Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi umnyombo wamamaski okuhlinzwa kanye nemaski e-N95 ungqimba oluphakathi - ukotini oncibilikisiwe.
Uma namanje ungazi, ake sikubuyekeze kafushane kuqala. Amamaski okuhlinza ahlukaniswe abe izingqimba ezintathu, izendlalelo ezimbili zangaphandle kube yindwangu engalukiwe e-spunbond futhi isendlalelo esimaphakathi siwukotini oncibilikisiwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yindwangu engalukiwe e-spunbond noma ukotini oncibilikisiwe, azenziwe ngekotini, kodwa nge-plastic polypropylene (PP).
UBehnam Pourdeyhimi, iphini likamqondisi we-Institute of Non woven Materials eNorth Carolina State University kanye noprofesa wesayensi yezinto zokwakha, uchaze ukuthi izingqimba zangaphambili nezingemuva zendwangu engalukiwe kumaski okuhlinzwa azinawo amandla okuhlunga ama-microorganisms. Bangakwazi ukuvimba amaconsi awuketshezi kuphela, futhi ungqimba oluphakathi kuphela lukakotini oncibilikisiwe olunomsebenzi wokuhlunga amagciwane.
Umsebenzi wokuhlunga wendwangu engalukiwe ephephetheka ngokuncibilika.
Eqinisweni, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga (FE) kwamafayibha kunqunywa ubukhulu bayo obumaphakathi kanye nokuminyana kokupakisha. Uma i-diameter ye-fiber incane, iphakamisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga.
Ububanzi bemicu eqediwe kakotini encibilikisiwe bucishe bube phakathi kwama-microns angu-0.5-10, kuyilapho ububanzi bemicu ye-spunbond layer buba ngama-microns angu-20. Ngenxa yemicu ye-ultrafine, ukotini oncibilikisiwe unendawo enkulu futhi ungakhanga izinhlayiya ezincane ezihlukahlukene. Okuhlaba umxhwele nakakhulu ukuthi ukotini oncibilikisiwe uyaphefumula, okuwenza ube yinto enhle yokwenza izihlungi zemaski, kuyilapho indwangu engalukiwe ye-spunbond injalo.
Ake sibheke inqubo yokukhiqiza yalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zeizindwangu ezingalukiwe.
Lapho kwenziwa indwangu engeyona eyelukiwe ye-spunbond, i-polypropylene iyancibilika bese idonswa kusilika, bese yenza i-mesh——Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindwangu ezingalukiwe ezenziwe nge-spunbond, ukotini oncibilikisiwe unobuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu, futhi empeleni, ubuchwepheshe obuncibilikisiwe buwukuphela kobuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwemicu emincane.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ukotini oncibilikisiwe
Umshini ungakhiqiza ukugeleza komoya oshisayo ngesivinini esikhulu, okuzofafaza i-polypropylene encibilikisiwe kusuka kubhobho yejethi encibilikayo yokuvula encane kakhulu, ngomphumela ofanayo nesifutho.
Amafayibha e-Misty ultrafine aqoqana kuma-roller noma amapuleti ukuze akhe izindwangu ezingalukiwe ezincibilikisiwe - empeleni, ugqozi lobuchwepheshe obuphephukayo luvela emvelweni. Cishe awazi ukuthi imvelo nayo ikhiqiza izinto ezincibilikayo. Kuvame ukuba namawigi abukeka eyinqaba eduze kwemigodi yentaba-mlilo, okuyizinwele zikaPele, ezakhiwe nge-basaltic magma eshaywa umoya oshisayo wentaba-mlilo.
Ngawo-1950, i-US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) yaqala yasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuncibilikisiwe ukwenza imicu yokuhlunga izinto ezikhipha imisebe. Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe be-melt blown abusetshenziselwa kuphela ukukhiqiza izinto zokuhlunga zokuhlunga amanzi negesi, kodwa futhi nokukhiqiza izinto zokufakelwa kwezimboni ezifana noboya bamaminerali. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga ukotini oncibilikisiwe ngokwawo cishe kungama-25%. Kwenzeke kanjani ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga okungu-95% kwemaski e-N95?
