Ukusetyenziswa okuchanekileyo kwamalaphu angalukwanga ekulimeni izithole zerayisi

1.Izinto eziluncedo zamalaphu angalukwanga okulinywa kwezithole zerayisi

1.1 Iyagqunywa kwaye iyaphefumla, nokutshintsha kobushushu obuthambileyo kwi-seedbed, okukhokelela kwikhwalithi ephezulu kunye nezithole ezomeleleyo.

1.2 Akukho kungena komoya okufunekayo xa kulinywa izithole, nto leyo esindisa umsebenzi nomsebenzi. Ilaphu elingalukwanga ligugile kwaye likrazukile, nto leyo eyenza ukuba lilungele kakhulu amasimi okuhlwayela kade.

1.3 Ukunyuka kwamanzi aphantsi, ukunciphisa ukunkcenkceshela kunye nobungakanani.

1.4 Ilaphu elingalukwanga liyaqina kwaye liyahlambeka, kwaye linokusetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-3.

I-1.5 yokulima izithole ifuna ilaphu elinye elingalukwanga kwindawo nganye yebhedi, ngelixa ifilimu yeplastiki ifuna amashiti ayi-1.50, enexabiso eliphantsi kunokusebenzisa ifilimu yeplastiki kwaye inongcoliseko oluncinci lokusingqongileyo.

2. Ukulungiswa kwezithole

2.1 Lungiselela imathiriyeli eyaneleyo yokulima izithole: amalaphu angalukwanga, iirakhi, umhlaba onesondlo, abalawuli, njl.

2.2 Khetha isiza esifanelekileyo sokufuya: Ngokuqhelekileyo, khetha indawo ethe tyaba, eyomileyo, ekhupha amanzi ngokulula, nenomoya enembonakalo enelanga; Ukuhlakulela izithole eHonda, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha indawo ephakamileyo yomhlaba kunye nokwakha amaqonga aphezulu ukufikelela kwiimeko ezomileyo zokulima.

2.3 Khetha iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokulima izithole: ukulinywa kwezithole ezomileyo, ukulinywa kwezithole kwidisk ethambileyo, ukulinywa kwezithole zodwa, kunye nokukhuliswa kwezithole kwitreyi yesitya.

2.4 Ukulungiswa komhlaba kunye nokwenza ibhedi: ngokubanzi yi-10-15cm, kunye nomsele wokuhambisa amanzi obuyi-10cm. Xa ukhulisa izithole kwiindawo eziphakamileyo nezomileyo ezomileyo kunye namasimi egadi, kwanele ukuhlala kwibhedi ethe tyaba okanye ibhedi iphakame kancinci.

3. Ukulungiswa kwembewu

Ngaphambi kokutyala, khetha imozulu entle kwimbewu yelanga kangangeentsuku ezingama-2-3. Sebenzisa amanzi anetyuwa ukukhetha imbewu (20g yetyuwa ngekhilogram nganye yamanzi). Emva kokukhethwa, zihlambulule ngokucokisekileyo ngamanzi. Gxuma imbewu ngamaxesha angama-300-400 kwisisombululo sokucwiliswa kwembewu iintsuku ezi-5-7 de i-buds iphule.

4 .Ukuhlwayela

4.1 Misela ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutyala kunye nobungakanani. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umhla osemva kweminyaka yokufumana izithole, elinani leentsuku zokukhula kwezithole zerayisi kwi-seedbed, libalwa umva ukusuka kumhla ocwangcisiweyo wokutyala. Umzekelo, ukuba ukutyalwa kucwangciswe nge-20 kaMeyi kwaye ubudala bezithole ziintsuku ezingama-35, ke i-15 ka-Epreli, umhla wokuhlwayela, iya kubuyiselwa emva kwiintsuku ezingama-35 ukusuka nge-20 kaMeyi. Okwangoku, ukutshintshwa kwerayisi ikakhulu kusetyenziswa izithombo eziphakathi, kunye nobudala bembewu yeentsuku ezingama-30-35.

4.2 Ukulungiswa koMhlaba oneSondlo. Sebenzisa umgquba wasefama obole ngokupheleleyo, uwugalele kakuhle kwaye uwuhluze, kwaye udibanise nomhlaba wegadi okanye omnye umhlaba weendwendwe kumlinganiselo we-1:2-3 ukwenza umhlaba wezondlo. Yongeza i-150g ye-agent yokomeleza izithole, kwaye udibanise umhlaba ngokulinganayo.

