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Namuhla, izindwangu ezisebenzayo ezinezakhiwo ze-antibacterial zithandwa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa okungabizi kakhulu kwezindwangu ezisebenzayo nokusebenza okuhlala njalo nokungaguquki kuseyinselele. I-Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) yasetshenziselwa ukuguqula i-polypropylene (PP) indwangu engalukiwe, kwase kuthi ama-nanoparticles esiliva (AgNPs) afakwa endaweni ukuze kukhiqizwe i-PVA-modified AgNPs-loaded PP (okubizwa ngokuthi i-AgNPs). /PVA/PP) indwangu. I-encapsulation yezintambo ze-PP zisebenzisa i-PVA coating kusiza ekuthuthukiseni ngokuphawulekayo ukunamathela kwe-Ag NPs elayishiwe ku-PP fibers, futhi i-Ag/PVA/PP nonwovens ibonisa izakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zemishini kanye nokumelana ne-Escherichia coli (okubizwa ngokuthi i-E. coli). Ngokuvamile, indwangu engalukiwe ye-Ag/PVA/PP ekhiqizwe ekugxilweni kwe-ammonia esiliva engu-30mM inezakhiwo ezingcono zemishini, futhi izinga lokuvikelwa kwe-antibacterial ngokumelene ne-E. coli lifinyelela ku-99.99%. Indwangu isagcina umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu we-antibacterial ngemuva kokugeza okungu-40 futhi inamandla okusetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indwangu engalukiwe ye-Ag/PVA/PP inamathuba amaningi okusebenza embonini ngenxa yokungena kahle komoya kanye nokungena komswakama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, siphinde sakha ubuchwepheshe be-roll-to-roll futhi senza ukuhlola kokuqala ukuze sihlole ukuthi kungenzeka yini le ndlela.
Ngokudlondlobala kokuhwebelana kwezomnotho, ukunyakaza kwabantu abaningi kukhulise kakhulu amathuba okudluliselwa kwegciwane, okuchaza kahle ukuthi kungani inoveli i-coronavirus inamandla amakhulu kangaka okusabalala emhlabeni wonke futhi kunzima ukuyivimba1,2,3. Ngalo mqondo, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokwenza izinto ezintsha zokulwa namagciwane, njenge-polypropylene (PP) nonwovens, njengezinto zokuvikela zezokwelapha. Indwangu engalukiwe ye-polypropylene inezinzuzo zokuminyana okuphansi, ukungabi namakhemikhali kwamakhemikhali kanye nezindleko eziphansi4, kodwa ayinalo ikhono lokulwa namagciwane, impilo yesevisi emfushane kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuvikela okuphansi. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukudlulisela izakhiwo zokulwa namagciwane ezintweni ezingalukiwe ze-PP.
Njenge-ejenti ye-antibacterial yasendulo, isiliva lidlule ezigabeni ezinhlanu zokuthuthuka: isixazululo sesiliva se-colloidal, i-silfa sulfadiazine, usawoti wesiliva, i-protein silver kanye ne-nanosilver. Ama-nanoparticles esiliva aya ngokuya asetshenziswa emikhakheni efana nemithi5,6, conductivity7,8,9, Raman scattering10,11,12, catalytic degradation of dyes13,14,15,16 njll. Ikakhulukazi, ama-nanoparticles esiliva (AgNPs) anezinzuzo ngaphezu kwe-agent engokwemvelo ye-antimicrobial kanye ne-ammonium ammonium ekumelaneni kwawo namagciwane adingekayo, ukuzinza, izindleko eziphansi kanye nokwamukelwa kwemvelo17,18,19. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-nanoparticles esiliva anendawo enkulu ethize ethile kanye nomsebenzi ophezulu we-antibacterial angaxhunyaniswa nezindwangu zoboya20, izindwangu zikakotini21,22, izindwangu ze-polyester nezinye izindwangu ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhululwa okulawulwayo, okuqhubekayo kwezinhlayiya zesiliva ze-antibacterial23,24. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokuhlanganisa ama-AgNP, kungenzeka ukudala izindwangu ze-PP ezinomsebenzi we-antibacterial. Kodwa-ke, ama-nonwovens e-PP awanawo amaqembu asebenzayo futhi ane-polarity ephansi, engahambisani nokuhlanganisa ama-AgNP. Ukuze banqobe le nkinga, abanye abacwaningi baye bazama ukufaka ama-Ag nanoparticles ebusweni bezindwangu ze-PP besebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuguqula okuhlanganisa i-plasma spraying26,27, i-radiation grafting28,29,30,31 kanye ne-surface coating32. Isibonelo, uGoli et al. [33] yethule uqweqwe lwamaprotheni ebusweni bendwangu engalukiwe ye-PP, ama-amino acid asemaphethelweni ongqimba lwamaprotheni angasebenza njengamaphoyinti okubopha ama-AgNP, ngaleyo ndlela azuze izici ezinhle zokulwa namagciwane. umsebenzi. U-Li kanye nozakwabo 34 bathola ukuthi i-N-isopropylacrylamide kanye ne-N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride exhunywe ngokuhlanganyela yi-ultraviolet (UV) etching ibonise umsebenzi onamandla wokulwa namagciwane, nakuba inqubo yokushumeka kwe-UV iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ingehlisa isithunzi semishini. imicu. . U-Oliani et al ulungiselele amafilimu ejeli e-Ag NPs-PP anomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokulwa namagciwane ngokwenza i-PP ehlanzekile ngaphambili nge-gamma irradiation; nokho, indlela yabo nayo yayiyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho-ke, kuseyinselele ukukhiqiza ngempumelelo futhi kalula ama-polypropylene nonwovens anomsebenzi odingekayo we-antimicrobial.
