Ngemuva kobhubhane olusha lwe-coronavirus, abantu abaningi baye baqaphela indima ebalulekile yemaski. Ngakho, lolu lwazi lwesayensi mayelana nezifihla-buso.Ingabe uyazi?
Indlela yokukhetha imaski?
Ngokuya ngomklamo, uma ibalwa ngokuya kuqala kwekhono lokuzivikela lomuntu oyigqokile (kusuka phezulu kuye phansi): Imaski engu-N95>imaski yokuhlinzwa>imaski yezokwelapha evamile>imaski kakotini evamile.
Ngenyumoniya etheleleke nge-coronavirus, imaski yokuhlinzwa yezokwelapha kanye nemaski ngokuhluzwa kwezinhlayiya ezingenawo amafutha ezinkulu noma ezilingana nama-95%, njenge-N95, KN95, DS2, FFP2, zinomphumela osobala wokuvimba.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamamaski ezokwelapha
Njengamanje, imaski yezokwelapha e-China ihlukaniswe ikakhulukazi yaba izinhlobo ezintathu: imaski yokuvikela yezokwelapha enezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuvikela, imaski yokuhlinzwa yezokwelapha evame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokusebenza ezihlaselayo njengamagumbi okuhlinza, kanye nemaski ajwayelekile alahlwayo wezokwelapha.
Izinto zamaski ezokwelapha
Sivame ukusho ukuthi imaski yenziwe ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe, okuyindwangu engalukiwe uma iqhathaniswa nendwangu yendwangu. Yakhiwe ngemicu eqondile noma engahleliwe. Ikakhulukazi kumamaski, zonke izinto zawo zokusetshenziswa ziyi-polypropylene (PP), futhi imaski yezokwelapha ngokuvamile inesakhiwo esinezendlalelo eziningi, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isakhiwo se-SMS.
Ulwazi lwamakhemikhali
I-Polypropylene, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-PP, iyisithako esiqinile esingenambala, esingenaphunga, esingenabuthi, futhi esisobala kancane esakhiwe yi-polymerization ye-propylene. Ifomula yamangqamuzana ithi – [CH2CH (CH3)] n -. I-Polypropylene isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ye-fiber njengezingubo nezingubo zokulala, izinto zezokwelapha, izimoto, amabhayisikili, izingxenye, amapayipi okudlulisa, iziqukathi zamakhemikhali, futhi isetshenziswa nasekufakweni kokudla nezidakamizwa.
Ngokombono weimaski materials, i-polypropylene high melting point impahla ekhethekile yendwangu engalukiwe isibe yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu, ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-polypropylene enesilinganiso sokugeleza kwe-melt mass engu-33-41g/min, ehlangabezana nezinga le-sanitary polypropylene yendwangu engalukiwe.
Indwangu engalukiwe ekhiqizwe nge-polypropylene engalukiwe yendwangu ekhethekile ingasetshenziselwa izingubo zokuhlinza ezilahlwayo, amashidi, imaski, izembozo, amaphedi amunca uketshezi neminye imikhiqizo yezokwelapha neyezempilo. Phakathi kwabo, imaski engalukiwe yenziwe ngezingqimba ezimbili zendwangu engalukiwe yefayibha esetshenziselwa izinjongo zezokwelapha nezezempilo, enesendlalelo esengeziwe sendwangu yokufafaza yesihlungi enomphumela wokuhlunga kanye nomphumela we-antibacterial ongaphezu kuka-99.999% ongezwe phakathi, oshiselwe amagagasi e-ultrasonic.
Imaski yezokwelapha ye-antivirus
Imaski enganikeza ukuvikelwa kwegciwane ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa imaski yokuhlinzwa yezokwelapha kanye ne-N95 masks. Ngokwendinganiso kazwelonke ye-YY 0469-2004 “Izimfuneko Zobuchwepheshe Zomaski Wokuhlinza Ezokwelapha”, izinkomba ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe okufanele zihlangatshezwe nomaski wokuhlinzwa zifaka ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwamagciwane, kanye nokumelana nokuphefumula:
Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga: Ngaphansi kwesimo sokugeleza komoya (30 ± 2) L/min, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwe-aerosol ye-sodium chloride enobubanzi obuphakathi (0.24 ± 0.06) μ m ku-aerodynamics ayikho ngaphansi kuka-30%;
Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwebhaktheriya: Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwama-aerosols e-Staphylococcus aureus ane-avareji yezinhlayiyana ububanzi (3 ± 0.3) μ m akumele kube ngaphansi kuka-95%;
Ukumelana nokuphefumula: Ngaphansi kwesimo sokugeleza kokusebenza kahle kokuhlunga, ukumelana nokuphefumula akudluli i-49Pa futhi ukumelana nokuphelelwa umoya akudluli i-29.4Pa.