4.3 Inkqubo yokuhlwayela. Hlala ebhedini ngokucophelela kwaye uthele amanzi ngokucokisekileyo; Ukuthobela umgaqo wokuhlwayela kancinci kunye nokulinywa kwezithole ezomeleleyo; Ukulinywa kwezithole ezomileyo kubandakanya ukuhlwayelwa kwe 200-300g yembewu eyomileyo kwi square meter nganye, kwaye ubungakanani bembewu esetyenziselwa ukulinywa kwezithole bunokucuthwa ngokufanelekileyo kusetyenziswa iitreyi ezithambileyo okanye zokujula.

Imbewu kufuneka ityalwe ngokulinganayo, kwaye emva kokuhlwayela, sebenzisa umtshayelo okanye ibhodi yeplanga egudileyo ukumbamba okanye ukucinezela imbewu emhlabeni kumacala amathathu. Emva koko gquma ngokulinganayo ngomaleko we-0.50cm yomhlaba ocolekileyo ocolekileyo ohluziweyo ukuze uvale kwaye ubulale ingca, kwaye ugqume ngefilimu yeplastiki. Ngokukhawuleza gubungela umphezulu webhedi ngefilimu yeplastiki ye-ultra-thin ebanzi njengomgangatho webhedi kwaye ide kancinane kunomgangatho webhedi emva kokuvala kunye nokhula, ukwenzela ukwandisa ubushushu kunye nokugcina ukufuma, ukukhuthaza ukuvela kwangethuba kunye nokukhawuleza kwezithole. Emva kokuba izithole zivela, susa olu luhlu lwefilimu yeplastiki ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukukhusela ukutshiswa kobushushu obuphezulu bezithole.

4.4 Ukugquma ngelaphu elingalukwanga. Igqunywe ngee-arches. Faka i-skeleton ngokwenkqubo yendawo yebhedi ebanzi evulekileyo kunye nevaliweyo yokulima ifilimu yezolimo, uyigqume ngelaphu elingalukwanga, ucinezele ngokuqinileyo ngomhlaba, emva koko ubophe intambo.

Skeleton free isigqubuthelo flat. Indlela yokwenza kukwakha umqolo ojikeleze ibhedi unobude obuyi-10-15cm, ze wolule ilaphu elingalukwanga libe mcaba. Amacala amane abekwe kwi-ridge kwaye acinezele ngokuqinileyo ngomhlaba. Iintambo zokuqhawula umoya kunye nezinye ireferensi yezolimo.

5. Ulawulo lwentsimi yezithole

Ukulinywa kwezithole zelaphu elingalukwanga akufuni kungena kungenisa umoya ngesandla kunye nokulinywa, kwaye kunqabile ukunyangwa kwebhaktiriya. Ngoko ke, nje ukuba ingqalelo ihlawulwe ekuzalisweni kwamanzi kunye nokutsalwa kwexesha elifanelekileyo lefilimu yeplastiki.

5.1 Ukutsalwa kwe-Membrane kunye nokuzaliswa kwakhona kwamanzi. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kokulinywa kwezithole ngelaphu elingalukwanga kuphezulu, kwaye ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo ngexesha lenqanaba lokugalela kungaphantsi kwelo lokulinywa kwezithole zefilimu yeplastiki. Ukuba ukufuma komhlaba akwanelanga, akulingani, okanye umhlaba ongaphezulu ujike ube mhlophe ngenxa yemisebenzi yokulima izithole engafanelekanga, sebenzisa inkonkxa yokunkcenkceshela ukutshiza ngqo elaphuni. Ukuba umhlaba webhedi umanzi kakhulu okanye unamanzi xa ukhulisa izithole kwiHonda okanye kwiindawo eziphantsi, kuyimfuneko ukususa ifilimu yomhlaba webhedi kunye nomoya webhedi ukususa umswakama, ukuthintela ukubola okubolileyo kunye nembewu embi, kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu. Xa uzalisa amanzi, okokuqala, kufuneka ahlaziywe ngokucokisekileyo, kwaye okwesibini, kufuneka aqhutywe ekuseni okanye ngokuhlwa ukuphepha ukushisa okuphezulu emini. Ngexesha elifanayo, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa amanzi omisiwe ukuze ugweme "amanzi abandayo athululela entloko eshushu". Okwesithathu, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa inkonkxa yokunkcenkceshela yamehlo ecocekileyo ukutshiza endaweni yezikhukhula.