Kulolu cwaningo, i-polyvinyl alcohol, i-membrane yemvelo enobungane futhi eshibhile enekhono elihle lokwenza ifilimu, i-hydrophilicity ephezulu, nokuzinza okuhle kakhulu ngokomzimba namakhemikhali, isetshenziselwa ukuguqula izindwangu ze-polypropylene. IGlucose isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokwehlisa36. Ukwanda kwamandla angaphezulu kwe-PP eguquliwe kukhuthaza ukubekwa okukhethiwe kwama-AgNP. Uma kuqhathaniswa nendwangu ye-PP ehlanzekile, indwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP elungisiwe ibonise ukugaywa kabusha okuhle, umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu we-antibacterial ngokumelene ne-E. coli, izakhiwo ezinhle zemishini ngisho nangemva kwemijikelezo ye-40 yokugeza, kanye nokuphefumula okuphawulekayo, ubulili kanye nomswakama wokungena.
Indwangu engalukiwe ye-PP enamandla adonsela phansi angu-25 g/m2 kanye nogqinsi luka-0.18 mm yanikezwa i-Jiyuan Kang'an Sanitary Materials Co., Ltd. (Jiyuan, China) futhi yasikwa ibe amashidi anesilinganiso esingu-5×5 cm2. I-Silver nitrate (99.8%; AR) ithengwe kwa-Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd. (Shantou, China). IGlucose ithengwe kwa-Fuzhou Neptune Fuyao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Fuzhou, China). I-Polyvinyl alcohol (i-reagent yezinga lezimboni) yathengwa e-Tianjin Sitong Chemical Factory (Tianjin, China). Amanzi ahlanzekile asetshenziswa njenge-solvent noma ukugeza futhi alungiswa elabhorethri yethu. I-nutrient agar nomhluzi kwathengwa e-Beijing Aoboxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). I-E. coli strain (ATCC 25922) ithengwe kwa-Zhangzhou Bochuang Company (Zhangzhou, China).
Izicubu ze-PP ezaba umphumela zagezwa nge-ultrasound ku-ethanol imizuzu engu-15. I-PVA ewumphumela yengezwa emanzini futhi yashiswa ku-95 ° C amahora angu-2 ukuze ithole isisombululo esinamanzi. Khona-ke i-glucose yachithwa ku-10 ml yesisombululo se-PVA ngengxenye enkulu engu-0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0% no-1.5%. Indwangu ehlanzekile ye-polypropylene nonwoven yacwiliswa kusixazululo se-PVA/glucose futhi yashisisa ku-60°C ihora elingu-1. Ngemuva kokuqedwa kokushisisa, indwangu engalukiwe efakwe nge-PP ikhishwa kusixazululo se-PVA/glucose bese yomiswa ku-60°C amahora angu-0.5 ukuze kwakhiwe ifilimu ye-PVA ebusweni bewebhu, ngaleyo ndlela kutholwe inhlanganisela ye-PVA/PP. izindwangu.
I-nitrate eyisiliva incibilika ku-10 ml wamanzi ngokunyakaziswa njalo ekamelweni lokushisa futhi i-ammonia yengezwe kancane kancane kuze kube yilapho isixazululo sishintsha sisuka esicacile sibe nsundu futhi sicace futhi ukuze kutholakale isisombululo se-ammonia esiliva (5-90 mM). Faka indwangu engalukiwe ye-PVA/PP kusixazululo se-ammonia esisiliva bese uyishisisa ku-60 ° C ihora elingu-1 ukuze wenze i-Ag nanoparticles in situ ebusweni bendwangu, bese uyihlanza ngamanzi kathathu futhi uyomise ku-60 ° C. C ngamahora angu-0.5 ukuze uthole indwangu eyinhlanganisela ye-Ag/PVA/PP.
Ngemva kokuhlolwa kokuqala, sakhe okokusebenza kwe-roll-to-roll elabhorethri ukuze kukhiqizwe ngezinga elikhulu izindwangu eziyinhlanganisela. Amarola enziwe nge-PTFE ukuze agweme ukusabela okubi nokungcola. Phakathi nale nqubo, isikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nenani lesisombululo se-adsorbed singalawulwa ngokulungisa ijubane lama-roller kanye nebanga phakathi kwama-roller ukuze kutholwe indwangu ehlanganisiwe ye-Ag/PVA/PP edingekayo.
I-tissue surface morphology yacwaningwa kusetshenziswa isibonakhulu se-electron yokuskena i-VEGA3 (SEM; Japan Electronics, Japan) ngevolthi esheshayo engu-5 kV. Isakhiwo sekristalu sama-nanoparticles esiliva sahlaziywa nge-X-ray diffraction (XRD; Bruker, D8 Advanced, Germany; Cu Kα radiation, λ = 0.15418 nm; i-voltage: 40 kV, yamanje: 40 mA) ebangeni lika-10-80 °. 2θ. I-Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (ATR-FTIR; Nicolet 170sx, Thermo Fisher Scientific Incorporation) yasetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya izici zamakhemikhali zendwangu ye-polypropylene elungiswe phezulu. Okuqukethwe kwesilungisi se-PVA kwezindwangu eziyinhlanganisela ye-Ag/PVA/PP kukalwe ngokuhlaziywa kwe-thermogravimetric (TGA; Mettler Toledo, Switzerland) ngaphansi komfudlana we-nitrogen. I-plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, ELAN DRC II, Perkin-Elmer (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd.) yasetshenziswa ukuze kutholwe okuqukethwe okuyisiliva kwezindwangu eziyinhlanganisela ye-Ag/PVA/PP.
