Uyazazi izizathu zokuthi kungani izindwangu ezingalukiwe zisetshenziswa emkhakheni wezokwelapha?

Ama-nonwovens asetshenziswe embonini yezokwelapha kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II, lapho kwakudingeka inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yezokwelapha emisha. Ama-Nonwovens athathwa njengento esebenza kakhulu yokuvimbela amagciwane emibikweni eminingi eshicilelwe. Kuphinde kwatholakala ukuthi banciphisa ukungcoliswa komoya kangcono kunefilakisi. Izingubo ezingezona ezelukiwe ziye zenziwa intuthuko enkulu, futhi namuhla zidlula ozakwabo abalukiwe ezicini eziningana, ezihlanganisa izindleko, ukusebenza kahle, nokulahlwa. Ezibhedlela, ukuthelelana ngezifo kungenye yezinkinga eziyinhloko. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezifihla-buso ezilukiwe, izingubo zokugqoka, nezinye izinto zemvelo efanayo, ezingangcoliswa futhi zisakaze amagciwane. Ukwethulwa kwama-nonwovens kuye kwasiza ekudaleni izinto ezithengekayo, nezilahlwayo.

Kungani uyofuna imaski yokuhlinzwa ngaphandle kokuluka? Ezibhedlela, imaski yokuhlinzwa engalukiwe iyisixwayiso esibalulekile sokuphepha ezigulini nakubasebenzi bezokwelapha. Amamaski ekhwalithi ephezulu abalulekile kubaphathi bezikhungo nakubanakekeli abangochwepheshe abathenga lezi zinsiza zokuphepha eziyisisekelo. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kulawa maski kufanele zivimbele amagciwane ukuthi asuke emlonyeni kadokotela ohlinzayo aye emilonyeni yeziguli futhi ngokuphambene nalokho ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane bebhaktheriya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imaski idinga ukuvikela umsebenzisi kuma-molecule amakhulu endaweni yokuhlinzwa, njengokufafaza kwegazi. Kodwa-ke, yini eyenza lolu hlobo lwamamaski alahlwayo luthandeke kumamaski wendwangu asebenziseka kabusha ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo?

Izici eziyisikhombisa zezindwangu zendabuko ezincane ze-microporous zaqhathaniswa nemidiya ye-mask engalukiwe ocwaningweni olushicilelwe ku-Journal of Academia kanye Nocwaningo Lwezimboni: ukumelana nomshini, ukufakwa kwe-lining, ukungena kwebhaktheriya, ukungena kwamanzi, ukuguquguquka, ukudonsa, nokunethezeka. Izindwangu ezingalukiwe zisebenza kangcono kakhulu kunezinye izindwangu ezigabeni ezine kweziyisikhombisa, futhi ziyaqhudelana kwezimbili kwezintathu. Yiziphi ezinye izinzuzo onazo ukwenza imaski yokuhlinzwa engalukiwe?

1. Zibalulekile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

E-United States kuphela, kunezibhedlela ezigunyaziwe ezingu-5,686 ezinemibhede ecishe ibe yisigidi. Lena inombolo emangalisayo uma ucabangela ama-nonwovens alahlwayo. Imaski elahlwa ngokuhlinzwa iyingxenye edingekayo yokunakekelwa. Iminyaka eminingi, imaski ye-premium eyakhiwe ngezinto ezinezimfanelo zobuchwepheshe eziphakeme ingathengiswa njengempahla.

2. Ziphakeme kakhulu kunezindwangu ezilukiwe ngezindlela eziningi.

Zinokuhlunga kwebhaktheriya okusebenza kahle kakhudlwana, ukukhuphuka kwamazinga okugeleza komoya, kanye nezindleko ezincishisiwe zokukhiqiza ngaphezu kwezici ezishiwo ngaphambili.

3. Ziyasebenza kubasebenzi basesibhedlela.

Ngemva kokusetshenziswa, imaski yokuhlinza engalukiwe ilahlwayo iyapakishwa, ifakwe inzalo, futhi ilahlwe ngaso leso sikhathi. Izindwangu ezisetshenzisiwe azidingi ukugcinwa, futhi abasebenzi basesibhedlela abadingi ukuzihlanza, ukuvala amagciwane, nokuzipakisha ukuze zisetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo. Yiziphi izingxenye eziya ekwenzeni imaski yokuhlinzwa engalukiwe? Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemicu esetshenziswa kumaski okuhlinza angalukiwe: imicu yokwenziwa neyemvelo. Imicu yemvelo esetshenziswayo i-rayon, ukotini, ne-wood pulp. Izinzuzo ze-pulp yezinkuni zihlanganisa izindleko zayo eziphansi, umthamo omncane, nokumuncwa kwamanzi okuqinile. Amanxeba angagqokwa ngokuqondile ukotini noma i-rayon. Zingama-nonwovens aphakeme futhi amunca kahle amanzi.