Xa izithole zerayisi zinentloko eluhlaza, ifilimu yeplastiki ebekwe phantsi kwindawo yokulala kufuneka ikhutshwe, kwaye indawo ebonakalisiweyo kufuneka ibuyiselwe kwaye ihlanganiswe.

5.2 Ukulungiswa okuphezulu. Imbewu yerayisi ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye ne-agent eqinisa izithole (ekwaziwa ngokuba ngumlawuli) enezondlo ezaneleyo kunye nomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wezondlo unokuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchumisa okukodwa kunokuhlangabezana neemfuno zezondlo zezithole kulo lonke ixesha lokukhula kwezithole, kwaye ngokubanzi ayifuni ukuchumisa ngakumbi.

5.3 Uthintelo kunye nolawulo lwebhaktiriya wilt. Ukubeka uthintelo kuqala, kubandakanywa nokulungiselela i-high quality seedling nutritionists kunye ne-pH efanelekileyo, ukudala iimeko ezilungileyo zokuphuhliswa kweengcambu zembewu yerayisi, ukomeleza ulawulo lobushushu, ukufuma, kunye nezondlo kwibhedi yezithole, kunye nokuhlakulela izithole eziqinileyo ezinokumelana nezifo ezinamandla. Ukongezelela, ukusebenzisa ii-agent ezikhethekileyo ezifanelekileyo nako kunokufikelela kwimiphumo emihle yokulawula.

6. Imiqathango yokuLima izithole zeMalaphu

6.1 Khetha amalaphu angalukwanga alungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukulinywa kwezithole zerayisi.

6.2 Lungisa ngokungqongqo umhlaba onesondlo sokulinywa kwezithole, kunye nezinto zokomeleza izithombo zerayisi ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo womhlaba onesondlo sokulinywa kwezithole.

6.3 Ukuntshula kwembewu ngokungqongqo kunye nokufudumala okongeziweyo kwangethuba. Impembelelo yokugquma amalaphu angalukwanga ekulinyweni kwezithole zerayisi ayilunganga njengaleyo yeefilimu zezolimo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuvela kwangethuba, okupheleleyo kunye nokugqibeleleyo kwezithole, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ngokungqongqo ukuntshula kwembewu ngokweenkqubo zokusebenza; Okwesibini, kuyimfuneko ukugubungela ibhedi ngefilimu yeplastiki okanye ukugubungela i-shed ngefilimu endala yezolimo kwinqanaba lokuqala lokulinywa kwezithole ukuphucula i-insulation effect.

6.4 Susa ngokukhawuleza amanyathelo ancedisayo okufudumeza. Ngethuba lexesha elivela kwinaliti eluhlaza ukuya kwiqabunga eli-1 kunye nentliziyo ye-1 yezithole, ifilimu yeplastiki ebekwe phezu kombhede kufuneka isuswe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ifilimu yeplastiki okanye ifilimu endala yezolimo ehlanganiswe ngelaphu elingalukwanga kufuneka isuswe.

6.5 Ukunkcenkceshela ngexesha. Ukugcina amanzi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukunkcenkceshela okufanayo, sebenzisa isitya sokunkcenkceshela ukuze ufefe ngokuthe ngqo kwilaphu. I-arc ye-arch shed inkulu kakhulu, kwaye kufuneka ityhilwe kwaye ifakwe amanzi.

6.6 Libambe ngokuguquguqukayo ixesha lokutyhilwa. Xa kusondela ixesha lokutshintshwa, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwiinguqu kwiqondo lokushisa langaphandle ukuphepha ukushisa okuphezulu okubangela ukuba izithole zikhule ngokugqithiseleyo kwi-shed non-loven. Kufuneka kuvezwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngokwemeko ethile. Ukuba amaqondo obushushu angaphandle aphantsi kwaye ukukhula kwezithole akunamandla, kunokugqunywa ngobo busuku; Ukuba ubushushu bangaphandle buphezulu kakhulu kwaye izithole zikhula ngamandla kakhulu, kufuneka zivele kwangoko; Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa iqondo lobushushu ngaphakathi kwishedi liqhubeka lidlula 28 ℃, ilaphu kufuneka lisuswe.