Izinga lokungena komoya kanye nezinga lokudlulisa umhwamuko wamanzi lendwangu eyinhlanganisela ye-Ag/PVA/PP (incazelo: 78×50cm2) kukalwe isikhungo sokuhlola senkampani yangaphandle (Tianfangbiao Standardization Certification and Testing Co., Ltd.) ngokuvumelana ne-GB/T. 5453-1997 kanye ne-GB/T 12704.2-2009. Kusampula ngayinye, amaphuzu ayishumi ahlukene akhethiwe ukuze ahlolwe, futhi idatha enikezwe i-ejensi iyisilinganiso samaphoyinti ayishumi.
Umsebenzi we-antibacterial wendwangu eyinhlanganisela ye-Ag/PVA/PP ukalwe ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zesiShayina GB/T 20944.1-2007 kanye ne-GB/T 20944.3- kusetshenziswa indlela yokusabalalisa ipuleti le-agar (ukuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi) kanye nendlela yeflask yokunyakazisa (ukuhlaziywa kobuningi). . ngokulandelana kwawo ngo-2008. Umsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane wendwangu eyinhlanganisela ye-Ag/PVA/PP ngokumelene ne-Escherichia coli wanqunywa ngezikhathi zokugeza ezihlukene. Ukuze uthole indlela yokusabalalisa ipuleti le-agar, indwangu yokuhlola eyinhlanganisela ye-Ag/PVA/PP ibhotshozwa kudiski (ububanzi: 8 mm) kusetshenziswa isibhakela futhi sinamathiselwe esitsheni se-agar Petri esifakwe i-Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). ; 3.4 × 108 CFU ml-1) bese ifakwa ku-37°C kanye no-56% womswakama ohlobene cishe amahora angama-24. Izoni yokuvimbela yahlaziywa ngokuma mpo ukusuka maphakathi nediski kuya kumzungezo ongaphakathi wamakoloni azungezile. Kusetshenziswa indlela ye-shake flask, ipuleti eliyisicaba elingu-2 × 2 cm2 lalungiswa ngendwangu eyinhlanganisela ye-Ag/PVA/PP ehloliwe futhi yafakwa ngokuzenzakalelayo endaweni yomhluzi ongu-121°C no-0.1 MPa imizuzu engu-30. Ngemuva kokwenza i-autoclaving, isampula yacwiliswa ku-5-mL ye-Erlenmeyer flask equkethe u-70 mL wesisombululo sosiko lomhluzi (i-suspension concentration 1 × 105–4 × 105 CFU/mL) bese ifakwa ekushiseni oscillating okungu-150 °C. rpm no-25°C amahora angu-18. Ngemuva kokuthuthumela, qoqa inani elithile lokumiswa kwebhaktheriya bese ulihlanza ngokuphindwe kashumi. Qoqa inani elidingekayo lokumiswa kwebhaktheriya elihlanjululwe, lisakaze endaweni ye-agar namasiko ku-37°C kanye nomswakama ohlobene no-56% amahora angu-24. Ifomula yokubala ukusebenza kahle kwe-antibacterial ithi: \(\frac{\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{A}}{\mathrm{C}}\cdot 100\%\), lapho u-C no-A kuyinani lamakoloni ngemva kwamahora angu-24, ngokulandelana. Kutshalwe eqenjini lokulawula kanye nezicubu ezihlanganisiwe ze-Ag/PVA/PP.
Ukuqina kwezindwangu eziyinhlanganisela ye-Ag/PVA/PP kwahlolwa ngokuwashwa ngokuya nge-ISO 105-C10:2006.1A. Ngesikhathi sokugeza, cwilisa indwangu ehlanganisiwe ye-Ag/PVA/PP (30x40mm2) esixazululweni esinamanzi esiqukethe okokugeza okudayisa (5.0g/L) bese uyigeza ngo-40±2 rpm kanye no-40±5 rpm/min. ijubane eliphezulu. °C 10, 20, 30, 40 kanye 50 imijikelezo. Ngemuva kokugeza, indwangu ihlanzwa kathathu ngamanzi futhi yomiswa ekushiseni kwama-50-60 ° C imizuzu engu-30. Ukushintsha kokuqukethwe okuyisiliva ngemva kokugeza kukalwe ukuze kunqunywe izinga lomsebenzi we-antibacterial.
Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa umdwebo wohlelo lokwenziwa kwendwangu eyinhlanganisela ye-Ag/PVA/PP. Okusho ukuthi, i-PP nonwoven material icwiliswa kusixazululo esixubile se-PVA ne-glucose. Izinto ezingezona ezilukiwe ezifakwe nge-PP zomiswa ukuze kulungiswe isilungisi kanye ne-ejenti yokunciphisa ukwenza isendlalelo sokuvala. Indwangu eyomisiwe ye-polypropylene nonwoven icwiliswa kusixazululo sesiliva se-ammonia ukuze ifake ama-nanoparticles esiliva ku-situ. Ukugxiliswa kwesilungisi, isilinganiso se-molar ye-glucose ku-ammonia yesiliva, ukuhlangana kwe-ammonia esiliva kanye nezinga lokushisa lokusabela kuthinta ukuna kwe-Ag NPs. yizici ezibalulekile. Umfanekiso 2a ubonisa ukuncika kwe-engeli yokuxhumana kwamanzi yendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP ekugxiliseni kwesilungisi. Uma ukugxiliswa kwesilungisi kukhula kusuka ku-0.5 wt.% kuya ku-1.0 wt.%, i-engeli yokuxhumana yendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP yehla kakhulu; lapho ukugxiliswa kwesilungisi kukhuphuka kusuka ku-1.0 wt.% kuya ku-2.0 wt.%, empeleni akushintshi. Umfanekiso 2 b ubonisa izithombe ze-SEM zemicu ye-PP emsulwa kanye nezindwangu ze-Ag/PVA/PP ezilungiselelwe ekugxilweni kwe-ammonia yesiliva engu-50 mM kanye nezilinganiso ezihlukene ze-molar ye-glucose ne-ammonia yesiliva (1:1, 3:1, 5:1, no-9:1). . isithombe. ). Umphumela we-PP fibre ubushelelezi uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngemva kokufakwa ngefilimu ye-PVA, eminye imicu ihlanganiswe ethe njo; Ngenxa yokubekwa kwama-nanoparticles esiliva, imicu iba yimbi. Njengoba isilinganiso se-molar ye-ejenti enciphisa ku-glucose sikhula, ungqimba olufakiwe lwe-Ag NPs luya lujiya kancane kancane, futhi njengoba isilinganiso se-molar sikhuphuka sibe ngu-5:1 no-9:1, ama-Ag NP avame ukwakha ama-aggregate. Izithombe ze-macroscopic ne-microscopic ze-PP fiber ziba zifana kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma isilinganiso se-molar ye-ejenti yokunciphisa ku-glucose ingu-5:1. Izithombe zedijithali zamasampuli ahambisanayo atholwe ku-50 mM silver ammonia ziboniswa kuMfanekiso S1.
Izinguquko ku-engeli yokuxhumana yamanzi yendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP ekugxiliseni okuhlukile kwe-PVA (a), izithombe ze-SEM zendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP etholwe ekuhlanganiseni kwesiliva kwe-ammonia okungu-50 mM kanye nezilinganiso ezihlukahlukene ze-molar yeglucose nesiliva ammonia [(b))) ; (1) i-PP fiber, (2) i-PVA/PP fiber, (3) isilinganiso se-molar 1:1, (4) isilinganiso se-molar 3:1, (5) isilinganiso se-molar 5:1, (6) isilinganiso se-molar 9: 1], iphethini ye-X-ray diffraction (c) nesithombe se-SEM (d) sendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP etholwe ku-ammonia engu-1M (0M) 2M: ukugxiliswa kwesiliva (0M) (3) 30 mM, (4) 50 mM , (5) 90 mM kanye (6) Ag/PP-30 mM. Izinga lokushisa lokusabela lingu-60°C.
Kumfanekiso 2c ubonisa iphethini ye-X-ray ye-diffraction yendwangu ewumphumela ye-Ag/PVA/PP. Ngaphezu kokuphakama kwe-diffraction ye-PP fiber 37, iziqongo ezine ze-diffraction ku-2θ = ~ ~ 37.8 °, 44.2 °, 64.1 ° kanye no-77.3 ° zihambisana (1 1 1), (2 0 0), (2 2 0), indiza ye-Crystal (3 1 cued silver face of 1 cent). Njengoba ukugxiliswa kwe-ammonia esiliva kukhuphuka kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-90 mM, amaphethini we-XRD we-Ag aba bukhali, ahambisane nokwenyuka okukhazimulayo okulandelayo. Ngokwefomula ka-Scherrer, osayizi bokusanhlamvu be-Ag nanoparticles abalungiselelwe nge-10 mM, 30 mM kanye ne-50 mM yesiliva ammonia abalwe baba ngu-21.3 nm, 23.3 nm kanye no-26.5 nm, ngokulandelana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukugxiliswa kwe-ammonia esiliva kungamandla aqhuba ukusabela kokunciphisa ukwakha isiliva lensimbi. Ngokugxila okukhulayo kwe-ammonia yesiliva, izinga le-nucleation nokukhula kwe-Ag NPs liyakhuphuka. Umfanekiso 2d ubonisa izithombe ze-SEM zendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP etholwe ekugxilweni okuhlukile kwe-Ag ammonia. Ekuhlanganiseni kwe-ammonia esiliva engu-30 mM, ungqimba olufakiwe lwe-Ag NPs lufana ngokuqhathaniswa. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukugxiliswa kwe-ammonia esiliva kuphezulu kakhulu, ukufana kwesendlalelo sokubeka se-Ag NP kuthanda ukwehla, okungenzeka kungenxa yokuhlangana okunamandla kusendlalelo sokubeka se-Ag NP. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-nanoparticles esiliva angaphezulu anezimo ezimbili: i-spherical kanye ne-scaly. Usayizi wezinhlayiya eziyindilinga cishe u-20-80 nm, futhi usayizi we-lamellar lateral cishe u-100-300 nm (Umfanekiso S2). Isendlalelo se-Ag nanoparticles ebusweni bendwangu ye-PP engashintshiwe ayilingani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa kukhuthaza ukuncishiswa kwe-Ag NPs (Fig. S3), kodwa izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lokusabela alikhuthazi imvula ekhethiwe ye-Ag NPs.