Umbandela wesibili wokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwebhaktheriya ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwe-Staphylococcus aureus aerosols ebhaktheriya akufanele kube ngaphansi kwama-95%, okuwumsuka womqondo we-N95. Ngakho-ke, yize imaski ye-N95 ingewona imaski yezokwelapha, ihlangabezana nezinga lokusebenza kahle kokuhlunga okungama-95% futhi ingalingana kangcono nobuso bomuntu, ngakho-ke ingabamba iqhaza elihle ekuvimbeleni amagciwane.
Ncibilikisa indwangu engalukiwe ephephethwayo
Impahla eyinhloko eletha umphumela wokuhlunga igciwane kulezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamamaski yindwangu yokuhlunga ye-electrostatic yangaphakathi ecoleke kakhulu - indwangu engalukiwe encibilikisiwe.
Impahla eyinhloko yendwangu engalukiwe ephephethwa ngokuncibilika i-polypropylene, okuyindwangu ye-electrostatic fine fine kakhulu ekwazi ukubamba uthuli. Lapho amaconsi aqukethe igciwane lenyumoniya esondela endwangu engalukiwe encibilikisiwe, azokhangiswa nge-electrostatic phezu kwendwangu engalukiwe futhi ngeke akwazi ukudlula.
Lesi yisimiso salokhu okuhlukanisa amagciwane. Ngemva kokubanjwa ama-ultrafine electrostatic fibers, uthuli kunzima kakhulu ukulukhipha ngenxa yokuhlanza, futhi ukugeza ngamanzi nakho kungalimaza ikhono lokudonsa i-electrostatic. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwemaski lungasetshenziswa kanye kuphela. Amazinga afanelekile wokuhlunga okuncibilikisiwe kwamamaski ayisicaba ahlanganisa: izinga elijwayelekile, i-BFE95 (ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga okungu-95%), i-BFE99 (ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga okungu-99%), i-VFE95 (ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga okungu-99%), i-PFE95 (ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga okungu-99%), i-KN90 (ukuhlunga okungu-90%).
Ukwakheka okuqondile
Amamaski okuhlinzwa kwezokwelapha ngokuvamile enziwa ngezingqimba ezintathu zendwangu engalukiwe. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo yindwangu engalukiwe e-spunbond+indwangu engalukiwe encibilikisiwe+Indwangu engalukiwe ye-spunbond. Imicu emifushane ingasetshenziswa futhi kusendlalelo esisodwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthungwa kwesikhumba, okuyindwangu engalukiwe eshisayo ye-ES+encibilika indwangu engalukiwe engalukiwe+indwangu engalukiwe ye-spunbond. Isendlalelo sangaphandle semaski senzelwe ukuvimbela amaconsi, ungqimba oluphakathi luyahlungwa, futhi inkumbulo ibamba umswakama. Izindwangu ezincibilikisiwe ngokuvamile zikhethwa ukuthi zibe nesisindo esingamagremu angu-20.
Imaski yohlobo lwenkomishi engu-N95 yakhiwe ngokotini obhontshiwe inaliti, indwangu encibilikisiwe, nendwangu engalukiwe. Indwangu encibilikisiwe ivamise ukuba nesisindo esingamagremu angu-40 noma ngisho nangaphezulu, futhi ngogqinsi lwenaliti ebhontshiwe kakotini, ibukeka ijiyile kunamaski ayisicaba ngokubukeka, futhi umphumela wayo wokuvikela ungafinyelela okungenani ku-95%.