Lesi isinyathelo esibalulekile enqubweni yokukhiqiza ukotini oncibilikisiwe wezokwelapha - ukwelashwa kwe-electrostatic polarization.
Kufana nalokhu, njengoba sisanda kusho, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwemaski kuhlobene nobubanzi bawo kanye nokugcwala kokugcwalisa. Kodwa-ke, uma yelukwe yaqina kakhulu, imaski ngeke iphefumule futhi oyigqokile uzozizwa engakhululekile. Uma ukwelashwa kwe-electrostatic polarization kungenziwanga, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwendwangu encibilikayo ephephethekayo okungenza abantu bazizwe becindezelwe kancane kungu-25% kuphela.
Singakuthuthukisa kanjani ukuphefumula kuyilapho siqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga?
Ngo-1995, usosayensi wezobunjiniyela u-Peter P. Tsai wase-University of Tennessee weza nomqondo wobuchwepheshe bemvula kagesi obusetshenziswa ekuhlungeni izimboni.
Embonini (njengoshimula bemboni), onjiniyela basebenzisa indawo kagesi ukushaja izinhlayiya bese besebenzisa igridi yamandla ukuze bamunce ukuze bahlunge izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu.
Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-electrostatic precipitator ukuhlunga umoya
Begqugquzelwa lobu buchwepheshe, abantu abaningi baye bazama ukufaka ugesi emicu yepulasitiki, kodwa abazange baphumelele. Kodwa uCai Bingyi wakwenza. Wasungula indlela yokushaja ipulasitiki, ukufaka umoya nge-ionizing nokushaja indwangu encibilikisiwe ngogesi, iyenze ibe i-electret, into eshajwa unomphela efana ne-Pikachu.
Ngemuva kokuguqulelwa ekubeni yi-Pikachu, ungqimba lwendwangu encibilikayo ye-Pikachu alukwazi nje ukufinyelela izendlalelo eziyi-10 ngaphandle kukagesi, kodwa futhi luhehe izinhlayiya ezinobubanzi obuyi-100 nm, njenge-COVID-19.
Kungashiwo ukuthi ngobuchwepheshe bukaCai Bingyi, imaski ye-N95 yadalwa. Izimpilo zezigidigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele zivikelekile ngalobu buchwepheshe.
Ngokuqondana nje, indlela yokushaja kagesi ka-Cai Bingyi ibizwa ngokuthi i-corona electrostatic charging, okuwuhlobo olufanayo lwe-corona njenge-coronavirus, kodwa lapha i-corona isho i-corona.
Ngemva kokubuka inqubo yokukhiqiza yebanga lezokwelapha incibilikisa ukotini ophephukayo, uzoqonda ubunzima bayo bezobuchwepheshe. Eqinisweni, ingxenye enzima kakhulu yenqubo yokukhiqiza ukotini oncibilikisiwe kungase kube ukukhiqizwa kwemishini kakotini oncibilikisiwe.
Ngo-March walo nyaka, u-Markus Mü ller, umqondisi wezentengiso we-Reicol, umphakeli waseJalimane wemishini encibilikayo, wathi engxoxweni ne-NPR ukuthi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imicu ilungile futhi inekhwalithi ezinzile, imishini encibilikayo idinga ukunemba okuphezulu futhi kunzima ukuyikhiqiza. Isikhathi sokukhiqiza kanye nokuhlanganisa umshini okungenani izinyanga ezingu-5-6, futhi intengo yomshini ngamunye ingafinyelela ku-$ 4 million. Nokho, imishini eminingi emakethe inamazinga ekhwalithi angalingani.
I-Hills, Inc. eseFlorida ingomunye wabakhiqizi abambalwa emhlabeni abangakha imibhobho yemishini kakotini encibilikisiwe. UTimothy Robson, umphathi we-R&D wale nkampani, naye uthe imishini kakotini encibilikayo inezinga eliphezulu lokuqukethwe kwezobuchwepheshe.