Ukuphefumula okuhle kakhulu, ukuzinza kwe-dimensional okuhle kakhulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elisebenza kahle, i-drape enhle kakhulu, ukuhambisana, ukumelana nokushisa okuhle, umthamo omuhle kakhulu wokugcina amanzi, kanye nezintambo ezingenayo i-allergenic nezingacasuli ezinye zezizathu ezenza imicu yemvelo yenza imaski enhle kakhulu elahlayo embonini yezempilo. Imicu yokwenziwa evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kulolu hlelo lokusebenza i-polyester lapho amandla aphezulu, ukuvala inzalo kalula, kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zibalulekile; imicu ye-bicomponent, esetshenziselwa kabanzi ukubopha okushisayo nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe; kanye ne-polypropylene, enezici ezinhle kakhulu ze-rheological, i-hydrophobicity, nezindleko eziphansi. Kanye nezinye izimfanelo eziningi ezifiselekayo, imicu yokwenziwa icabangela amandla omkhiqizo, ukumelana ne-solvent, ukuchithwa okumile, nokunye. Imaski yokuhlinza engalukiwe idinga imicu yokwenziwa enezici ezilandelayo: i-hydrophobicity, ukufinyeleleka, amandla aphezulu, ukuminyana okuphansi, kanye nokulahlwa okuphephile. Yiziphi izinqubo ezihilelekile ekukhiqizeni?

Zinozinzo ngobukhulu futhi zithambile futhi zinezimbotshana. Ukwengeza, i-spunbonding ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezintweni ezifana nezingubo ezilahlwayo, ihejwa, izembozo zezicathulo, imaski yobuso, namashidi. Izici ezihlukile zewebhu zingafinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa amasu ahlukene njengokubeka okomile, ukubeka okumanzi, nokubeka amakhadi, kuye ngezinto ezifana nobukhulu bewebhu obudingekayo kanye nesivinini sobuchwepheshe bokubopha. Ikhadi lingasetshenziselwa ukwakha amawebhu angasindi wemikhiqizo yenhlanzeko neyobuchwepheshe. Ikhadi likhiqiza amawebhu asheshayo, asezingeni eliphezulu. Kunezindlela eziningi zokufeza ukubopha, enye yazo isibopho esishisayo semicu yokwenziwa kanye nokuxutshwa kwayo. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganiswa obukhula ngokushesha kakhulu i-hydroentangling. Kumaski alahlwayo, isetshenziswe ngokukhethekile. Izwakala njengendwangu futhi ilungele imikhiqizo efana ne-gauze, okokugqoka, izingubo zasesibhedlela, nezinye izinto.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nemicu yokwenziwa, imaski yokugcina elahlayo ibiza kakhulu nakuba inezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubumsulwa bawo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwamukeleka kwawo emikhakheni yezokwelapha nezempilo, ukotini uvamise ukwenziwa i-mercerized futhi ufakwe bleach. Izintuli eziningi zikakotini zenza ukucubungula kube yinselele futhi. Ukwengeza, izingubo zokuhlinza, ama-swabs kakotini, amakhethini, i-gauze, izingubo ezilahlwayo, amabhandeshi, okokugqoka amanxeba, nezinye izinto ezingalukiwe ziphakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emicu yemvelo. Ekucutshungulweni kukakotini, izindlela zokuhlanganisa ezifana ne-hydroentanglement yemikhiqizo emunca kakhulu, ukubopha okushisayo kwezingxube ze-polyolefin nokotini, kanye ne-resin bonding (kuma-substrates) kungase kusetshenziswe.Ubuchwepheshe bemicu yokwenziwa: Imicu yokwenziwa ngokuvamile ihlanganiswa ne-rayon noma ukotini. Noma iyiphi indlela efanele yokubopha ingasetshenziswa ukuze iphonswe. I-Meltblown synthetic fibers enye inketho. Ama-meltblown fiber webs akhethwa ezinhlelweni ezinjengamaski okuhlinzwa angalukiwe ngenxa yobubanzi bawo befayibha encane kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuhlunga. Noma iyiphi indlela ingahlanganisa ngempumelelo imicu yokwenziwa, kodwa kuncike kakhulu ekutheni izosetshenziswa kanjani ekugcineni.

Ngemuva kokucubungula: Ama-nonwovens wezokwelapha kufanele anikezwe isiphetho esifanele ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe. Imaski yokuhlinza engalukiwe ingaba nama-ejenti wokuqeda ahlukahlukene, njengamanzi axosha amanzi, izithambisa, izinqamuli zomlilo, ama-antibacterial finishes, nama-ejenti akhulula inhlabathi. Sengiphetha, imikhiqizo engalukiwe isigcwalise ngokuphelele imakethe yezindwangu zezokwelapha namuhla. Izimfanelo eziyingqayizivele zezindwangu ezingalukiwe kanye nokulula kokuguqulwa kuzenze zaba semqoka kulo mkhakha. Ngenxa yokukhula okusheshayo kokukhula kwezindawo zasemadolobheni kanye nokuvela kwentsha, abantu abakhathalela impilo, isidingo se-nonwovens yezokwelapha sikhule kakhulu emazweni asathuthuka e-Asia, Afrika naseNingizimu Melika. Kulindeleke ukuthi ama-nonwovens azoqhubeka nokudingeka kakhulu embonini yezokwelapha.