Umfanekiso 3a ubonisa ngokohlelo ubudlelwano phakathi kokugxiliswa kwe-ammonia esiliva, inani lesiliva elifakiwe, nomsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane wendwangu elungisiwe ye-Ag/PVA/PP. Umfanekiso 3b ubonisa amaphethini e-antibacterial amasampula ekugxilweni okuhlukene kwe-ammonia esiliva, engabonisa ngokuqondile isimo se-antibacterial samasampuli. Lapho ukugxiliswa kwe-ammonia esiliva kukhuphuka kusuka ku-5 mM kuya ku-90 mM, inani lemvula eyisiliva lenyuka lisuka ku-13.67 g/kg laya ku-481.81 g/kg. Ukwengeza, njengoba inani lokufakwa kwesiliva landa, umsebenzi we-antibacterial ngokumelene ne-E. coli ekuqaleni uyakhula bese uhlala usezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokukhethekile, lapho ukugxiliswa kwe-ammonia esiliva kungu-30 mM, inani lesiliva lesiliva endwangu ewumphumela ye-Ag/PVA/PP lingu-67.62 g/kg, futhi izinga le-antibacterial lingu-99.99%. bese ukhetha le sampuli njengommeleli wezinhlamvu zesakhiwo esilandelayo.
(a) Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinga lomsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane kanye nenani le-Ag layer esetshenziswayo kanye nokugxiliswa kwe-ammonia esiliva; (b) Izithombe zamapuleti e-bacterial Culture athathwe ngekhamera yedijithali ebonisa amasampula angenalutho namasampuli alungiselelwe kusetshenziswa i-5 mM, 10 mM, 30 mM, 50 mM kanye ne-90 mM silver ammonia. Umsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane wendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP ngokumelene ne-Escherichia coli
Umfanekiso 4a ubonisa i-spectra ye-FTIR/ATR ye-PP, PVA/PP, Ag/PP kanye ne-Ag/PVA/PP. Amabhendi okumunca we-PP fiber emsulwa ku-2950 cm-1 naku-2916 cm-1 abangelwa ukudlidliza okunwebekayo kwe-asymmetric kwamaqembu e--CH3 kanye -CH2-, futhi ku-2867 cm-1 naku-2837 cm-1 abangelwa ukudlidliza okunwebekayo kwe-symmetric kwamaqembu -CH3 kanye -CH. –CH3 kanye –CH2–. Amabhendi okumunca kokuthi 1375 cm–1 kanye no-1456 cm–1 abalelwa ekudlidlizeni kwe-asymmetric kanye nokushintshashintsha kwe-symmetric -CH338.39. I-spectrum ye-FTIR ye-Ag/PP fiber ifana neye-PP fiber. Ngaphezu kwebhendi yokumunca ye-PP, inani elisha eliphakeme lokumuncwa ku-3360 cm-1 lendwangu ye-PVA/PP kanye ne-Ag/PVA/PP libangelwa ukwelulwa kwebhondi ye-hydrogen yeqembu -OH. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi i-PVA isetshenziswa ngempumelelo ebusweni be-polypropylene fiber. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumuncwa kwe-hydroxyl kwendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP ibuthakathaka kancane kunendwangu ye-PVA/PP, okungenzeka kungenxa yokuxhumana kwamanye amaqembu e-hydroxyl anesiliva.
I-spectrum ye-FT-IR (a), ijika le-TGA (b) ne-XPS ye-spectrum yokulinganisa (c) ye-PP emsulwa, indwangu ye-PVA/PP nendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP, kanye ne-C 1s ye-spectrum ye-PP (d), indwangu ye-PVA/PP PP (e) kanye ne-Ag 3d peak (f) yendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP.
Kumfanekiso 4c ubonisa i-XPS yendwangu ye-PP, PVA/PP, kanye ne-Ag/PVA/PP. Isiginali ye-O 1s ebuthakathaka ye-polypropylene fiber emsulwa ingafakwa ku-oxygen element ekhangisiwe phezulu; ukuphakama kwe-C 1s ku-284.6 eV kubangelwa i-CH ne-CC (bheka uMdwebo 4d). Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-PP fiber emsulwa, indwangu ye-PVA/PP (I-Fig. 4e) ibonisa ukusebenza okuphezulu ku-284.6 eV (C–C/C–H), 285.6 eV (C–O–H), 284.6 eV (C–C/C–H), 285.6 eV (C–O–H) kanye no-288–C eO (388). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-spectrum ye-O 1s yendwangu ye-PVA/PP ingalinganiselwa ngeziqongo ezimbili ku-532.3 eV kanye no-533.2 eV41 (Fig. S4), lezi ziqongo ze-C 1s zihambisana ne-C–OH ne-H–C=O (amaqembu e-hydroxyl e-PVA kanye neqembu le-glucose ye-aldehyde), ehambisana nedatha ye-FTIR. Indwangu engalukiwe ye-Ag/PVA/PP igcina i-spectrum ye-O 1s ye-C-OH (532.3 eV) kanye ne-HC=O (533.2 eV) (Umfanekiso S5), ehlanganisa u-65.81% (amaphesenti e-atomic) C, 22. 89. % O kanye no-11.31% Sg. Ikakhulukazi, iziqongo ze-Ag 3d5/2 kanye ne-Ag 3d3/2 ku-368.2 eV kanye ne-374.2 eV (Fig. 4f) ziphinde zifakazele ukuthi ama-Ag NPs afakwa ebusweni bendwangu engalukiwe ye-PVA/PP42.