Yize ukukhiqizwa kwamamaski eChina minyaka yonke kubala cishe amaphesenti angama-50 engqikithi yomhlaba, okuyenza ibe ngumkhiqizi omkhulukazi kanye nomthengisi wamaski, ngokusho kwedatha evela kwi-China Industrial Textile Industry Association ngoFebhuwari, ukukhiqizwa kuzwelonke kwezindwangu ezingalukiwe ezincibilikisiwe kungaphansi kwamathani ayi-100000 ngonyaka, okukhombisa ukushoda okukhulu kwezindwangu ezingalukiwe ezincibilikisiwe.
Uma kucatshangelwa inani nesikhathi sokulethwa kwemishini yokukhiqiza indwangu encibilikisiwe, amabhizinisi amancane mancane amathuba okuthi akhiqize inani elikhulu likakotini oncibilikisiwe ofanelekayo ngesikhathi esifushane.
Unganquma kanjani ukuthi imaskhi ethengiwe ifanelekile futhi yenziwe ngekotini encibilikisiwe?
Indlela empeleni ilula kakhulu, thatha izinyathelo ezintathu.
Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuthi ungqimba lwangaphandle lwendwangu engalukiwe ye-spunbond kumakhukhi esisemishi lunezinto ezingangeni manzi, imaski yezokwelapha efanelekile kufanele ingangeni manzi. Uma engavimbeli amanzi, angawasefa kanjani amaconsi afuthwe emlonyeni? Ungazama ukuthela amanzi kuwo njengalobhuti.
Okwesibili, i-polypropylene akulula ukubamba umlilo futhi ijwayele ukuncibilika lapho ibekwe ekushiseni, ngakho ukotini oncibilikisiwe ngeke ushise. Uma kubhakwa nge-lighter, ukotini oncibilikisiwe uzogoqeka futhi uwe, kodwa ngeke ubambe umlilo. Ngamanye amazwi, uma ungqimba olumaphakathi lwemaski oyithengayo luvutha umlilo lapho ubhakwa ngesilawuli, lokho kungumbumbulu.
Okwesithathu, ukotini oncibilikisiwe wezokwelapha yi-Pikachu, enogesi omile, ngakho-ke ingakwazi ukucosha amaphepha amancane.
Vele, uma udinga ukusebenzisa imaskhi efanayo izikhathi eziningi, umsunguli we-N95, uCai Bingyi, naye uneziphakamiso zokubulala amagciwane.
NgoMashi 25 walo nyaka, uCai Bingyi wathi kuwebhusayithi yeNyuvesi yaseTennessee ukuthi umphumela we-electrostatic polarization wamaski wezokwelapha kanye nemaski we-N95 uzinzile kakhulu. Noma imaski ibulawa amagciwane ngomoya oshisayo ongama-70 degrees Celsius imizuzu engama-30, lokho akuthinti izakhiwo ze-polarization zamaski. Kodwa-ke, utshwala buzothwala inkokhiso yendwangu encibilikisiwe, ngakho-ke ungayibulali amagciwane kumaski ngotshwala.
Ngendlela, ngenxa yokumuncwa okuqinile, umgoqo, ukuhlunga, namakhono okuvimbela ukuvuza ukotini oncibilikisiwe, imikhiqizo eminingi yabesifazane namanabukeni nawo enziwa ngawo. U-Kimberly Clark waba ngowokuqala ukufaka isicelo samalungelo obunikazi afanelekile.
I-Dongguan Liansheng Non woven Technology Co., Ltd.yasungulwa ngoMeyi 2020. Kuyibhizinisi elikhulu lokukhiqiza indwangu engalukiwe ehlanganisa ucwaningo nentuthuko, ukukhiqiza, nokudayiswa. Ingakwazi ukukhiqiza imibala ehlukahlukene ye-PP spunbond izindwangu ezingalukiwe ezinobubanzi obungaphansi kwamamitha angu-3.2 ukusuka ku-9 amagremu kuya ku-300 amagremu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-26-2024