangaphandle welaphu le-spunbond elingalukwanga kwicookies zesandwich lineempawu zokungangeni manzi, iimaski zonyango ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zingabi namanzi. Ukuba azikhuseli amanzi, zinokuwahluza njani amathontsi atshizwe emlonyeni? Ungazama ukugalela amanzi kulo bhuti.
Okwesibini, i-polypropylene ayilula ukubamba umlilo kwaye ithanda ukunyibilika xa ibekwe kubushushu, ngoko ke umqhaphu ovuthelweyo onyibilikayo awuyi kutshisa. Ukuba ibhakwe nge-lighter, i-cotton enyibilikisiweyo iya kuqengqeleka kwaye iwe, kodwa ayiyi kubamba umlilo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba umaleko ophakathi wemaski oyithengayo ubamba umlilo xa ubhakwa ngesibane, ngokuqinisekileyo yinkohliso.
Okwesithathu, umqhaphu onyibilikisiweyo wonyango yiPikachu, enombane ongatshintshiyo, ngoko ke inokuchola amaphepha amancinci.
Ewe kunjalo, ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa imaski enye amaxesha amaninzi, umqambi we-N95, uCai Bingyi, uneengcebiso zokubulala iintsholongwane.
Ngomhla wama-25 kuMatshi walo nyaka, uCai Bingyi wathi kwiwebhusayithi yeDyunivesithi yaseTennessee ukuba isiphumo se-electrostatic polarization yeemaski zonyango kunye ne-N95 imaski izinzile. Nokuba iimaski zibulawa iintsholongwane ngomoya oshushu kwi-70 degrees Celsius imizuzu engama-30, ayichaphazeli iipropathi zepolarization zeemaski. Nangona kunjalo, utywala buya kuthwala intlawulo yelaphu elinyibilikisiweyo, ke musa ukubulala iintsholongwane imaski ngotywala.
Ngendlela, ngenxa yokufunxa okuqinileyo, umqobo, ukuhluza, kunye nezakhono zokuthintela ukuvuza komqhaphu onyibilikayo, iimveliso ezininzi zabasetyhini kunye neediapers nazo zenziwe ngayo. UKimberly Clark wayengowokuqala ukufaka isicelo samalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza.
Dongguan Liansheng Non woven Technology Co., Ltd.yasekwa ngoMeyi 2020. Lishishini elikhulu lemveliso yelaphu elingalukiweyo elidibanisa uphando nophuhliso, imveliso, kunye neentengiso. Inokuvelisa imibala eyahlukeneyo ye-PP spunbond amalaphu angalukwanga kunye nobubanzi obungaphantsi kwe-3.2 yeemitha ukusuka kwi-9 grams ukuya kwi-300 grams.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-26-2024