Amajika e-TGA (I-Fig. 4b) ye-PP ehlanzekile, indwangu ye-Ag/PP, kanye nendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP ibonisa ukuthi zithola izinqubo ezifanayo zokubola okushisayo, futhi ukubekwa kwe-Ag NPs kuholela ekwenyukeni okuncane kwezinga lokushisa lokuwohloka kokushisa kwe-PP. imicu ye-PVA/PP imicu (kusuka ku-480 °C (imicu ye-PP) kuya ku-495 °C), okungenzeka ngenxa yokwakheka kwesithiyo se-Ag43. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanani ayinsalela amasampula amsulwa we-PP, Ag/PP, Ag/PVA/PP, Ag/PVA/PP-W50 kanye ne-Ag/PP-W50 ngemva kokushisisa ngo-800°C ayengu-1.32%, 16.26% no-13. 86%. % ngokulandelana kwawo u-9.88% no-2.12% (isijobelelo esithi W50 lapha sisho imijikelezo yokugeza engama-50). Okusele kwe-PP okumsulwa kubangelwa ukungcola, futhi ingxenye esele yamasampuli asele ku-Ag NPs, futhi umehluko enanini eliyinsalela lamasampuli alayishwe ngesiliva kufanele ube ngenxa yenani elihlukile lama-nanoparticles esiliva alayishwe kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokugeza indwangu ye-Ag/PP izikhathi ezingu-50, okuqukethwe kwesiliva okusele kwehliswe ngo-94.65%, futhi okuqukethwe okusele kwesiliva kwendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP kwehliswe cishe ngo-31.74%. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi i-PVA encapsulating coating ingathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukunamathela kwe-AgNP ku-matrix ye-PP.
Ukuhlola ukunethezeka kokugqoka, ukufinyeleleka komoya kanye nezinga lokudlulisa umhwamuko wamanzi wendwangu elungisiwe ye-polypropylene kukalwa. Ngokuvamile, ukuphefumula kuhlobene nokunethezeka kokushisa komsebenzisi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo nezinomswakama44. Njengoba kuboniswe ku-Figure 5a, ukungena komoya kwe-PP ehlanzekile kungu-2050 mm / s, futhi ngemva kokuguqulwa kwe-PVA kwehla ku-856 mm / s. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ifilimu ye-PVA eyakhiwe ebusweni be-PP fiber futhi ingxenye elukiweyo isiza ukunciphisa izikhala phakathi kwemicu. Ngemuva kokufaka ama-Ag NPs, ukungena komoya kwendwangu ye-PP kuyanda ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-PVA coating lapho kusetshenziswa ama-Ag NP. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphefumula kwezindwangu ze-Ag/PVA/PP kuthanda ukwehla njengoba i-ammonia esiliva ikhula isuka ku-10 iye ku-50 mmol. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokuthi ubukhulu bediphozi yesiliva buyanda ngokukhula kwe-ammonia yesiliva, okusiza ukunciphisa inani lezimbotshana kanye nethuba lokudlula komhwamuko wamanzi kuwo.
(a) Ukungena komoya kwezindwangu ze-Ag/PVA/PP ezilungiselelwe ngokugxilisa okuhlukile kwe-ammonia yesiliva; (b) Ukudluliswa komhwamuko wamanzi wendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP elungiswe ngokugxilisa okuhlukene kwe-ammonia yesiliva; (c) Izilungisi ezihlukahlukene Ijika le-Tensile le-Ag Fabric/PVA/PP elitholwe ekugxiliseni okuhlukile; (d) Ijika eliqinile lendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP etholwe ekugxiliseni okuhlukene kwe-ammonia yesiliva (Indwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP etholwe ekugxilweni kwe-ammonia yesiliva engu-30 mM nayo iyaboniswa) (Qhathanisa amajika aqinile ezindwangu ze-PP ngemva kwemijikelezo engu-40 yokuwasha).
Izinga lokudluliswa komphunga wamanzi esinye inkomba ebalulekile yokunethezeka okushisayo kwendwangu45. Kuvela ukuthi ukuvuthwa komswakama wezindwangu kuthonywa ikakhulukazi ukuphefumula kanye nezakhiwo ezingaphezulu. Okusho ukuthi, ukungena komoya ikakhulukazi kuncike enanini lama-pores; izakhiwo ezingaphezulu zithinta ukungena komswakama kwamaqembu e-hydrophilic ngokusebenzisa i-adsorption-diffusion-desorption yama-molecule amanzi. Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 5b, ukufinyeleleka komswakama we-PP fiber ehlanzekile ngu-4810 g/(m2 · 24h). Ngemuva kokuvalwa kwe-PVA yokugqoka, inani lezimbobo ku-fiber ye-PP liyancipha, kodwa umswakama womswakama wendwangu ye-PVA / PP ukhuphuka ube ngu-5070 g / (m2 · 24 h), njengoba umswakama wawo womswakama unqunywa ikakhulukazi izakhiwo ezingaphezulu. hhayi izimbotshana. Ngemuva kokufakwa kwama-AgNP, ukungenwa komswakama kwendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP kuye kwandiswa futhi. Ikakhulukazi, ukufinyeleleka komswakama okuphezulu kwendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP etholwe ekuhlanganiseni kwesiliva kwe-ammonia okungu-30 mM ngu-10300 g/(m2·24h). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukufinyeleleka okuhlukile komswakama wezindwangu ze-Ag/PVA/PP ezitholakala ekugxiliseni okuhlukene kwe-ammonia yesiliva kungase kuhlotshaniswe nomehluko wogqinsi lwesendlalelo sokubeka isiliva kanye nenani lezimbotshana zalo.
