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How does PP spunbond nonwoven fabric ensure protection in the application scenario of isolation clothing?

In the application of isolation clothing, PP spunbond non-woven fabric (polypropylene spunbond non woven fabric) mainly achieves protection through the following technical mechanisms, balancing basic protection and cost-effectiveness:

 Physical structure protection mechanism

The continuous filament fibers of PP spunbond nonwoven fabric form a three-dimensional network structure of interlaced entanglement during the laying process, with fiber diameters typically ranging from 10-30 microns and a large number of micron sized pores between the fibers. Fiber densification barrier is formed by high-speed airflow to spray molten PP into a mesh (fiber diameter of about 15-25 μ m), which is then hot-rolled and bonded to form a microporous structure (pores 1-10 μ m), effectively blocking droplets (>5 μ m) and bacteria (0.5-5 μ m, such as Staphylococcus aureus). This structure physically intercepts larger particles such as droplets and body fluids, and its pore size is much smaller than that of common pathogens (such as bacteria with a diameter of about 0.5-5 μ m and viruses with a diameter of about 0.02-0.3 μ m). It can effectively prevent pathogens from penetrating through isolation gowns through direct contact or aerosols. Joint reinforcement design, using ultrasonic welding or hot melt adhesive tape to seal the joint, avoiding pinhole leakage (the weak point of traditional sewing). At the same time, the hot rolling process causes local melting and bonding of fibers, further reducing pores and enhancing structural stability, reducing the possibility of liquid penetration.

Chemical modification enhances protection

By surface chemical modification of PP spunbond nonwoven fabric, its protective performance can be improved. For example, using water repellent finishing agents (such as fluorine-containing compounds or fluorine free waterproofing agents) to treat the surface of fabrics can form a hydrophobic layer, allowing liquids such as blood and sweat to condense into beads on the surface of the fabric without penetrating, thereby extending the penetration time of the liquid. Some products will also undergo antibacterial coating treatment, introducing antibacterial components (such as silver ions and quaternary ammonium salts) on the fiber surface to inhibit the growth of bacteria in contact and reduce the risk of secondary pollution. Anti static treatment, coated with glycerol monolaurate, surface resistance<10 ΩΩ (to prevent electrostatic adsorption of particles) Typical case: 40g/m ² PP spunbond fabric treated with three rejections can pass AATCC 42 (water resistance) and ISO 22610 (resistance to microbial wet penetration) tests.

Multi layer composite enhances comprehensive performance

To meet the high protection requirements, PP spunbond non woven fabric used in isolation clothing often adopts a multi-layer composite structure. Typical composite methods include “spunbond+meltblown+spunbond” (SMS), in which the middle meltblown layer enhances the filtration efficiency of small particles and pathogens through the electrostatic adsorption of ultrafine fibers (diameter 1-5 microns); The outer spunbond layer provides mechanical strength and wear resistance, while the inner spunbond layer ensures comfort. This composite structure combines barrier properties, breathability, and durability, allowing the isolation suit to maintain its protective integrity in the face of splashes, friction, and other scenarios. PP spunbond fabric is often used as a base layer and compounded with other materials:

PP spunbond+PE film: enhances waterproofing (used for medium risk isolation clothing)

PP spunbond+meltblown fabric: improves filtration efficiency (BFE ≥ 95%)

PP spunbond+hydrophilic non-woven fabric: inner layer is sweat absorbent and breathable (MVTR>800g/m ²/24h)

 Strictly comply with protection standards

PP spunbond non-woven isolation clothing needs to pass strict medical protection standards certification, such as ASTM F1671 (synthetic blood penetration resistance test), ASTM F1670 (microbial penetration resistance test) in the United States, and GB 19082-2009 “Technical Requirements for Medical Disposable Protective Clothing” in China. These standards specify the liquid barrier properties, filtration efficiency, fracture strength, and other indicators of the product, such as requiring no synthetic blood penetration under certain pressure to ensure that the product achieves the expected protective effect in actual use.

Classification certification:

AAMI PB70 Level 1-2 (applicable to low to medium risk scenarios such as outpatient and nursing)

Level 1: Only a small amount of liquid (such as sweat) needs to be blocked

Level 2: Resistance to venous puncture splashing (hydrostatic pressure ≥ 20cm)

Key testing indicators:

Anti synthetic blood penetration: ASTM F1670 (≥ 80mmHg pressure impermeable)

Antimicrobial penetration resistance: ISO 22610 (Blocking bacteria under mechanical friction)

Protection advantages in practical applications

In practical use scenarios of isolation gowns, the protective advantages of PP spunbond non-woven fabric are reflected in multiple aspects: firstly, its disposable nature avoids the risk of cross infection caused by repeated use; Secondly, the fabric has a certain degree of tear resistance, which can withstand the stretching and friction during daily operations, reducing the risk of protection failure caused by damage; Thirdly, it has tolerance to common disinfectants (such as 75% alcohol) and will not damage the structure due to chemical corrosion during the disinfection process, maintaining protective stability.

Economic protection, with a weight range of 20-50g/m ² and a cost of only 60% of SMS materials, meets a large consumption demand (such as primary healthcare and normalized epidemic prevention). Flexible adaptation scenarios, single-layer PP spunbond is used for low-risk areas (such as regular ward rounds), and composite type is used for medium risk areas (such as emergency pre screening triage).

Limitations and improvement directions

There are certain limitations to the protective properties of PP spunbond nonwoven fabrics, such as the limited barrier ability of pure spunbond structures against extremely fine aerosols, and the possibility of permeation after prolonged exposure to high-pressure liquids. In response to these issues, the industry is improving performance through technological advancements, such as developing ultra-fine fiber spunbond processes to reduce fiber diameter and enhance interception effectiveness; Adopting nano coating technology to enhance liquid repellent durability without affecting breathability; Explore biodegradable PP materials to reduce environmental burden while ensuring protection, and promote the balanced development of protective performance and sustainability.

Summarize

The protective properties of PP spunbond non-woven fabric in isolation clothing rely on the triple guarantee of physical barrier, chemical modification, and structural design, achieving basic protection at low cost and suitable for non-invasive operation scenarios. When selecting, it is necessary to match product certification based on risk level (such as AAMI Level 2) and pay attention to the added value of seam technology and antibacterial function.

Dongguan Liansheng Non woven Technology Co., Ltd. was established in May 2020. It is a large-scale non-woven fabric production enterprise integrating research and development, production, and sales. It can produce various colors of PP spunbond non-woven fabrics with a width of less than 3.2 meters from 9 grams to 300 grams.


Post time: Aug-08-2025