Izendlalelo ezimbalwa zamamaski azicaciswanga ku-GB/T 32610 ejwayelekile kazwelonke yamamaski. Uma kuyimaski yezokwelapha, kufanele okungenani ibe nezingqimba ezi-3, okuyilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-SMS (izingqimba ezi-2 zesendlalelo esingu-S no-1 ungqimba luka-M). Njengamanje, inani eliphakeme kakhulu lezendlalelo e-China ngu-5, okuyi-SMMMS (izigaba ezi-2 ze-S layer nezi-3 ze-M layer). Akunzima ukwenza imaski, kodwa kunzima ukwenza indwangu ye-SMMMS. Intengo yempahla yendwangu engalukiwe engenisiwe ingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 zamayuan.
U-S lapha umele ungqimba lwe-spunbond, olunobubanzi befayibha eqinile obungama-micrometer angu-20 (μ m). Izigaba ezimbili ze-Sungqimba lwe-spunbondngokuyinhloko isekela sonke isakhiwo sendwangu engalukiwe futhi ayinawo umthelela obalulekile ezindaweni zokuvimbela.
Isendlalelo esibaluleke kakhulu ngaphakathi kwemaski ungqimba oluvimbelayo noma isendlalelo esincibilikisiwe esingu-M. Ububanzi befayibha yongqimba oluncibilikisiwe buncane ngokuqhathaniswa, buzungeze ama-micrometer angu-2 (μ m), ngakho buyingxenye eyodwa kuphela eshumini yobubanzi bongqimba lwe-spunbond. Lokhu kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni amagciwane negazi ukuthi lingangeni.
Uma kunezendlalelo eziningi ze-S spunbond, imaski izoba nzima, kuyilapho uma kunezendlalelo eziningi ze-M meltblown, ukuphefumula kuzoba nzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ubunzima bokuphefumula kumaski bungasetshenziswa ukwahlulela umphumela wayo wokuzihlukanisa. Uma kunzima kakhulu ukuphefumula, kungcono umphumela wokuzihlukanisa. Kodwa-ke, uma ungqimba lwe-M luba ifilimu elincanyana, empeleni aliphefumuli, futhi amagciwane avinjelwe, kodwa abantu abakwazi ukuphefumula. Ngakho-ke, lokhu futhi kuyinkinga yezobuchwepheshe.
Ukuze siyibonise kangcono inkinga, sizoqhathanisa ifayibha ye-spunbond layer S, i-meltblown layer M fiber, kanye nezinwele emfanekisweni olandelayo. Ezinweleni ezinobubanzi obungu-1/3, ziseduze ne-spunbond layer fiber, kuyilapho izinwele ezinobubanzi obungu-1/30, ziseduze ne-meltblown layer M fiber. Yiqiniso, abacwaningi basathuthukisa imicu ecolekile ukuze baqinisekise izakhiwo ezingcono zokulwa namagciwane nezithiyo.
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uma ungqimba lwe-M lungcono, lungakwazi ukuvimba ukungena kwezinhlayiya ezincane ezifana namagciwane. Isibonelo, i-N95 ibhekisela emandleni okuvimba i-95% yezinhlayiya ezincane (ama-microns angu-0.3) ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile. Ngokwezinga likazwelonke le-GB/T 19083 lemaski okuvikela ezokwelapha, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwemaski yezinhlayiya ezingenawo amafutha kuhlangabezana nezidingo ezisethebula elingezansi ngesilinganiso sokugeleza kwegesi esingu-85L/min.
Ithebula 1: Amazinga Okuhlunga Amamaski Okuvikela Ezokwelapha
Kusukela encazelweni engenhla, i-N95 empeleni iyimaski enezingqimba ezi-5 eyenziwe ngendwangu engalukiwe ye-polypropylene ye-SMMMS engahluza ama-95% ezinhlayiya ezinhle.
I-Dongguan Liansheng Non woven Technology Co., Ltd.yasungulwa ngoMeyi 2020. Kuyibhizinisi elikhulu lokukhiqiza indwangu engalukiwe ehlanganisa ucwaningo nentuthuko, ukukhiqiza, nokudayiswa. Ingakwazi ukukhiqiza imibala ehlukahlukene ye-PP spunbond izindwangu ezingalukiwe ezinobubanzi obungaphansi kwamamitha angu-3.2 ukusuka ku-9 amagremu kuya ku-300 amagremu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-18-2024