Izakhiwo zemishini zezindwangu zinethonya kakhulu impilo yazo yesevisi, ikakhulukazi njengezinto ezisetshenziswa kabusha46. Umfanekiso 5c ubonisa ijika lokucindezeleka eliqinile lendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP. Amandla aqinile we-PP ehlanzekile yi-2.23 MPa kuphela, kuyilapho amandla aqinile we-1 wt% yendwangu ye-PVA / PP akhushulwe kakhulu ku-4.56 MPa, okubonisa ukuthi i-encapsulation yendwangu ye-PVA PP kusiza ukuthuthukisa kakhulu izakhiwo zayo zemishini. izakhiwo. Amandla aqinile nobude ngesikhathi sekhefu lendwangu ye-PVA/PP akhuphuka ngokugxila okwandayo kwesilungisi se-PVA ngoba ifilimu ye-PVA ingaphula ingcindezi futhi iqinise i-PP fiber. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukugxiliswa kwesilungisi senyuka kuya ku-1.5 wt.%, i-PVA enamathelayo yenza indwangu ye-polypropylene ibe lukhuni, okuthinta kabi ukugqoka ukunethezeka.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindwangu ezihlanzekile ze-PP kanye ne-PVA/PP, amandla okuqina kanye nokwelula ngesikhathi sokuphuka kwezindwangu ze-Ag/PVA/PP athuthukiswa nakakhulu ngoba ama-Ag nanoparticles asatshalaliswa ngokufanayo ebusweni bemicu ye-PP angasabalalisa umthwalo47,48. Kungabonakala ukuthi amandla aqinile we-Ag / PP fiber aphakeme kune-PP ehlanzekile, afinyelela ku-3.36 MPa (Fig. 5d), okuqinisekisa umphumela oqinile noqinisayo we-Ag NPs. Ikakhulukazi, indwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP ekhiqizwe ekugxilweni kwe-ammonia esiliva engu-30 mM (esikhundleni sama-50 mM) ibonisa amandla amakhulu okuqina kanye nobude ngesikhathi sekhefu, okusengenxa yokubekwa okufanayo kwama-Ag NP kanye nokufakwa komfaniswano. Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-NP esiliva ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-ammonia yesiliva. Ukwengeza, emva kwemijikelezo ye-40 yokugeza, amandla okudonsa kanye nokwelula ngesikhathi sokuphumula kwendwangu ye-Ag / PVA / PP elungiselelwe ekugxilweni kwe-ammonia yesiliva engu-30 mM kwehle ngo-32.7% no-26.8%, ngokulandelana (Fig. 5d), okungase kuhlotshaniswe nokulahlekelwa okuncane kwe-nanoparticles yesiliva efakwe emva kwalokhu.
Izibalo 6a kanye no-b zibonisa izithombe zekhamera yedijithali zendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP nendwangu ye-Ag/PP ngemva kokugeza imijikelezo engu-0, 10, 20, 30, 40, kanye nengu-50 ekugxilweni kwe-ammonia esiliva engu-30 mM. Indwangu empunga emnyama ye-Ag/PVA/PP kanye nendwangu ye-Ag/PP kancane kancane iba mpunga ngokukhanyayo ngemva kokugeza; futhi ukushintsha kombala kokuqala ngesikhathi sokugeza akubonakali njengento engathi sína njengaleyo yesibili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuqhathaniswa nendwangu ye-Ag/PP, okuqukethwe kwesiliva kwendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP kwehle kancane uma kuqhathaniswa ngemva kokugeza; ngemva kokugeza izikhathi ezingu-20 noma ngaphezulu, owokuqala wagcina isiliva eliphakeme kunalena yokugcina (Fig. 6c). Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ukumboza imicu ye-PP ene-PVA coating ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukunamathela kwe-Ag NPs kumafayili e-PP. Umfanekiso 6d ubonisa izithombe ze-SEM zendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP kanye nendwangu ye-Ag/PP ngemva kokugeza imijikelezo engu-10, 40, kanye nengu-50. Izindwangu ze-Ag/PVA/PP zithola ukulahlekelwa okuncane kwama-Ag NP ngesikhathi ziwashwa kunezindwangu ze-Ag/PP, futhi ngoba i-PVA encapsulating coating isiza ukuthuthukisa ukunamathela kwe-Ag NPs kumafayibha e-PP.
(a) Izithombe zendwangu ye-Ag/PP ethathwe ngekhamera yedijithali (ethathwe ku-30 mM silver ammonia concentration) ngemva kokugeza imijikelezo engu-0, 10, 20, 30, 40 kanye nengu-50 (1-6); (b) Ag/PVA/PP Izithombe zezindwangu ezithathwe ngekhamera yedijithali (ezithathwe ku-30 mM silver ammonia concentration) ngemva kokugeza imijikelezo engu-0, 10, 20, 30, 40 kanye ne-50 (1-6); (c) Izinguquko kokuqukethwe okuyisiliva kwezindwangu ezimbili emijikelezweni yokuwasha; (d) Izithombe ze-SEM zendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP (1-3) kanye nendwangu ye-Ag/PP (4-6) ngemva kwemijikelezo yokuwasha engu-10, 40 no-50.
Umfanekiso 7 ubonisa umsebenzi we-antibacterial kanye nezithombe zekhamera yedijithali yezindwangu ze-Ag/PVA/PP ngokumelene ne-E. coli ngemva komjikelezo wokugeza we-10, 20, 30 kanye ne-40. Ngemuva kokugeza okungu-10 no-20, ukusebenza kwe-antibacterial kwezindwangu ze-Ag/PVA/PP kwahlala ku-99.99% no-99.93%, okubonisa umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu we-antibacterial. Izinga le-antibacterial lendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP lehle kancane ngemva kwezikhathi ezingu-30 nezingu-40 zokugeza, okwakungenxa yokulahlekelwa ama-AgNP ngemva kokugeza isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokulwa namagciwane lendwangu ye-Ag/PP ngemva kokugeza okungu-40 lingama-80.16% kuphela. Kusobala ukuthi umphumela we-antibacterial wendwangu ye-Ag/PP ngemva kwemijikelezo yokugeza engu-40 ungaphansi kakhulu kunowendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP.
(a) Izinga lomsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane ngokumelene ne-E. coli. (b) Uma kuqhathaniswa, izithombe zendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP ezithathwe ngekhamera yedijithali ngemva kokugeza indwangu ye-Ag/PP ekugxilweni kwe-ammonia esiliva engu-30 mM yemijikelezo engu-10, 20, 30, 40 kanye nengu-40 nazo ziyaboniswa.
Ku-Fig. Umfanekiso 8 ubonisa ngokohlelo ukwakhiwa kwendwangu enkulu ye-Ag/PVA/PP kusetshenziswa indlela enezigaba ezimbili yokugingqika. Okusho ukuthi, isixazululo se-PVA/glucose sacwiliswa kuhlaka lokugoqa isikhathi esithile, sabe sesikhishwa, sabe sesihlanganiswa nesixazululo sesiliva se-ammonia ngendlela efanayo ukuze kutholwe indwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP. (Umdwebo 8a). Indwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP ewumphumela isawugcina umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokulwa namagciwane ngisho noma ishiywe unyaka ongu-1. Ukuze kulungiswe ngezinga elikhulu izindwangu ze-Ag/PVA/PP, ama-nonwovens angumphumela we-PP afakwe enqubweni yokugoqa eqhubekayo bese edluliswa kusixazululo se-PVA/glucose kanye nesisombululo se-ammonia esisiliva ngokulandelana futhi sicutshungulwe. izindlela ezimbili. Amavidiyo anamathiselwe. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa silawulwa ngokulungisa ijubane le-roller, futhi inani lesisombululo se-adsorbed lilawulwa ngokulungisa ibanga phakathi kwama-roller (Fig. 8b), ngaleyo ndlela ithola indwangu ehlosiwe ye-Ag / PVA / PP ye-nonwoven yobukhulu obukhulu (50 cm × 80 cm). ) kanye ne-roller yeqoqo. Yonke le nqubo ilula futhi iyasebenza, evumela ukukhiqizwa okukhulu.
Umdwebo wohlelo lokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo eqondiwe yosayizi omkhulu (a) kanye nomdwebo wohlelo lwenqubo yokuqoqwa kokukhiqizwa kwezinto ezingalukiwe ze-Ag/PVA/PP (b).
Ama-nonwovens e-PVA/PP aqukethe isiliva akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obulula bokufakwa kwesigaba soketshezi se-in-situ kuhlanganiswe nomzila wokugoqa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nendwangu ye-PP kanye nendwangu ye-PVA / PP, izakhiwo zemishini yendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP engalukiwe elungisiwe ithuthukiswa kakhulu ngoba isendlalelo sokuvala se-PVA singathuthukisa kakhulu ukunamathela kwe-Ag NPs kumafayili e-PP. Ukwengeza, inani elilayishwayo le-PVA kanye nokuqukethwe kwama-NP esiliva kwendwangu ye-Ag/PVA/PP engalukiwe kungalawulwa kahle ngokulungisa ukugxilisa kwesisombululo se-PVA/glucose nesisombululo sesiliva se-ammonia. Ikakhulukazi, indwangu engalukiwe ye-Ag/PVA/PP elungiselelwe kusetshenziswa isixazululo se-ammonia sesiliva esingu-30 mM ibonise izici ezinhle kakhulu zemishini futhi igcine umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu we-antibacterial ngokumelene ne-E. coli ngisho nangemva kwemijikelezo yokugeza engu-40, ebonisa amandla amahle okulwa nokungcoliswa. I-PP impahla engalukiwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokunye ukwaziswa kwezincwadi, izindwangu esizithole sisebenzisa izindlela ezilula zazibonisa ukumelana kangcono nokuwashwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indwangu engalukiwe ye-Ag/PVA/PP ewumphumela inokungena kahle komswakama kanye nokunethezeka kokugqoka, okungenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezinhlelweni zezimboni.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-26-2023